Java中较为复杂和常见的错误示例,包括运行后的错误信息以及修复方法:
- String text = null;
- int length = text.length(); // 运行后会抛出 NullPointerException
错误信息:
- Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NullPointerException
- at MyClass.main(MyClass.java:3)
修复方法:在使用变量前,检查其是否为null。
- String text = null;
- if (text != null) {
- int length = text.length();
- } else {
- System.out.println("text is null");
- }
- int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3};
- int value = numbers[3]; // 运行后会抛出 ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
错误信息:
- Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: Index 3 out of bounds for length 3
- at MyClass.main(MyClass.java:3)
修复方法:确保访问的数组索引在有效范围内。
- int[] numbers = {1, 2, 3};
- if (numbers.length > 3) {
- int value = numbers[3];
- } else {
- System.out.println("Invalid index");
- }
- Object obj = "Hello";
- Integer num = (Integer) obj; // 运行后会抛出 ClassCastException
错误信息:
- Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ClassCastException: class java.lang.String cannot be cast to class java.lang.Integer
- at MyClass.main(MyClass.java:3)
修复方法:确保对象可以进行类型转换。
- Object obj = "Hello";
- if (obj instanceof Integer) {
- Integer num = (Integer) obj;
- } else {
- System.out.println("Cannot cast to Integer");
- }
int result = 5 / 0; // 运行后会抛出 ArithmeticException
错误信息:
- Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero
- at MyClass.main(MyClass.java:3)
修复方法:避免除数为零。
- int divisor = 2;
- if (divisor != 0) {
- int result = 5 / divisor;
- } else {
- System.out.println("Cannot divide by zero");
- }
- File file = new File("nonexistent.txt");
- Scanner scanner = new Scanner(file); // 运行后会抛出 FileNotFoundException
错误信息:
- Exception in thread "main" java.io.FileNotFoundException: nonexistent.txt (No such file or directory)
- at java.base/java.io.FileInputStream.open0(Native Method)
- at java.base/java.io.FileInputStream.open(FileInputStream.java:220)
- at java.base/java.io.FileInputStream.
(FileInputStream.java:158) - at java.base/java.util.Scanner.
(Scanner.java:639) - at MyClass.main(MyClass.java:3)
修复方法:确保文件存在或捕获异常。
- File file = new File("nonexistent.txt");
- try {
- Scanner scanner = new Scanner(file);
- // 读取文件内容
- } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
- System.out.println("File not found: " + e.getMessage());
- }