Linux内核启动流程-第一阶段汇编流程简介

一.  Linux启动流程

二.  汇编流程简介

1.  链接脚本 vmlinux.lds

492 OUTPUT_ARCH(arm)
493 ENTRY(stext)
494 jiffies = jiffies_64;
495 SECTIONS
496 {
497 /*
498 * XXX: The linker does not define how output sections are
499 * assigned to input sections when there are multiple statements
500 * matching the same input section name. There is no documented
501 * order of matching.
502 *
503 * unwind exit sections must be discarded before the rest of the
504 * unwind sections get included.
505 */
506 /DISCARD/ : {
507 *(.ARM.exidx.exit.text)
508 *(.ARM.extab.exit.text)
509 
......
645 }

2.  Linux 内核入口 stext

stext 是 Linux 内核的入口地址，在文件 arch/arm/kernel/head.S 中有如下所示提示内容：

/*
* Kernel startup entry point.
* ---------------------------
*
* This is normally called from the decompressor code. The requirements
* are: MMU = off, D-cache = off, I-cache = dont care, r0 = 0,
* r1 = machine nr, r2 = atags or dtb pointer.
.....
*/

80 ENTRY(stext)
......
91 @ ensure svc mode and all interrupts masked
92 safe_svcmode_maskall r9
93 
94 mrc p15, 0, r9, c0, c0 @ get processor id
95 bl __lookup_processor_type @ r5=procinfo r9=cpuid
96 movs r10, r5 @ invalid processor (r5=0)?
97 THUMB( it eq ) @ force fixup-able long branch encoding
98 beq __error_p @ yes, error 'p'
99 
......
107
108 #ifndef CONFIG_XIP_KERNEL
......
113 #else
114 ldr r8, =PLAT_PHYS_OFFSET @ always constant in this case
115 #endif
116
117 /*
118 * r1 = machine no, r2 = atags or dtb,
119 * r8 = phys_offset, r9 = cpuid, r10 = procinfo
120 */
121 bl __vet_atags
......
128 bl __create_page_tables
129
130 /*
131 * The following calls CPU specific code in a position independent
132 * manner. See arch/arm/mm/proc-*.S for details. r10 = base of
133 * xxx_proc_info structure selected by __lookup_processor_type
134 * above. On return, the CPU will be ready for the MMU to be
135 * turned on, and r0 will hold the CPU control register value.
 
原子哥在线教学:www.yuanzige.com 论坛:www.openedv.com
942
I.MX6U 嵌入式 Linux 驱动开发指南
136 */
137 ldr r13, =__mmap_switched @ address to jump to after
138 @ mmu has been enabled
139 adr lr, BSYM(1f) @ return (PIC) address
140 mov r8, r4 @ set TTBR1 to swapper_pg_dir
141 ldr r12, [r10, #PROCINFO_INITFUNC]
142 add r12, r12, r10
143 ret r12
144 1: b __enable_mmu
145 ENDPROC(stext)

Linux 内核将每种处理器都抽象为一个 proc_info_list 结构体，每种处理器都对应一个 procinfo。因此，可以通过处理器 ID 来找到对应的 procinfo 结构，__lookup_processor_type 函数找 到对应处器的 procinfo 以后会将其保存到 r5 寄存器中。

3.   __mmap_switched 函数

81 __mmap_switched:
82 adr r3, __mmap_switched_data
83 
84 ldmia r3!, {r4, r5, r6, r7}
85 cmp r4, r5 @ Copy data segment if needed
86 1: cmpne r5, r6
87 ldrne fp, [r4], #4
88 strne fp, [r5], #4
89 bne 1b
90 
91 mov fp, #0 @ Clear BSS (and zero fp)
92 1: cmp r6, r7
93 strcc fp, [r6],#4
94 bcc 1b
95 
96 ARM( ldmia r3, {r4, r5, r6, r7, sp})
97 THUMB( ldmia r3, {r4, r5, r6, r7} )
98 THUMB( ldr sp, [r3, #16] )
99 str r9, [r4] @ Save processor ID
100 str r1, [r5] @ Save machine type
101 str r2, [r6] @ Save atags pointer
102 cmp r7, #0
103 strne r0, [r7] @ Save control register values
104 b start_kernel
105 ENDPROC(__mmap_switched)