解决M2苹果芯片Mac无法安装python=3.7的虚拟环境

问题描述

conda无法安装python=3.7的虚拟环境：

conda create -n py37 python=3.7
1

出现错误

(base) ➜  AzurLaneAutoScript git:(master) conda create -n alas python==3.7.6 -y
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: failed with repodata from current_repodata.json, will retry with next repodata source.
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done
Solving environment: failed

PackagesNotFoundError: The following packages are not available from current channels:

  - python==3.7.6

Current channels:

  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/osx-arm64
  - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/noarch
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/osx-arm64
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/noarch
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/osx-arm64
  - https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/noarch

To search for alternate channels that may provide the conda package you're
looking for, navigate to

    https://anaconda.org

and use the search bar at the top of the page.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

查看channel中可安装python的版本

(base) ➜  AzurLaneAutoScript git:(master) conda search --full --name python
Loading channels: done
# Name                       Version           Build  Channel             
python                        3.8.11      hbdb9e5c_5  pkgs/main           
python                        3.8.13      hbdb9e5c_0  pkgs/main           
python                        3.8.13      hbdb9e5c_1  pkgs/main           
python                        3.8.15      h266c4f5_0  pkgs/main           
python                        3.8.15      hc0d8a6c_2  pkgs/main           
python                         3.9.6      hc70090a_5  pkgs/main           
python                         3.9.7      hc70090a_1  pkgs/main           
python                        3.9.11      hbdb9e5c_1  pkgs/main           
python                        3.9.11      hbdb9e5c_2  pkgs/main           
python                        3.9.12      hbdb9e5c_0  pkgs/main           
python                        3.9.12      hbdb9e5c_1  pkgs/main           
python                        3.9.13      hbdb9e5c_1  pkgs/main           
python                        3.9.13      hbdb9e5c_2  pkgs/main           
python                        3.9.15      hbdb9e5c_0  pkgs/main           
python                        3.9.15      hc0d8a6c_2  pkgs/main           
python                        3.10.0      hbdb9e5c_1  pkgs/main           
python                        3.10.0      hbdb9e5c_2  pkgs/main           
python                        3.10.0      hbdb9e5c_3  pkgs/main           
python                        3.10.0      hbdb9e5c_5  pkgs/main           
python                        3.10.3      hbdb9e5c_5  pkgs/main           
python                        3.10.4      hbdb9e5c_0  pkgs/main           
python                        3.10.6      hbdb9e5c_0  pkgs/main           
python                        3.10.6      hbdb9e5c_1  pkgs/main           
python                        3.10.8      hbdb9e5c_0  pkgs/main           
python                        3.10.8      hc0d8a6c_1  pkgs/main   

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29

发现channel中最低版本为3.8.11

问题原因

根据Stackoverflow上面的问题：https://stackoverflow.com/questions/70205633/cannot-install-python-3-7-on-osx-arm64
以及CSDN问答：https://ask.csdn.net/questions/7631935
原因应该是（机翻）：
当Apple Silicon投放市场时，Python 3.8已经发布了大约一年的时间，因此用于osx-arm64的Python 3.7构建从来不是Conda Forge常规构建矩阵的一部分。
在Apple Silicon系统上使用3.7的直接替代方法是使用Rosetta模拟x86_64，或者使用容器系统，例如Docker。
长期来看，您可以尝试请求python-feedstock包含osx-arm64的3.7版本。然而，从技术上讲，3.7.12(2021年9月)是最终的特性版本，现在已经进入了仅维护阶段(参见PEP 537)。此外，其他构建特定于python版本的变体的包不会为osx-arm64构建，因此即使有python=3.7，这些包也不会在那里(至少不会通过Conda)。基本上，我不认为有人会接受这个。

解决办法

用罗赛塔转换成X86架构来运行这个。

## 创建一个空的环境
conda create -n py37
 
## 启动该环境
conda activate py37
 
## 使用x86_64 architecture channel(s)
conda config --env --set subdir osx-64
 
## 安装python3.7之类的操作  install python, numpy, etc. (add more packages here...)
conda install python=3.7

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

实例

(base) ➜  AzurLaneAutoScript git:(master) conda create -n alas               
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done


==> WARNING: A newer version of conda exists. <==
  current version: 22.9.0
  latest version: 22.11.0

Please update conda by running

    $ conda update -n base -c defaults conda



## Package Plan ##

  environment location: /Users/yuki/opt/anaconda3/envs/alas



Proceed ([y]/n)? y

Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
#
# To activate this environment, use
#
#     $ conda activate alas
#
# To deactivate an active environment, use
#
#     $ conda deactivate

Retrieving notices: ...working... done
(base) ➜  AzurLaneAutoScript git:(master) conda activas alas

CommandNotFoundError: No command 'conda activas'.
Did you mean 'conda activate'?

(base) ➜  AzurLaneAutoScript git:(master) conda activate alas
(alas) ➜  AzurLaneAutoScript git:(master) conda config --env --set subdir osx-64
(alas) ➜  AzurLaneAutoScript git:(master) conda install python=3.7.6    
Collecting package metadata (current_repodata.json): done
Solving environment: failed with initial frozen solve. Retrying with flexible solve.
Collecting package metadata (repodata.json): done
Solving environment: done


==> WARNING: A newer version of conda exists. <==
  current version: 22.9.0
  latest version: 22.11.0

Please update conda by running

    $ conda update -n base -c defaults conda



## Package Plan ##

  environment location: /Users/yuki/opt/anaconda3/envs/alas

  added / updated specs:
    - python=3.7.6


The following packages will be downloaded:

    package                    |            build
    ---------------------------|-----------------
    ca-certificates-2022.10.11 |       hecd8cb5_0         125 KB  defaults
    certifi-2022.9.24          |   py37hecd8cb5_0         155 KB  defaults
    libcxx-14.0.6              |       h9765a3e_0         968 KB  defaults
    libedit-3.1.20210910       |       hca72f7f_0         139 KB  defaults
    libffi-3.2.1               |                1          37 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
    ncurses-6.3                |       hca72f7f_3         857 KB  defaults
    openssl-1.1.1s             |       hca72f7f_0         2.8 MB  defaults
    pip-22.2.2                 |   py37hecd8cb5_0         2.3 MB  defaults
    python-3.7.6               |       h359304d_2        19.8 MB  defaults
    readline-7.0               |       h1de35cc_5         316 KB  defaults
    setuptools-65.5.0          |   py37hecd8cb5_0         1.1 MB  defaults
    sqlite-3.33.0              |       hffcf06c_0         1.3 MB  defaults
    tk-8.6.11                  |       h7bc2e8c_0         3.0 MB  defaults
    xz-5.2.8                   |       h6c40b1e_0         262 KB  defaults
    zlib-1.2.11                |                0          98 KB  https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free
    ------------------------------------------------------------
                                           Total:        33.2 MB

The following NEW packages will be INSTALLED:

  ca-certificates    pkgs/main/osx-64::ca-certificates-2022.10.11-hecd8cb5_0 None
  certifi            pkgs/main/osx-64::certifi-2022.9.24-py37hecd8cb5_0 None
  libcxx             pkgs/main/osx-64::libcxx-14.0.6-h9765a3e_0 None
  libedit            pkgs/main/osx-64::libedit-3.1.20210910-hca72f7f_0 None
  libffi             anaconda/pkgs/free/osx-64::libffi-3.2.1-1 None
  ncurses            pkgs/main/osx-64::ncurses-6.3-hca72f7f_3 None
  openssl            pkgs/main/osx-64::openssl-1.1.1s-hca72f7f_0 None
  pip                pkgs/main/osx-64::pip-22.2.2-py37hecd8cb5_0 None
  python             pkgs/main/osx-64::python-3.7.6-h359304d_2 None
  readline           pkgs/main/osx-64::readline-7.0-h1de35cc_5 None
  setuptools         pkgs/main/osx-64::setuptools-65.5.0-py37hecd8cb5_0 None
  sqlite             pkgs/main/osx-64::sqlite-3.33.0-hffcf06c_0 None
  tk                 pkgs/main/osx-64::tk-8.6.11-h7bc2e8c_0 None
  wheel              pkgs/main/noarch::wheel-0.37.1-pyhd3eb1b0_0 None
  xz                 pkgs/main/osx-64::xz-5.2.8-h6c40b1e_0 None
  zlib               anaconda/pkgs/free/osx-64::zlib-1.2.11-0 None


Proceed ([y]/n)? y


Downloading and Extracting Packages
libedit-3.1.20210910 | 139 KB    | ############################################################################################################## | 100% 
xz-5.2.8             | 262 KB    | ############################################################################################################## | 100% 
readline-7.0         | 316 KB    | ############################################################################################################## | 100% 
certifi-2022.9.24    | 155 KB    | ############################################################################################################## | 100% 
python-3.7.6         | 19.8 MB   | ############################################################################################################## | 100% 
ca-certificates-2022 | 125 KB    | ############################################################################################################## | 100% 
tk-8.6.11            | 3.0 MB    | ############################################################################################################## | 100% 
libffi-3.2.1         | 37 KB     | ############################################################################################################## | 100% 
sqlite-3.33.0        | 1.3 MB    | ############################################################################################################## | 100% 
zlib-1.2.11          | 98 KB     | ############################################################################################################## | 100% 
pip-22.2.2           | 2.3 MB    | ############################################################################################################## | 100% 
libcxx-14.0.6        | 968 KB    | ############################################################################################################## | 100% 
ncurses-6.3          | 857 KB    | ############################################################################################################## | 100% 
setuptools-65.5.0    | 1.1 MB    | ############################################################################################################## | 100% 
openssl-1.1.1s       | 2.8 MB    | ############################################################################################################## | 100% 
Preparing transaction: done
Verifying transaction: done
Executing transaction: done
Retrieving notices: ...working... done


1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135

Conda 命令及其用法：

1. conda create：创建一个新的 Conda 环境。

例如，创建一个名为 myenv 的环境：conda create --name myenv

2. conda activate：激活一个 Conda 环境。

例如，激活名为 myenv 的环境：conda activate myenv

3. conda deactivate：停用当前的 Conda 环境。

例如，退出当前环境：conda deactivate

4. conda update：更新安装的软件包。

例如，更新所有软件包：conda update --all

5. conda install：安装一个或多个软件包。

例如，安装 numpy：conda install numpy

6. conda remove：卸载一个或多个软件包。

例如，卸载 numpy：conda remove numpy

7. conda search：搜索可用软件包。

例如，搜索包含 “tensorflow” 的软件包：conda search tensorflow

8. conda list：列出已安装的软件包。

例如，列出当前环境中的所有软件包：conda list

这些是一些常用的 Conda 命令和用法，它们可以帮助您更好地管理项目和依赖项。