1.自定义注解简介
1.基本注解
2.元注解
3.自定义注解
3.1.标记注解
3.2.元数据注解
3.3.自定义注解语法:@interface
JDK基本注解
@Override
重写@SuppressWarnings(value = "unchecked")
压制编辑器警告
JDK元注解
@Retention:定义注解的保留策略
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE) //注解仅存在于源码中,在class字节码文件中不包含
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.CLASS) //默认的保留策略,注解会在class字节码文件中存在,但运行时无法获得,
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) //注解会在class字节码文件中存在,在运行时可以通过反射获取到@Target:指定被修饰的Annotation可以放置的位置(被修饰的目标)
@Target(ElementType.TYPE) //接口、类
@Target(ElementType.FIELD) //属性
@Target(ElementType.METHOD) //方法
@Target(ElementType.PARAMETER) //方法参数
@Target(ElementType.CONSTRUCTOR) //构造函数
@Target(ElementType.LOCAL_VARIABLE) //局部变量
@Target(ElementType.ANNOTATION_TYPE) //注解
@Target(ElementType.PACKAGE) //包
注:可以指定多个位置,例如:
@Target({ElementType.METHOD, ElementType.TYPE}),也就是此注解可以在方法和类上面使用@Inherited:指定被修饰的Annotation将具有继承性
@Documented:指定被修饰的该Annotation可以被javadoc工具提取成文档.
自定义注解
注解分类(根据Annotation是否包含成员变量,可以把Annotation分为两类):
标记Annotation:
没有成员变量的Annotation; 这种Annotation仅利用自身的存在与否来提供信息元数据Annotation:
包含成员变量的Annotation; 它们可以接受(和提供)更多的元数据;
如何自定义注解?
使用@interface关键字, 其定义过程与定义接口非常类似, 需要注意的是:
Annotation的成员变量在Annotation定义中是以无参的方法形式来声明的, 其方法名和返回值类型定义了该成员变量的名字和类型,
而且我们还可以使用default关键字为这个成员变量设定默认值;
2.自定义注解基本案例
案例一
- //pom.xml
- "1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-
"http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" - xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
-
4.0.0 -
-
org.example -
zljzyssm -
1.0-SNAPSHOT -
war -
-
zljzyssm Maven Webapp -
-
http://www.example.com -
-
UTF-8 -
1.8 -
1.8 -
3.7.0 -
-
-
5.0.2.RELEASE -
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3.4.5 -
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5.1.44 -
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5.1.2 -
-
1.3.1 -
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2.1.1 -
2.4.3 -
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2.9.1 -
3.2.0 -
1.7.13 -
-
4.12 -
4.0.0 -
1.18.2 -
1.1.0 -
2.10.0 -
2.9.0 -
1.7.1.RELEASE -
2.9.3 -
1.2 -
1.1.2 -
8.0.47 -
1.3.3 -
5.0.2.Final -
1.3.2 -
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-
-
-
org.springframework -
spring-core -
${spring.version} -
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org.springframework -
spring-beans -
${spring.version} -
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-
org.springframework -
spring-context -
${spring.version} -
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-
org.springframework -
spring-orm -
${spring.version} -
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-
org.springframework -
spring-tx -
${spring.version} -
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-
org.springframework -
spring-aspects -
${spring.version} -
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-
org.springframework -
spring-web -
${spring.version} -
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-
org.springframework -
spring-test -
${spring.version} -
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-
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org.mybatis -
mybatis -
${mybatis.version} -
-
-
-
mysql -
mysql-connector-java -
${mysql.version} -
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-
-
com.github.pagehelper -
pagehelper -
${pagehelper.version} -
-
-
-
org.mybatis -
mybatis-spring -
${mybatis.spring.version} -
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-
org.springframework -
spring-context-support -
${spring.version} -
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-
-
org.mybatis.caches -
mybatis-ehcache -
${mybatis.ehcache.version} -
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-
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net.sf.ehcache -
ehcache -
${ehcache.version} -
-
-
redis.clients -
jedis -
${redis.version} -
-
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org.springframework.data -
spring-data-redis -
${redis.spring.version} -
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com.fasterxml.jackson.core -
jackson-databind -
${jackson.version} -
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com.fasterxml.jackson.core -
jackson-core -
${jackson.version} -
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com.fasterxml.jackson.core -
jackson-annotations -
${jackson.version} -
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-
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org.apache.commons -
commons-dbcp2 -
${commons.dbcp2.version} -
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commons-pool2 -
org.apache.commons -
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-
-
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org.apache.commons -
commons-pool2 -
${commons.pool2.version} -
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-
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org.springframework -
spring-webmvc -
${spring.version} -
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org.slf4j -
slf4j-api -
${slf4j.version} -
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org.slf4j -
jcl-over-slf4j -
${slf4j.version} -
runtime -
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-
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org.apache.logging.log4j -
log4j-api -
${log4j2.version} -
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org.apache.logging.log4j -
log4j-core -
${log4j2.version} -
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-
-
org.apache.logging.log4j -
log4j-slf4j-impl -
${log4j2.version} -
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-
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org.apache.logging.log4j -
log4j-web -
${log4j2.version} -
runtime -
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-
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com.lmax -
disruptor -
${log4j2.disruptor.version} -
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junit -
junit -
${junit.version} -
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-
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javax.servlet -
javax.servlet-api -
${servlet.version} -
provided -
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org.projectlombok -
lombok -
${lombok.version} -
provided -
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jstl -
jstl -
${jstl.version} -
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taglibs -
standard -
${standard.version} -
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org.apache.tomcat -
tomcat-jsp-api -
${tomcat-jsp-api.version} -
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commons-fileupload -
commons-fileupload -
${commons-fileupload.version} -
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org.hibernate -
hibernate-validator -
${hibernate-validator.version} -
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-
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org.apache.shiro -
shiro-core -
${shiro.version} -
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org.apache.shiro -
shiro-web -
${shiro.version} -
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org.apache.shiro -
shiro-spring -
${shiro.version} -
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zljzyssm -
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src/main/java -
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**/*.xml -
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src/main/resources -
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jdbc.properties -
*.xml -
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org.apache.maven.plugins -
maven-compiler-plugin -
${maven.compiler.plugin.version} -
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${maven.compiler.target} -
${project.build.sourceEncoding} -
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org.mybatis.generator -
mybatis-generator-maven-plugin -
1.3.2 -
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mysql -
mysql-connector-java -
${mysql.version} -
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true -
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- package com.zlj.annotation.demo1;
-
- public enum TranscationModel {
- Read, Write, ReadWrite;
- private String name;
- private Integer id;
- public void init1(){
- Read.id=1;
- Read.name="zs";
- }
- public void init2(){
- Write.id=2;
- Write.name="ls";
- }
- public void init3(){
- ReadWrite.id=3;
- ReadWrite.name="ww";
- }
- }
- package com.zlj.annotation.demo1;
-
- import java.lang.annotation.*;
-
- /**
- * MyAnnotation1注解可以用在类、接口、属性、方法上
- * 注解运行期也保留
- * 不可继承
- */
- @Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.FIELD,ElementType.METHOD})
- @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
- @Documented
- public @interface MyAnnotation1 {
- String name();
- }
- package com.zlj.annotation.demo1;
-
- import java.lang.annotation.*;
-
- /**
- * MyAnnotation2注解可以用在方法上
- * 注解运行期也保留
- * 不可继承
- */
- @Target(ElementType.METHOD)
- @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
- @Documented
- public @interface MyAnnotation2 {
- TranscationModel model() default TranscationModel.ReadWrite;
- }
- package com.zlj.annotation.demo1;
-
- import java.lang.annotation.*;
-
- /**
- * MyAnnotation3注解可以用在方法上
- * 注解运行期也保留
- * 可继承
- */
- @Target(ElementType.METHOD)
- @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
- @Inherited //继承使用时需要该注解,否则读取不到该继承的注解及属性
- @Documented
- public @interface MyAnnotation3 {
- TranscationModel[] models() default TranscationModel.ReadWrite;
- }
- package com.zlj.annotation;
-
- import com.zlj.annotation.demo1.TranscationModel;
-
- /**
- * @author zlj
- * @create 2023-09-14 19:32
- */
- public class Test1 {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- System.out.println(TranscationModel.Read);
- System.out.println(TranscationModel.Write);
- System.out.println(TranscationModel.ReadWrite);
- }
- }
- package com.zlj.annotation;
-
- import com.zlj.annotation.demo1.MyAnnotation1;
- import com.zlj.annotation.demo1.MyAnnotation2;
- import com.zlj.annotation.demo1.MyAnnotation3;
- import com.zlj.annotation.demo1.TranscationModel;
-
- /**
- *
- * 获取类与方法上的注解值
- */
- @MyAnnotation1(name = "abc")
- public class Demo1 {
-
- @MyAnnotation1(name = "xyz")
- private Integer age;
-
- @MyAnnotation2(model = TranscationModel.Read)
- public void list() {
- System.out.println("list");
- }
-
- @MyAnnotation3(models = {TranscationModel.Read, TranscationModel.Write})
- public void edit() {
- System.out.println("edit");
- }
- }
- package com.zlj.annotation;
-
- import com.zlj.annotation.demo1.MyAnnotation1;
- import com.zlj.annotation.demo1.MyAnnotation2;
- import com.zlj.annotation.demo1.MyAnnotation3;
- import com.zlj.annotation.demo1.TranscationModel;
- import org.junit.Test;
-
- /**
- * @site www.javaxl.com
- */
- public class Demo1Test {
- @Test
- public void list() throws Exception {
- // 获取类上的注解
- MyAnnotation1 annotation1 = Demo1.class.getAnnotation(MyAnnotation1.class);
- System.out.println(annotation1.name());//abc
-
- // 获取方法上的注解
- MyAnnotation2 myAnnotation2 = Demo1.class.getMethod("list").getAnnotation(MyAnnotation2.class);
- System.out.println(myAnnotation2.model());//Read
-
- // 获取属性上的注解
- MyAnnotation1 myAnnotation1 = Demo1.class.getDeclaredField("age").getAnnotation(MyAnnotation1.class);
- System.out.println(myAnnotation1.name());// xyz
- }
-
- @Test
- public void edit() throws Exception {
- MyAnnotation3 myAnnotation3 = Demo1.class.getMethod("edit").getAnnotation(MyAnnotation3.class);
- for (TranscationModel model : myAnnotation3.models()) {
- System.out.println(model);//Read,Write
- }
- }
- }
案例二
- package com.zlj.annotation.demo2;
-
- /**
- * @site www.javaxl.com
- *
- * 获取类属性上的注解属性值
- */
- public class Demo2 {
- @TestAnnotation(value = "这就是value对应的值_msg1", what = "这就是what对应的值_msg1")
- private static String msg1;
-
- //当没有在注解中指定属性名,那么就是value
- @TestAnnotation("这就是value对应的值1")
- private static String msg2;
-
- @TestAnnotation(value = "这就是value对应的值2")
- private static String msg3;
-
- @TestAnnotation(what = "这就是what对应的值")
- private static String msg4;
- }
- package com.zlj.annotation.demo2;
-
- import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
- import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
- import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
- import java.lang.annotation.Target;
-
- /**
- * @site www.javaxl.com
- */
- //@Retention(RetentionPolicy.SOURCE)
- @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
- @Target(ElementType.FIELD)
- public @interface TestAnnotation {
- String value() default "默认value值";
-
- String what() default "这里是默认的what属性对应的值";
- }
- package com.zlj.annotation.demo2;
-
- import org.junit.Test;
-
- /**
- * @site www.javaxl.com
- */
- public class Demo2Test {
- @Test
- public void test1() throws Exception {
- TestAnnotation msg1 = Demo2.class.getDeclaredField("msg1").getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.class);
- System.out.println(msg1.value());
- System.out.println(msg1.what());
- }
-
- @Test
- public void test2() throws Exception{
- TestAnnotation msg2 = Demo2.class.getDeclaredField("msg2").getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.class);
- System.out.println(msg2.value());
- System.out.println(msg2.what());
- }
-
- @Test
- public void test3() throws Exception{
- TestAnnotation msg3 = Demo2.class.getDeclaredField("msg3").getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.class);
- System.out.println(msg3.value());
- System.out.println(msg3.what());
- }
-
- @Test
- public void test4() throws Exception{
- TestAnnotation msg4 = Demo2.class.getDeclaredField("msg4").getAnnotation(TestAnnotation.class);
- System.out.println(msg4.value());
- System.out.println(msg4.what());
- }
- }
总结:在Demo2中如果指定了value和what值,那么在DemoTest2运行结果就是Demo2里的value和what值;
在Demo2中如果没有在注解中指定属性名,那么就是value,在DemoTest2运行结果就是Demo2的value值和TestAnnotation里的what值;
在Demo2中如果只指定了value值,在DemoTest2运行结果也是Demo2的value值和TestAnnotation里的what值;
在Demo2中如果只指定了what值,在DemoTest2运行结果就是TestAnnotation里的value值和Demo2的what值;
方案三
- package com.zlj.annotation.demo3;
-
- import java.lang.annotation.*;
-
- /**
- * @author zlj
- * @site www.javaxl.com
- *
- * 非空注解:使用在方法的参数上,false表示此参数可以为空,true不能为空
- */
- @Documented
- @Target({ElementType.PARAMETER})
- @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
- public @interface IsNotNull {
- boolean value() default false;
- }
- package com.zlj.annotation.demo3;
-
- /**
- * @author zlj
- * @site www.javaxl.com
- *
- * 获取参数修饰注解对应的属性值
- */
- public class Demo3 {
-
- public void hello1(@IsNotNull(true) String name) {
- System.out.println("hello:" + name);
- }
-
- public void hello2(@IsNotNull String name) {
- System.out.println("hello:" + name);
- }
- }
- package com.zlj.annotation.demo3;
-
- import org.junit.Test;
-
- import java.lang.reflect.Method;
- import java.lang.reflect.Parameter;
-
-
- /**
- * @author zlj
- * @site www.javaxl.com
- */
- public class Demo3Test {
-
- @Test
- public void hello1() throws Exception {
- Demo3 demo3 = new Demo3();
- for (Parameter parameter : demo3.getClass().getMethod("hello1", String.class).getParameters()) {
- IsNotNull annotation = parameter.getAnnotation(IsNotNull.class);
- if(annotation != null){
- System.out.println(annotation.value());//true
- }
- }
- }
-
- @Test
- public void hello2() throws Exception {
- Demo3 demo3 = new Demo3();
- for (Parameter parameter : demo3.getClass().getMethod("hello2", String.class).getParameters()) {
- IsNotNull annotation = parameter.getAnnotation(IsNotNull.class);
- if(annotation != null){
- System.out.println(annotation.value());//false
- }
- }
- }
-
- @Test
- public void hello3() throws Exception {
- // 模拟浏览器传递到后台的参数 解读@requestParam
- String name = "zs";
- Demo3 demo3 = new Demo3();
- Method method = demo3.getClass().getMethod("hello1", String.class);
- for (Parameter parameter : method.getParameters()) {
- IsNotNull annotation = parameter.getAnnotation(IsNotNull.class);
- if(annotation != null){
- System.out.println(annotation.value());//true
- if (annotation.value() && !"".equals(name)){
- method.invoke(demo3,name);
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
注解案例知识点:
1.获取类,方法,属性,修饰参数上的注解
2.关于注解上的value属性设置值是可以省略的
3.Inhereted案例演示,体现类上面的注解的继承性
4.default值的使用
3.aop自定义注解
- package com.zlj.annotation.aop;
-
- import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
- import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
- import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
- import java.lang.annotation.Target;
-
- /**
- * @author zlj
- * @site www.javaxl.com
- */
- @Target(ElementType.METHOD)
- @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
- public @interface MyLog {
- String desc();
- }
- package com.zlj.web;
-
- import com.zlj.annotation.aop.MyLog;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
-
- /**
- * @author zlj
- * @site www.javaxl.com
- */
- @Controller
- public class LogController {
- @RequestMapping("/mylog")
- @MyLog(desc = "这是结合spring aop知识,讲解自定义注解应用的一个案例")
- public void testLogAspect(){
- System.out.println("这里随便来点啥");
- }
- }
- package com.zlj.aspect;
-
- import com.zlj.annotation.aop.MyLog;
- import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
- import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
- import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
- import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
- import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature;
- import org.slf4j.Logger;
- import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
-
- /**
- * @author zlj
- * @site www.javaxl.com
- */
- @Component
- @Aspect
- public class MyLogAspect {
- private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyLogAspect.class);
-
- /**
- * 只要用到了com.javaxl.p2.annotation.springAop.MyLog这个注解的,就是目标类
- * * *..Biz. *pager(..)
- * execution
- */
- @Pointcut("@annotation(com.zlj.annotation.aop.MyLog)")
- private void MyValid() {
- }
-
- @Before("MyValid()")
- public void before(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
- MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature();
- logger.debug("[" + signature.getName() + " : start.....]");
- System.out.println("[" + signature.getName() + " : start.....]");
-
- MyLog myLog = signature.getMethod().getAnnotation(MyLog.class);
- logger.debug("【目标对象方法被调用时候产生的日志,记录到日志表中】:"+myLog.desc());
- System.out.println("【目标对象方法被调用时候产生的日志,记录到日志表中】:" + myLog.desc());
- }
- }