@RequestMapping("/submit/{documentId}")
public String submit1(@PathVariable String documentId) throws ParseException {
//将要发送的数据转换为json格式字符串
Map<String,Object> map = task2Service.getMap(documentId);
String jsonStr = JSON.toJSONString(map,SerializerFeature.WRITE_MAP_NULL_FEATURES,SerializerFeature.QuoteFieldNames);
JSONObject jsonObject = JSON.parseObject(jsonStr);
JSONObject sr = task2Service.doPost(jsonObject);
return sr.toString();
}
使用原生的httpClient调用外部接口
public static JSONObject doPost(JSONObject date){
String assessToken="eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJ4ZGFwYXBwaWQiOiIzNDgxMjU4ODk2OTI2OTY1NzYiLCJleHAiOjE2NjEyMjY5MDgsImlhdCI6MTY2MTIxOTcwOCwieGRhcHRlbmFudGlkIjoiMzAwOTgxNjA1MTE0MDUyNjA5IiwieGRhcHVzZXJpZCI6IjEwMDM0NzY2MzU4MzM1OTc5NTIwMCJ9.fZAO4kJSv2rSH0RBiL1zghdko8Npmu_9ufo6Wex_TI2q9gsiLp7XaW7U9Cu7uewEOaX4DTdpbFmMPvLUtcj_sQ";
CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault();
//需要调用的接口url
String url = "http://39.103.201.110:30661 /xdap-open/open/process/v1/submit";
HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url);
JSONObject jsonObject = null;
try{
//创建请求体并添加数据
StringEntity s = new StringEntity(data.toString());
//此处相当于在header里头添加content-type等参数
s.setContentType("application/json");
s.setContentEncoding("UTF-8");
post.setEntity(s);
//此处相当于在Authorization里头添加Bear token参数信息
post.addHeader("Authorization", "Bearer " +assessToken);
HttpResponse res = client.execute(post);
String response1 = EntityUtils.toString(res.getEntity());
if (res.getStatusLine()
.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
// 返回json格式:
String result = EntityUtils.toString(res.getEntity());
jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(result);
}
}catch(Exception e){
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
return jsonObject;
}
使用了map转String,使用了JSON,这里引入JSON包
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba.fastjson2groupId>
<artifactId>fastjson2artifactId>
<version>2.0.25version>
dependency>
服务端代码
@RestController
public class SysUserController {
@PostMapping(value = "/sysUser/saveUser")
public String saveUser(@RequestBody Map map) {
return "人员新增成功";
}
@GetMapping(value = "/sysUser/getSysUserById")
public String getSysUserById(String userId) {
return "郭郭";
}
}
public class TestHttpClient{
@Test
public void doGet() throws IOException{
//创建httpClient实例
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
//创建Http请求
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://127.0.0.1:8094/masterdata/sysUser/getSysUserById?userId=郭郭");
//发送请求并获取响应数据
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
//处理响应数据
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
//关闭HttpClient和response
response.close();
httpClient.close();
}
@Test
public void doPost() throws IOException {
//步骤一:创建httpClient实例
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
//步骤二:创建HTTP请求
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://127.0.0.1:8094/masterdata/sysUser/saveUser");
//步骤三:设置请求体数据,使用JSON格式
Map map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("name", "郭郭");
String requestBody = JSON.toJSONString(map);
StringEntity stringEntity = new StringEntity(requestBody, "UTF-8");
stringEntity.setContentType("application/json");
httpPost.setEntity(stringEntity);
//步骤四:发送请求并获取响应数据
CloseableHttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
//步骤五:处理响应数据
HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();
String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
//步骤五:关闭httpClient和response
response.close();
httpClient.close();
}
}
get请求
提供了getForObject、getForEntity两种方式,其中getForEntity如下三种方法的实现:
Get–getForEntity,存在以下两种方式重载
getForEntity(Stringurl,Class responseType,Object…urlVariables)
getForEntity(URI url,Class responseType)
Get–getForEntity(URI url,Class responseType)
//该方法使用URI对象来替代之前的url和urlVariables参数来指定访问地址和参数绑定。URI是JDK java.net包下的一个类,表示一个统一资源标识符(Uniform Resource Identifier)引用。参考如下:
RestTemplate restTemplate=new RestTemplate();
UriComponents
uriComponents=UriComponentsBuilder.fromUriString("http://USER-SERVICE/user?name={name}")
.build()
.expand("dodo")
.encode();
URI uri=uriComponents.toUri();
ResponseEntityresponseEntity=restTemplate.getForEntity(uri,String.class).getBody();
Get–getForEntity(Stringurl,Class responseType,Object…urlVariables)
//该方法提供了三个参数,其中url为请求的地址,responseType为请求响应body的包装类型,urlVariables为url中的参数绑定,该方法的参考调用如下:
// http://USER-SERVICE/user?name={name)
RestTemplate restTemplate=new RestTemplate();
Mapparams=new HashMap<>();
params.put("name","dada"); //
ResponseEntityresponseEntity=restTemplate.getForEntity("http://USERSERVICE/user?name={name}",String.class,params);
Get–getForObject,存在以下三种方式重载
getForObject(String url,Class responseType,Object...urlVariables)
getForObject(String url,Class responseType,Map urlVariables)
getForObject(URI url,Class responseType)
getForObject方法可以理解为对getForEntity的进一步封装,它通过HttpMessageConverterExtractor对HTTP的请求响应体body内容进行对象转换,实现请求直接返回包装好的对象内容。
Post请求
Post请求提供有postForEntity、postForObject和postForLocation三种方式,其中每种方式都有三种方法,下面介绍postForEntity的使用方法。
Post–postForEntity,存在以下三种方式重载
postForEntity(String url,Object request,Class responseType,Object... uriVariables)
postForEntity(String url,Object request,Class responseType,Map uriVariables)
postForEntity(URI url,Object request,Class responseType)
/**
第二种重载方式
*/
@PostMapping("/submit2")
public Object insertFinanceCompensation(@RequestBody JSONObject jsonObject) {
String documentId=jsonObject.get("documentId").toString();
return task2Service.submit(documentId);
}
public String submit(String documentId){
String assessToken="eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJ4ZGFwYXBwaWQiOiIzNDgxMjU4ODk2OTI2OTY1NzYiLCJleHAiOjE2NjEyMjY5MDgsImlhdCI6MTY2MTIxOTcwOCwieGRhcHRlbmFudGlkIjoiMzAwOTgxNjA1MTE0MDUyNjA5IiwieGRhcHVzZXJpZCI6IjEwMDM0NzY2MzU4MzM1OTc5NTIwMCJ9.fZAO4kJSv2rSH0RBiL1zghdko8Npmu_9ufo6Wex_TI2q9gsiLp7XaW7U9Cu7uewEOaX4DTdpbFmMPvLUtcj_sQ";
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
//创建请求头
HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
//此处相当于在Authorization里头添加Bear token参数信息
httpHeaders.add(HttpHeaders.AUTHORIZATION, "Bearer " + assessToken);
//此处相当于在header里头添加content-type等参数
httpHeaders.add(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE,"application/json");
Map<String, Object> map = getMap(documentId);
String jsonStr = JSON.toJSONString(map);
//创建请求体并添加数据
HttpEntity<Map> httpEntity = new HttpEntity<Map>(map, httpHeaders);
String url = "http://39.103.201.110:30661/xdap-open/open/process/v1/submit";
ResponseEntity<String> forEntity = restTemplate.postForEntity(url,httpEntity,String.class);//此处三个参数分别是请求地址、请求体以及返回参数类型
return forEntity.toString();
}
①、引入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
dependency>
虽然SpringBoot会自动的装配很多常见的bean,但是RestTemplate,我们需要显示的配置它。
②、RestTemplateConfig配置类
@Configuration
public class RestTemplateConfig{
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate(ClientHttpRequestFactory factory){
return RestTemplate(factory)
}
@Bean
public ClientHttpRequestFactory simpleClientHttpRequestFactory(){
SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory();
factory.setReadTimeout(5000);
factory.setConnectTimeout(5000);
return factory;
}
}
③、测试
@RestController
public class TestRestTemplate{
@Resource
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@GetMapping(value="/saveUser")
public void saveUser(String userId){
String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8094/masterdata/sysUser/saveUser";
//参数赋值
Map map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("name","jordan");
/**
还可以通过HttpHeader增加一些请求头的属性,例如请求头格式,或者一些需要用户认证的信息
HttpHeaders httpHeaders = new HttpHeaders();
httpHeaders.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
HttpEntity httpEntity = new HttpEntity(map, httpHeaders);
String results = restTemplate.postForObject(url, httpEntity, String.class);
*/
String results = restTemplate.postForObject(url, map, String.class);
}
}
外部接口
@RestController
public class SysUserController{
@PostMapping(value="/sysUser/saveUser")
public String saveUser(@RequestBody Map map){
return "人员新增成功";
}
}
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feignartifactId>
<version>1.2.2.RELEASEversion>
dependency>
启动类上加上@EnableFeignClients
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
@ComponentScan(basePackages = {"com.definesys.mpaas", "com.xdap.*" ,"com.xdap.*"})
public class MobilecardApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MobilecardApplication.class, args);
}
}
定义Controller
@Autowired
PrintService printService;
@PostMapping("/outSide")
public String test(@RequestBody TestDto testDto) {
return printService.print(testDto);
}
Service接口以及实现类
@Service
public interface PrintService {
public String print(TestDto testDto);
}
public class PrintServiceImpl implements PrintService {
@Override
public String print(TestDto testDto) {
return "模拟外部系统的接口功能"+testDto.getId();
}
}
构建Feigin的Service
//此处name需要设置不为空,url需要在.properties中设置
@Service
@FeignClient(url = "${outSide.url}", name = "service2")
public interface FeignService2 {
@RequestMapping(value = "/custom/outSide", method = RequestMethod.POST)
@ResponseBody
public String getMessage(@Valid @RequestBody TestDto testDto);
}
定义Controller
@Autowired
FeignService2 feignService2;
//测试feign调用外部接口入口
@PostMapping("/test2")
public String test2(@RequestBody TestDto testDto) {
return feignService2.getMessage(testDto);
}
Postman进行测试
将token等信息放入Feign请求头中,主要通过重写RequestInterceptor的apply方法实现
定义config
@Configuration
public class FeignConfig implements RequestInterceptor {
@Override
public void apply(RequestTemplate requestTemplate) {
//添加token
requestTemplate.header("token", "eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJ4ZGFwYXBwaWQiOiIzNDgxMjU4ODk2OTI2OTY1NzYiLCJleHAiOjE2NjEyMjY5MDgsImlhdCI6MTY2MTIxOTcwOCwieGRhcHRlbmFudGlkIjoiMzAwOTgxNjA1MTE0MDUyNjA5IiwieGRhcHVzZXJpZCI6IjEwMDM0NzY2MzU4MzM1OTc5NTIwMCJ9.fZAO4kJSv2rSH0RBiL1zghdko8Npmu_9ufo6Wex_TI2q9gsiLp7XaW7U9Cu7uewEOaX4DTdpbFmMPvLUtcj_sQ");
}
}
定义Service
@Service
@FeignClient(url = "${outSide.url}",name = "feignServer", configuration = FeignDemoConfig.class)
public interface TokenDemoClient {
@RequestMapping(value = "/custom/outSideAddToken", method = RequestMethod.POST)
@ResponseBody
public String getMessage(@Valid @RequestBody TestDto testDto);
}
定义controller
//测试feign调用外部接口入口,加上token
@PostMapping("/testToken")
public String test4(@RequestBody TestDto testDto) {
return tokenDemoClient.getMessage(testDto);
}
①、依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeignartifactId>
dependency>
②、启动类添加@EnableFeignClients
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
public class DemoApplication{
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(DemoApplication.class, args);
}
}
③、编写Feign客户端
@FeignClient(name="masterdata",url="${masterdata-service-url}")
public interface ISysUserClient{
@GetMapping(value="/masterdata/getSysUserById")
public Map getSysUserById(@RequetParam("userId") String userId);
}
@FeignClient注解的常用属性说明:
RestTemplate有可能在未来的版本中被弃用,所谓替代RestTemplate,在Spring5中引入了WebClient作为异步的非阻塞、响应式的HTTP客户端。
①、引入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webfluxartifactId>
dependency>
②、服务提供者
@RestController
public class SysUserController{
@PostMapping(value="/sysUser/saveUser")
public String saveUser(@RequestBody Map map){
return "人员新增成功";
}
@GetMapping(value="/sysUser/getSysUserById")
public String getSysUserById(String userId){
return "jordan";
}
}
③、WebClient
public class TestWebClient{
@Test
public void doGet(){
String userId = "jordan";
String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8094/masterdata/sysUser/getSysUserById?userId={userId}"
Mono<String> mono = WebClient.create() //创建WebClient实例
.get()
.uri(url,userId)
.retrieve() //获取响应结果
.bodyToMono(String.class); //将结果转换为指定类型
System.out.println("响应结果:" + mono.block());
}
@Test
public void doPost(){
Map map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("name","jordan");
//接口入参是一个Map,但是需要转换为JSON格式传递,这是因为WebClient默认是使用JSON序列化的
String requestBody = JSON.toJSONString(map);
String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8094/masterdata/sysUser/saveUser";
Mono<String> mono = WebClient.create()
.post()
.uri(url)
.contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON) //指定请求的Content-Type为JSON
.bodyValue(requestBody) //使用bodyValue方法传递请求体
.retrieve()
.bodyToMono(String.class);
//返回最终结果:block是阻塞的/subscribe()非阻塞式获取响应结果
System.out.println("响应结果:" + mono.block());
}
}
HttpURLConnection 是 Java 自带的一个 HTTP 客户端工具,可以发送 HTTP 请求和接收 HTTP 响应。
服务提供:
@RestController
public class SysUserController {
@PostMapping(value = "/sysUser/saveUser")
public String saveUser(@RequestBody Map map) {
return "人员新增成功";
}
@GetMapping(value = "/sysUser/getSysUserById")
public String getSysUserById(String userId) {
return "郭郭";
}
}
public class TestHttpURLConnection{
@Test
public void doGet() throws IOException{
String userId = "郭郭"; // 参数值
userId = URLEncoder.encode(userId, "UTF-8"); // 对参数值进行URL编码
//步骤一:创建URL对象
URL url = new URL("http://127.0.0.1:8094/masterdata/sysUser/getSysUserById?userId=" + userId);
//步骤二:打开连接
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
//步骤三:设置请求方式
conn.setRequestMethod("GET");
//步骤四:读取响应内容
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
sb.append(line);
}
reader.close();
System.out.println(sb.toString());
}
@Test
public void doPost() throws IOException{
//创建URL对象
URL url = new URL("http://127.0.0.1:8094/masterdata/sysUser/saveUser");
//打开连接
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
//设置请求方式
conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
// 设置请求头
conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/json");
//启用输出流
conn.setDoOutput(true);
//设置请求体数据
Map map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("name", "郭郭");
String requestBody = JSON.toJSONString(map);
//发送请求体数据
try (DataOutputStream outputStream = new DataOutputStream(conn.getOutputStream())) {
outputStream.write(requestBody.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));
}
//读取响应内容
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(conn.getInputStream()));
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
String line;
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
sb.append(line);
}
reader.close();
System.out.println(sb.toString());
}
}
doPost请求比doGet请求多了一些逻辑,比如我们设置了conn.setDoOutPut,这用于启动输出流。
为什么要设置conn.setDoOutPut呢?
当您发送HTTP POST请求时,通常需要将数据发送到服务器,这些数据包含在请求体中。通过调用 setDoOutput(true),您告诉连接对象您将使用输出流来发送数据,这样它会准备好接受输出流,并将数据发送到服务器。这是发送POST请求体数据所必需的步骤。
另一方面,对于HTTP GET请求,通常不需要发送请求体数据,因此不需要设置 setDoOutput(true)。
而post请求的入参,我们是放入DataOutputStream进行传递,这里我们使用try语句块来包裹DataOutputStream,是因为DataOutputStream实现了AutoCloseable接口,因此它会在try块结束的时候自动关闭。
我们介绍了HttpURLConnection,还有一种调用方式是URLConnection,它们是什么关系呢?
通过查看源码,我们不难发现,HttpURLConnection继承自URLConnection,是它的一个子类,而HttpURLConnection专门用于处理HTTP协议的连接,如果需要处理其他协议,我们可以考虑使用通用的URLConnection。
OkHttp是一款高效的HTTP客户端框架,经过优化,具有低内存占有和出色的性能。
①、引入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>com.squareup.okhttp3groupId>
<artifactId>okhttpartifactId>
<version>4.0.0version>
dependency>
②、代码
public class TestOkHttp {
@Test
public void doGet() throws IOException {
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8094/masterdata/sysUser/getSysUserById?userId=郭郭";
Request request = new Request.Builder().url(url).build();
try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
ResponseBody body = response.body();
System.out.println(body.string());
}
}
@Test
public void doPost() throws IOException{
OkHttpClient client = new OkHttpClient();
String url = "http://127.0.0.1:8094/masterdata/sysUser/saveUser";
MediaType mediaType = MediaType.get("application/json; charset=utf-8");
//requestBody请求入参
Map map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("name", "郭郭");
RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(mediaType, JSON.toJSONString(map));
Request request = new Request.Builder()
.url(url)
.post(requestBody)
.build();
try (Response response = client.newCall(request).execute()) {
ResponseBody body = response.body();
System.out.println(body.string());
}
}
}
AsyncHttpClient是一个支持异步HTTP请求的开源库,用于非阻塞I/O操作,适用于需要高并发,非阻塞的应用。
①、引入依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>org.asynchttpclientgroupId>
<artifactId>async-http-clientartifactId>
<version>2.12.3version>
dependency>
②、代码
我们看到doGet、doPost方法都使用了try代码块,对AsyncHttpClient进行包裹,同理因为继承了AutoCloseable,为了自动调用close关闭功能。
public class TestAsyncHttpClient {
@Test
public void doGet() throws IOException {
try (AsyncHttpClient client = new DefaultAsyncHttpClient();) {
BoundRequestBuilder requestBuilder = client.prepareGet("http://127.0.0.1:8094/masterdata/sysUser/getSysUserById?userId=郭郭");
CompletableFuture<String> future = requestBuilder.execute()
.toCompletableFuture()
.thenApply(Response::getResponseBody);
//使用join等待响应完成
String responseBody = future.join();
System.out.println(responseBody);
}
}
@Test
public void doPost() throws IOException {
try (AsyncHttpClient client = new DefaultAsyncHttpClient();) {
BoundRequestBuilder requestBuilder = client.preparePost("http://127.0.0.1:8094/masterdata/sysUser/saveUser");
//requestBody请求入参
Map map = new HashMap<>();
map.put("name", "郭郭");
String requestBody = JSON.toJSONString(map);
requestBuilder.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/json");
requestBuilder.setBody(requestBody);
CompletableFuture<String> future = requestBuilder.execute()
.toCompletableFuture()
.thenApply(Response::getResponseBody);
//使用join等待响应完成
String responseBody = future.join();
System.out.println(responseBody);
}
}
}