• 容器中的nginx暴露一个端口部署多个功能的网站


    随着容器的应用越来越多,将nginx部署在容器中也是常有之事。可能事先创建容器时只暴露了一个端口给浏览器连接,后面又想根据添加多个应用,根据URL的不同来访问不同的应用。比如在暴露了主机的83端口给nginx容器的80端口,原来只有一个文件服务器,使用IP:83/files/来访问,现在可能需要再添加一个网页服务器,使用IP:83/docs/来访问。

    这里就介绍一下如何搭建。这里文件服务器做一个nginx文件服务器美化autoindex显示一样的,然后再做一个网页类的,比如博客,文档之类的站点。

    一、创建nginx容器

    sudo podman run -itd -p 83:80 --name nginx nginx:latest
    
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    如果不加sudo,可能会出现:

    Error: rootlessport cannot expose privileged port 83, you can add 'net.ipv4.ip_unprivileged_port_start=83' to /etc/sysctl.conf (currently 1024), or choose a larger port number (>= 1024): listen tcp 0.0.0.0:83: bind: permission denied
    
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    运行成功后,使用下面的命令进入nginx容器:

    sudo podman exec -it nginx /bin/bash
    
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    二、配置nginx

    nginx配置/etc/nginx/目录下,需要修改的是nginx.conf以及在conf.d目录下修改或者添加自己的配置。
    /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf文件是默认就有的,不过要做一些修改,它是整个nginx服务器的入口配置,它负责根据URL访问不同的应用。下面给出整个文件内容:

    server {
        listen       80;
        listen  [::]:80;
        server_name  localhost;
        charset utf-8;
    
        #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;
    
        server_name_in_redirect off;
        proxy_set_header Host $host:$server_port;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_connect_timeout 180000;
        proxy_send_timeout 180000;
        proxy_read_timeout 180000;
    
        location /docs {
            proxy_pass http://docs/;
            #proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:82; 这里不能使用这种方式,因为是在容器中,只暴露了一个80端口给外部。
        }
        location /files {
            proxy_pass http://files/;
        }
    
        # error_page  404              /404.html;
    
        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        }
    }
    
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    /etc/nginx/conf.d/files.conf是需要自己创建的,主要是用于文件服务器,内容如下:

    server {
        listen       83;
        listen  [::]:83;
        server_name  localhost;
        charset utf-8;
    
        #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;
    
        add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains; preload";
        add_header cache-control "no-cache";
        add_header access-control-allow-origin "*";
        add_header referrer-policy "no-referrer";
        add_header x-content-type-options nosniff;
        add_header x-xss-protection "1; mode=block";
        add_header x-frame-options sameorigin;
    
        location = /autoindex.html {
            root   /html/files;
        }
    
        location / {
            root   /home/nginx/files;
            autoindex   on;
            autoindex_exact_size off;
            autoindex_localtime on;
            add_after_body /autoindex.html;
        }
    
        location ~ \.(dis|md|ini|log|pac|keys|lua|json|yaml|toml|conf|cmd|sh|bash|h|c|cpp|hpp|py|go|service)$ {
            root /home/nginx/files;
            default_type text/plain;
        }
    
        #error_page  404              /404.html;
    
        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        }
    }
    
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    /etc/nginx/conf.d/docs.conf也是需要自己创建的,主要是用于网页服务器,内容如下:

    server {
        listen       82;
        listen  [::]:82;
        server_name  localhost;
        charset utf-8;
    
        #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;
    
        location / {
            index  index.html index.htm;
            root   /home/nginx/docs;
        }
    
        #error_page  404              /404.html;
    
        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
        }
    }
    
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    /etc/nginx/nginx.conf文件中需要添加upstream来指定内部服务,全部内容如下:

    user  nginx;
    worker_processes  auto;
    
    error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log notice;
    pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;
    
    
    events {
        worker_connections  1024;
    }
    
    
    http {
        include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
        default_type  application/octet-stream;
    
        log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                          '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                          '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
    
        access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
    
        sendfile        on;
        #tcp_nopush     on;
    
        keepalive_timeout  65;
    
        #gzip  on;
        
        upstream docs{
            server 127.0.0.1:82;
        }
    
        upstream files{
            server 127.0.0.1:83;
        }
    
        include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    }
    
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    三、网页服务器

    根据/etc/nginx/conf.d/docs.conf配置:

    location / {
            index  index.html index.htm;
            root   /home/nginx/docs;
        }
    
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    只需要把整个网站的内容放到/home/nginx/docs目录下即可。

    在这里插入图片描述

    四、文件服务器

    文件服务器前面写过nginx文件服务器美化autoindex显示,里面有一个autoindex.html文件,为了方便扩展,把autoindex.html单独放在一个目录,比如/html/files/下,如果想再加一个文件服务器,比如更新服,可以创建一个/html/files/update,里面放一个autoindex.html,这样不会相互干扰。
    可以看到/etc/nginx/conf.d/files.conf文件中

    location = /autoindex.html {
            root   /html/files;
        }
    
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    配置的就是这个目录。

    nginx文件服务器美化autoindex显示,一文介绍的是使用URL的根目录,而这里只是一个子路径,所以为了正确访问文件,需要做一些修改。

    autoindex.html 全部内容如下:

    <script>
    var marked_js = 'https://lf26-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/marked/4.0.2/marked.min.js'
    var github_markdown_css = 'https://lf6-cdn-tos.bytecdntp.com/cdn/expire-1-M/github-markdown-css/5.1.0/github-markdown-light.min.css'
    !function(){
    		// 这里只需要根据URL不同设置为不同的路径即可
            var website_rootURI = origin + "/files"
            var website_rootURL = website_rootURI + "/"
            
            var website_title = ''
            var max_name_length = 60
            var datetime_format = '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M'
            var enable_readme_md = true
            var enable_footer_js = true
    
            var dom = {
                    element: null,
                    get: function (o) {
                            var obj = Object.create(this)
                            obj.element = (typeof o == "object") ? o : document.createElement(o)
                            return obj
                    },
                    add: function (o) {
                            var obj = dom.get(o)
                            this.element.appendChild(obj.element)
                            return obj
                    },
                    text: function (t) {
                            this.element.appendChild(document.createTextNode(t))
                            return this
                    },
                    html: function (s) {
                            this.element.innerHTML = s
                            return this
                    },
                    attr: function (k, v) {
                            this.element.setAttribute(k, v)
                            return this
                    }
            }
    
            head = dom.get(document.head)
            head.add('meta').attr('charset', 'utf-8')
            head.add('meta').attr('name', 'viewport').attr('content', 'width=device-width,initial-scale=1')
    
            if (!document.title) {
                    document.write(["
    \"container\">", "

    nginx.conf

    "
    , "", "
    "
    ].join("\n")) return } var bodylines = document.body.innerHTML.split('\n') document.body.innerHTML = '' titlehtml = document.title.replace(/\/$/, '').split('/').slice(1).reduce(function(acc, v, i, a) { return acc + '(0, i+1).join('/') + '/">' + v + '/' }, ''">Index of /') if (website_title) { document.title = website_title + ' - ' + document.title } head.add('meta').attr('name', 'description').attr('content', document.title) div = dom.get('div').attr('class', 'container') div.add('table').add('tbody').add('tr').add('th').html(titlehtml) tbody = div.add('table').attr('class', 'table-hover').add('tbody') names = ['Name', 'Date', 'Size'] thead = tbody.add('tr') for (i = 0; i < names.length; i++) thead.add('td').add('a').attr('href', 'javascript:sortby('+i+')').attr('class', 'octicon arrow-up').text(names[i]); thead.add('td').attr('class', 'octicon').text('preview'); var insert = function(filename, datetime, size) { if (/\/$/.test(filename)) { css = 'file-directory' size = '' } else if (/\.(zip|7z|bz2|gz|tar|tgz|tbz2|xz|cab)$/.test(filename)) { css = 'file-zip' } else if (/\.(py|js|php|pl|rb|sh|bash|lua|sql|go|rs|java|c|h|cpp|cxx|hpp)$/.test(filename)) { css = 'file-code' } else if (/\.(jpg|png|bmp|gif|ico|webp)$/.test(filename)) { css = 'file-media' } else if (/\.(flv|mp4|mkv|avi|mkv|vp9)$/.test(filename)) { css = 'device-camera-video' } else { css = 'file' } displayname = decodeURIComponent(filename.replace(/\/$/, '')) if (displayname.length > max_name_length) displayname = displayname.substring(0, max_name_length-3) + '..>'; if (!isNaN(Date.parse(datetime))) { d = new Date(datetime) pad = function (s) {return s < 10 ? '0' + s : s} mon = function (m) {return ['Jan','Feb','Mar','Apr','May','Jun','Jul','Aug','Sep','Oct','Nov','Dec'][m]} datetime = datetime_format .replace('%Y', d.getFullYear()) .replace('%m', pad(d.getMonth()+1)) .replace('%d', pad(d.getDate())) .replace('%H', pad(d.getHours())) .replace('%M', pad(d.getMinutes())) .replace('%S', pad(d.getSeconds())) .replace('%b', mon(d.getMonth())) } tr = tbody.add('tr') if (filename == "../" && (document.URL == website_rootURI || document.URL == website_rootURL)){ tr.add('td').add('a').attr('class', 'octicon ' + css).attr('href', website_rootURL).text(displayname) } else if (document.URL.endsWith('/')) { tr.add('td').add('a').attr('class', 'octicon ' + css).attr('href', document.URL+filename).text(displayname) }else{ tr.add('td').add('a').attr('class', 'octicon ' + css).attr('href', document.URL+"/"+filename).text(displayname) } tr.add('td').text(datetime) tr.add('td').text(size) if (/\.(md)$/.test(filename)) { tr.add('td').add('input').attr('type', 'button').attr('value','preview').attr('onclick', 'onPreview("' + filename +'")').attr('id', filename) } else { tr.add('td') } } var readme = '', footer = '' insert('../', '', '-') for (var i in bodylines) { if (m = /\s*<a href="(.+?)">(.+?)<\/a>\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s*/.exec(bodylines[i])) { filename = m[1] datetime = m[3] + ' ' + m[4] size = m[5] insert(filename, datetime, size) switch (filename.toLowerCase()) { case 'readme.md': readme = filename break case 'footer.js': footer = filename break } } } document.documentElement.lang = navigator.language document.body.appendChild(div.element) if (enable_readme_md && readme !== '') { tbody = div.add('table').add('tbody'); tbody.add('tr').add('th').attr('class', 'octicon octicon-book').text(readme) tbody.add('tr').add('td').add('div').attr('id', 'readme').attr('class', 'markdown-body') xhr = new XMLHttpRequest() xhr.open('GET', location.pathname.replace(/[^/]+$/, '')+readme, true) xhr.onload = function() { if (xhr.status < 200 && xhr.status >= 400) return wait = function (name, callback) { var interval = 10; // ms window.setTimeout(function() { if (window[name]) { callback(window[name]) } else { window.setTimeout(arguments.callee, interval) } }, interval) } wait('marked', function() { document.getElementById("readme").innerHTML = marked.parse(xhr.responseText) }) } xhr.send() div.add('script').attr('src', marked_js) div.add('link').attr('rel', 'stylesheet').attr('href', github_markdown_css) } if (enable_footer_js && footer !== '') { div.add('script').attr('src', footer) } }() function onPreview(filename) { myWindow=window.open('','_blank',''); myWindow.document.write("
    ); myWindow.document.title=filename ele = myWindow.document.getElementById("markdown") xhr = new XMLHttpRequest() xhr.open('GET', location.pathname.replace(/[^/]+$/, '')+filename, true) xhr.onload = function() { if (xhr.status < 200 && xhr.status >= 400) return wait = function (name, callback) { var interval = 10; // ms window.setTimeout(function() { if (window[name]) { callback(window[name]) } else { window.setTimeout(arguments.callee, interval) } }, interval) } wait('marked', function() { myWindow.document.getElementById("markdown").innerHTML = marked.parse(xhr.responseText) }) } xhr.send() div.add('script').attr('src', marked_js) div.add('link').attr('rel', 'stylesheet').attr('href', github_markdown_css) myWindow.focus(); } function sortby(index) { rows = document.getElementsByClassName('table-hover')[0].rows link = rows[0].getElementsByTagName('a')[index] arrow = link.className == 'octicon arrow-down' ? 1 : -1 link.className = 'octicon arrow-' + (arrow == 1 ? 'up' : 'down'); [].slice.call(rows).slice(2).map(function (e, i) { type = e.getElementsByTagName('a')[0].className == 'octicon file-directory' ? 0 : 1 text = e.getElementsByTagName('td')[index].innerText if (index === 0) { value = text } else if (index === 1) { value = new Date(text).getTime() } else if (index === 2) { m = {'G':1024*1024*1024, 'M':1024*1024, 'K':1024} value = parseInt(text || 0) * (m[text[text.search(/[KMG]B?$/)]] || 1) } return {type: type, value: value, index: i, html: e.innerHTML} }).sort(function (a, b) { if (a.type != b.type) return a.type - b.type if (a.value != b.value) return a.value < b.value ? -arrow : arrow return a.index < b.index ? -arrow : arrow }).forEach(function (e, i) { rows[2+i].innerHTML = e.html }) } </script> <style> body { margin: 0; font-family: "ubuntu", "Tahoma", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, Serif; } .container { padding-right: 15px; padding-left: 15px; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; } @media (min-width: 768px) { .container { max-width: 750px; } } @media (min-width: 992px) { .container { max-width: 970px; } } @media (min-width: 1200px) { .container { max-width: 1170px; } } table { width: 100%; max-width: 100%; margin-bottom: 20px; border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 0; border-collapse: collapse; } table th { font-size: 14px; } table tr { border: 1px solid #ddd; padding: 5px; } table tr:nth-child(odd) { background: #f9f9f9 } table th, table td { border: 1px solid #ddd; font-size: 14px; line-height: 20px; padding: 3px; text-align: left; } a { color: #337ab7; text-decoration: none; } a:hover, a:focus { color: #2a6496; text-decoration: underline; } table.table-hover > tbody > tr:hover > td, table.table-hover > tbody > tr:hover > th { background-color: #f5f5f5; } .markdown-body { float: left; font-family: "ubuntu", "Tahoma", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, Serif; } /* octicons */ .octicon { background-position: center left; background-repeat: no-repeat; padding-left: 16px; } .file { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='12' height='16' viewBox='0 0 12 16'%3E%3Cpath d='M6 5L2 5 2 4 6 4 6 5 6 5ZM2 8L9 8 9 7 2 7 2 8 2 8ZM2 10L9 10 9 9 2 9 2 10 2 10ZM2 12L9 12 9 11 2 11 2 12 2 12ZM12 4.5L12 14C12 14.6 11.6 15 11 15L1 15C0.5 15 0 14.6 0 14L0 2C0 1.5 0.5 1 1 1L8.5 1 12 4.5 12 4.5ZM11 5L8 2 1 2 1 14 11 14 11 5 11 5Z' fill='%237D94AE'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } .file-directory { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='14' height='16' viewBox='0 0 14 16'%3E%3Cpath d='M13 4L7 4 7 3C7 2.3 6.7 2 6 2L1 2C0.5 2 0 2.5 0 3L0 13C0 13.6 0.5 14 1 14L13 14C13.6 14 14 13.6 14 13L14 5C14 4.5 13.6 4 13 4L13 4ZM6 4L1 4 1 3 6 3 6 4 6 4Z' fill='%237D94AE'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } .file-zip { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='12' height='16' viewBox='0 0 12 16'%3E%3Cpath d='M8.5 1L1 1C0.4 1 0 1.4 0 2L0 14C0 14.6 0.4 15 1 15L11 15C11.6 15 12 14.6 12 14L12 4.5 8.5 1ZM11 14L1 14 1 2 4 2 4 3 5 3 5 2 8 2 11 5 11 14 11 14ZM5 4L5 3 6 3 6 4 5 4 5 4ZM4 4L5 4 5 5 4 5 4 4 4 4ZM5 6L5 5 6 5 6 6 5 6 5 6ZM4 6L5 6 5 7 4 7 4 6 4 6ZM5 8L5 7 6 7 6 8 5 8 5 8ZM4 9.3C3.4 9.6 3 10.3 3 11L3 12 7 12 7 11C7 9.9 6.1 9 5 9L5 8 4 8 4 9.3 4 9.3ZM6 10L6 11 4 11 4 10 6 10 6 10Z' fill='%237D94AE'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } .file-code { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='12' height='16' viewBox='0 0 12 16'%3E%3Cpath d='M8.5,1 L1,1 C0.45,1 0,1.45 0,2 L0,14 C0,14.55 0.45,15 1,15 L11,15 C11.55,15 12,14.55 12,14 L12,4.5 L8.5,1 L8.5,1 Z M11,14 L1,14 L1,2 L8,2 L11,5 L11,14 L11,14 Z M5,6.98 L3.5,8.5 L5,10 L4.5,11 L2,8.5 L4.5,6 L5,6.98 L5,6.98 Z M7.5,6 L10,8.5 L7.5,11 L7,10.02 L8.5,8.5 L7,7 L7.5,6 L7.5,6 Z' fill='%237D94AE' /%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } .file-media { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='12' height='16' viewBox='0 0 12 16'%3E%3Cpath d='M6 5L8 5 8 7 6 7 6 5 6 5ZM12 4.5L12 14C12 14.6 11.6 15 11 15L1 15C0.5 15 0 14.6 0 14L0 2C0 1.5 0.5 1 1 1L8.5 1 12 4.5 12 4.5ZM11 5L8 2 1 2 1 13 4 8 6 12 8 10 11 13 11 5 11 5Z' fill='%237D94AE'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } .device-camera-video { background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='16' height='16' viewBox='0 0 16 16'%3E%3Cpath d='M15.2,2.09 L10,5.72 L10,3 C10,2.45 9.55,2 9,2 L1,2 C0.45,2 0,2.45 0,3 L0,12 C0,12.55 0.45,13 1,13 L9,13 C9.55,13 10,12.55 10,12 L10,9.28 L15.2,12.91 C15.53,13.14 16,12.91 16,12.5 L16,2.5 C16,2.09 15.53,1.86 15.2,2.09 L15.2,2.09 Z' fill='%237D94AE' /%3E%3C/svg%3E"); } .octicon-book { padding-left: 20px; background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf8,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='16' height='16' viewBox='0 0 16 16'%3E%3Cpath d='M3,5 L7,5 L7,6 L3,6 L3,5 L3,5 Z M3,8 L7,8 L7,7 L3,7 L3,8 L3,8 Z M3,10 L7,10 L7,9 L3,9 L3,10 L3,10 Z M14,5 L10,5 L10,6 L14,6 L14,5 L14,5 Z M14,7 L10,7 L10,8 L14,8 L14,7 L14,7 Z M14,9 L10,9 L10,10 L14,10 L14,9 L14,9 Z M16,3 L16,12 C16,12.55 15.55,13 15,13 L9.5,13 L8.5,14 L7.5,13 L2,13 C1.45,13 1,12.55 1,12 L1,3 C1,2.45 1.45,2 2,2 L7.5,2 L8.5,3 L9.5,2 L15,2 C15.55,2 16,2.45 16,3 L16,3 Z M8,3.5 L7.5,3 L2,3 L2,12 L8,12 L8,3.5 L8,3.5 Z M15,3 L9.5,3 L9,3.5 L9,12 L15,12 L15,3 L15,3 Z' /%3E%3C/svg%3E"); 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    这样文件服务器就大功告成了!

    在这里插入图片描述

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  • 原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/witton/article/details/132901179