Ansible-roles学习

一.roles角色介绍

roles能够根据层次型结构自动装载变量文件，tasks以及handlers登。要使用roles只需在playbook中使用include指令即可。roles就是通过分别将变量，文件，任务，模块以及处理器放置于单独的目录中，并可以便捷的include他们的一种机制。角色一般用于基于主机构建服务的场景中，但是也可以用于构建守护进程等场景中。

ROLES目录结构

二.示例

一.安装httpd服务

1.创建目录

[root@tdm1 ~]# cd /etc/ansible/roles/
# 创建需要用到的目录
[root@tdm1 roles]# mkdir -p httpd/{handlers,tasks,templates,vars}
[root@tdm1 roles]# cd httpd/
[root@tdm1 httpd]# tree .
.
├── handlers
├── tasks
├── templates
└── vars

4 directories, 0 file
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2.准备变量文件

[root@tdm1 httpd]# vim vars/main.yml
PORT: 8088        #指定httpd监听的端口
USERNAME: www     #指定httpd运行用户
GROUPNAME: www    #指定httpd运行组
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3.配置文件模板

# copy一个本地的配置文件放在templates/下并已j2为后缀
[root@ansible httpd]# cp /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf templates/httpd.conf.j2

# 找到一下几个参数，进行一些修改，调用上面定义的变量
[root@tdm1 httpd]# vim templates/httpd.conf.j2
Listen {{ PORT }} 
User {{ USERNAME }}
Group {{ GROUPNAME }}
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4.编写任务剧本，创建用户，创建组，安装软件，配置，启动登

# 创建组的task
[root@tdm1 httpd]# vim tasks/group.yml
- name: Create a Startup Group
  group: 
    name: www 
    gid: 60 
    system: yes

# 创建用户的task
[root@tdm1 httpd]# vim tasks/user.yml
- name: Create Startup Users
  user: 
    name: www 
    uid: 60 
    system: yes 
    shell: /sbin/nologin

# 安装软件的task
[root@tdm1 httpd]# vim tasks/install.yml
- name: Install Package Httpd
  yum: 
    name: httpd 
    state: installed

# 配置软件的task
[root@tdm1 httpd]# vim tasks/config.yml
- name: Copy Httpd Template File
  template: 
    src: httpd.conf.j2 
    dest: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
  notify: Restart Httpd

# 启动软件的task
[root@tmd1 httpd]# vim tasks/start.yml
- name: Start Httpd Service
  service: 
    name: httpd 
    state: started 
    enabled: yes

# 编写main.yml，将上面的这些task引入进来
[root@tdm1 httpd]# vim tasks/main.yml
- include: group.yml
- include: user.yml
- include: install.yml
- include: config.yml
- include: start.ym
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5.编写handlers

[root@tdm1 httpd]# vim handlers/main.yml
# 这里的名字需要和task中的notify保持一致
- name: Restart Httpd
  service: 
  name: httpd 
  state: restarted
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6.编写yml文件调用httpd角色

[root@tdm1 httpd]# cd ..
[root@tdm1 roles]# vim httpd_roles.yml
---
- hosts: all
  remote_user: root
  roles:
    - role: httpd        #指定角色名称
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7.查看整个目录

[root@tdm1 roles]# tree
.
└── httpd
    ├── handlers
    │   └── main.yml
    ├── httpd_roles.yml
    ├── tasks
    │   ├── config.yml
    │   ├── group.yml
    │   ├── install.yml
    │   ├── main.yml
    │   ├── start.yml
    │   └── user.yml
    ├── templates
    │   └── httpd.conf.j2
    └── vars
        └── main.yml

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8.测试playbook语法是否正确

[root@tdm1 roles]# ll
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 6 root root 4096 Sep  6 14:13 httpd
[root@tdm1 roles]# ansible-playbook httpd/httpd_roles.yml  -C

PLAY [web] *************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************************************ok: [47.93.98.117]

TASK [httpd : create group] ********************************************************************************************changed: [47.93.98.117]

TASK [httpd : create user] *********************************************************************************************changed: [47.93.98.117]

TASK [install httpd] ***************************************************************************************************ok: [47.93.98.117]

TASK [httpd : configure template file] *********************************************************************************changed: [47.93.98.117]

TASK [start httpd] *****************************************************************************************************changed: [47.93.98.117]

RUNNING HANDLER [restart httpd] ****************************************************************************************changed: [47.93.98.117]

PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************************************47.93.98.117               : ok=7    changed=5    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0  
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9.执行剧本

[root@tdm1 httpd]# ansible-playbook httpd_roles.yml 

PLAY [web] *************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************************************ok: [47.93.98.117]

TASK [httpd : create group] ********************************************************************************************ok: [47.93.98.117]

TASK [httpd : create user] *********************************************************************************************ok: [47.93.98.117]

TASK [install httpd] ***************************************************************************************************ok: [47.93.98.117]

TASK [httpd : configure template file] *********************************************************************************changed: [47.93.98.117]

TASK [start httpd] *****************************************************************************************************changed: [47.93.98.117]

RUNNING HANDLER [restart httpd] ****************************************************************************************changed: [47.93.98.117]

PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************************************47.93.98.117               : ok=7    changed=3    unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=0    rescued=0    ignored=0
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