本章节我们将学习如何使用版本控制系统 Maven 来管理一个基于 web 的项目,如何创建、构建、部署已经运行一个 web 应用。
我们可以使用 maven-archetype-webapp 插件来创建一个简单的 Java web 应用。
打开命令控制台,进入到 C:\MVN 文件夹,然后执行以下的 mvn 命令:
C:\MVN>mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.companyname.automobile -DartifactId=trucks -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp -DinteractiveMode=false
执行完后 Maven 将开始处理,并且创建完整的于Java Web 项目的目录结构。
- [INFO] Scanning for projects...
- [INFO] Searching repository for plugin with prefix: 'archetype'.
- [INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
- [INFO] Building Maven Default Project
- [INFO] task-segment: [archetype:generate] (aggregator-style)
- [INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
- [INFO] Preparing archetype:generate
- [INFO] No goals needed for project - skipping
- [INFO] [archetype:generate {execution: default-cli}]
- [INFO] Generating project in Batch mode
- [INFO] --------------------------------------------------------------------
- [INFO] Using following parameters for creating project
- from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-webapp:1.0
- [INFO] --------------------------------------------------------------------
- [INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.companyname.automobile
- [INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.companyname.automobile
- [INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.companyname.automobile
- [INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: trucks
- [INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: C:\MVN
- [INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
- [INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: C:\MVN\trucks
- [INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
- [INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
- [INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
- [INFO] Total time: 16 seconds
- [INFO] Finished at: Tue Jul 17 11:00:00 IST 2012
- [INFO] Final Memory: 20M/89M
- [INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
执行完后,我们可以在 C:/MVN 文件夹下看到 trucks 项目,查看项目的目录结构:
Maven 目录结构是标准的,各个目录作用如下表所示:
文件夹结构 | 描述 |
---|---|
trucks | 包含 src 文件夹和 pom.xml 文件。 |
src/main/webapp | 包含 index.jsp 文件和 WEB-INF 文件夹. |
src/main/webapp/WEB-INF | 包含 web.xml 文件 |
src/main/resources | 包含图片、properties资源文件。 |
pom.xml 文件代码如下:
- <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
- xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
- http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
- <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
- <groupId>com.companyname.automobile</groupId>
- <artifactId>trucks</artifactId>
- <packaging>war</packaging>
- <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
- <name>trucks Maven Webapp</name>
- <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
- <dependencies>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>junit</groupId>
- <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
- <version>3.8.1</version>
- <scope>test</scope>
- </dependency>
- </dependencies>
- <build>
- <finalName>trucks</finalName>
- </build>
- </project>
接下来我们打开 C:\ > MVN > trucks > src > main > webapp > 文件夹,可以看到一个已经创建好的 index.jsp 文件,代码如下:
- <html>
- <body>
- <h2>Hello World!</h2>
- </body>
- </html>
打开命令控制台,进入 C:\MVN\trucks 目录,然后执行下面的以下 mvn 命令:
C:\MVN\trucks>mvn clean package
Maven 将开始构建项目:
- [INFO] Scanning for projects...
- [INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
- [INFO] Building trucks Maven Webapp
- [INFO] task-segment: [clean, package]
- [INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
- [INFO] [clean:clean {execution: default-clean}]
- [INFO] [resources:resources {execution: default-resources}]
- [WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to
- copy filtered resources,i.e. build is platform dependent!
- [INFO] Copying 0 resource
- [INFO] [compiler:compile {execution: default-compile}]
- [INFO] No sources to compile
- [INFO] [resources:testResources {execution: default-testResources}]
- [WARNING] Using platform encoding (Cp1252 actually) to
- copy filtered resources,i.e. build is platform dependent!
- [INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory
- C:\MVN\trucks\src\test\resources
- [INFO] [compiler:testCompile {execution: default-testCompile}]
- [INFO] No sources to compile
- [INFO] [surefire:test {execution: default-test}]
- [INFO] No tests to run.
- [INFO] [war:war {execution: default-war}]
- [INFO] Packaging webapp
- [INFO] Assembling webapp[trucks] in [C:\MVN\trucks\target\trucks]
- [INFO] Processing war project
- [INFO] Copying webapp resources[C:\MVN\trucks\src\main\webapp]
- [INFO] Webapp assembled in[77 msecs]
- [INFO] Building war: C:\MVN\trucks\target\trucks.war
- [INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
- [INFO] BUILD SUCCESSFUL
- [INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
- [INFO] Total time: 3 seconds
- [INFO] Finished at: Tue Jul 17 11:22:45 IST 2012
- [INFO] Final Memory: 11M/85M
- [INFO] -------------------------------------------------------------------
打开 C:\ < MVN < trucks < target < 文件夹,找到 trucks.war 文件,并复制到你的 web 服务器的 web 应用目录,然后重启 web 服务器。
访问以下 URL 运行 web 应用:
http://:/trucks/index.jsp
验证结果: