分布式配置nacos搭建踩坑指南(下)

  上一篇介绍了在配置nacos中的碰到的坑，这一篇介绍一下如何正确进行nacos的环境搭建和配置，所以本文分为两部分，第一部分为环境搭建，介绍如何安装和运行。第二部分为alibaba Sprint Boot配置，介绍如何正确配置。

  注意：本文基于nacos 2.2.0,alibaba Spring Boot 2.6.11，eclipse,操作系统为windows.

 

                                       一.环境搭建

 

  1.下载nacos

   在github上下载nacos的windows安装文件,网址为：https://github.com/alibaba/nacos/releases，这里选择2.2.0下载,选择.zip格式的即可，入下所示：

 

2.运行nacos

  解压下载回来的zip文件至D盘，进入bin文件夹，运行：.\startup.cmd -m standalone 启动nacos,如果看到" Nacos started successfully in stand alone mode. use embedded storage",恭喜！运行成功！如下所示：

 

 

 

3.登录配置界面：

 在浏览器中访问：http://localhost:8848/nacos/，用户名和密码都是nacos,即可进入后台配置页面，如下所示：

 

 

 

 

 第二部分 Spring Boot配置

1.下载alibaba Spring Boot脚手架

  访问https://start.aliyun.com/bootstrap.html，Group输入：com.alibaba.cloud,Artifact:nacos-config-sample,组件选择：Nacos Configuration,Spring Web,Spring Boot Actuator,同时需要引入Spring Cloud下的Cloud Bootstrap。这个在阿里巴巴出版的电子书<>中没有介绍。如果没有引入Cloud Bootstrap，在eclipse中运行后必报错,截图如下：

  

 

 

 下面是完整的pom.xml文件：

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xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"     xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">     <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion>     <parent>         <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>         <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId>         <version>2.6.11version>         <relativePath/>     parent>     <groupId>com.alibaba.cloudgroupId>     <artifactId>nacos-config-sampleartifactId>     <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOTversion>     <name>nacos-config-samplename>     <description>Demo project for Spring Bootdescription>       <properties>         <java.version>1.8java.version>         <spring-cloud-alibaba.version>2021.0.4.0spring-cloud-alibaba.version>         <spring-cloud.version>2021.0.4spring-cloud.version>     properties>       <dependencies>     <dependency>     <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>     <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-bootstrapartifactId> dependency>           <dependency>             <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuatorartifactId>         dependency>         <dependency>             <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>         dependency>         <dependency>             <groupId>com.alibaba.cloudgroupId>             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-configartifactId>         dependency>         <dependency>             <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>             <artifactId>spring-cloud-starterartifactId>         dependency>           <dependency>             <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>             <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-testartifactId>             <scope>testscope>         dependency>     dependencies>       <dependencyManagement>         <dependencies>             <dependency>                 <groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>                 <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependenciesartifactId>                 <version>${spring-cloud.version}version>                 <type>pomtype>                 <scope>importscope>             dependency>             <dependency>                 <groupId>com.alibaba.cloudgroupId>                 <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependenciesartifactId>                 <version>${spring-cloud-alibaba.version}version>                 <type>pomtype>                 <scope>importscope>             dependency>         dependencies>     dependencyManagement>       <build>         <plugins>             <plugin>                 <groupId>org.apache.maven.pluginsgroupId>                 <artifactId>maven-compiler-pluginartifactId>                 <version>3.8.1version>                 <configuration>                     <source>1.8source>                     <target>1.8target>                     <encoding>UTF-8encoding>                 configuration>             plugin>             <plugin>                 <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>                 <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-pluginartifactId>             plugin>         plugins>     build>   project>

　　

2.配置namespace

  访问http://localhost:8848/nacos/，在后台新建一个名为testnamespace的namespace,记住它的id:bd1caf11-e4f1-4dd0-9a4b-2c32041c64e2，待会在spring boot配置中要用到，如下所示：

3.配置Properties

在配置管理中，我们选择刚才新建的testnamespace命名空间,在这个下面创建配置，新增一个data id为：nacos-config-sample.properties 的配置，配置格式选择properties.注意,data id的格式为{spring boot 应用名}.properties,两边必须要一致，否则报错！如下所示：

 

4.配置Spring Boot:

1)配置bootstrap.properties

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spring.cloud.nacos.config.username=nacos spring.cloud.nacos.config.password=nacos spring.cloud.nacos.config.contextPath=/nacos spring.cloud.nacos.config.server-addr=localhost:8848 spring.cloud.nacos.config.namespace=bd1caf11-e4f1-4dd0-9a4b-2c32041c64e2 spring.cloud.nacos.config.extension-configs[0].data-id=nacos-config-sample.properties spring.cloud.nacos.config.extension-configs[0].refresh=true

 

 注意spring.cloud.nacos.config.namespace=bd1caf11-e4f1-4dd0-9a4b-2c32041c64e2，这个namespace就是上面新建命名空间的id.

 

 2)配置application.properties

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spring.application.name=nacos-config-sample server.port=8080 management.server.port=8081 management.endpoints.jmx.exposure.include=* management.endpoints.web.exposure.include=* management.endpoint.health.show-details=always

　　

3)新建实体类

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package com.alibaba.cloud.nacosconfigsample;   import com.alibaba.nacos.api.config.annotation.*;   import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties; import org.springframework.cloud.context.config.annotation.RefreshScope; import org.springframework.cloud.context.scope.*;     @RefreshScope //@ConfigurationProperties(prefix="user") public class User {          private String name;     private int age;           public String getName() {         return name;               }           public void setName(String name) {         this.name=name;               }           public int getAge() {         return this.age;               }           public void setAge(int age) {         this.age=age;               }       }

　　

 4）Spring boot启动类 

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package com.alibaba.cloud.nacosconfigsample;   import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.EnableConfigurationProperties; import org.springframework.cloud.context.config.annotation.RefreshScope; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import com.alibaba.nacos.api.config.annotation.*; import org.springframework.cloud.context.config.annotation.RefreshScope; import javax.annotation.*;   @RestController @SpringBootApplication @RefreshScope //@EnableConfigurationProperties(User.class) public class NacosConfigSampleApplication {             @Value("${user.name}") //import org.springframework.cloud.context.config.annotation.RefreshScope;     private String userName;           @Value("${user.age}")     private int age;           @PostConstruct     public void init() {                   System.out.printf("[init] user age is: %s",userName);     }       //  @Autowired //  private User user;           @RequestMapping("/user")     public String user() {                   return  "user :"+userName;     //return user.getName();     }           @PreDestroy     public void destroy() {                   System.out.printf("[destroy] user age : %s ",userName);     }                 public static void main(String[] args) {         SpringApplication.run(NacosConfigSampleApplication.class, args);     }   }

 

 

5)修改配置中的user.的name，在spring boot中观察是否更新