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docker镜像管理
docker镜像管理
镜像结构和原理
镜像就是创建容器的模版，含有容器启动所需要的文件系统及所需要的内容，因此镜像主要用于方便和快速创建启动容器
镜像结构：
一个典型的 Linux文件系统由 bootfs 和 rootfs 两部分组成
bootfs(boot file system) 主要包含bootloader和kernel，bootloader主要用于引导加载 kernel，Linux
刚启动时会加载bootfs文件系统,当boot加载完成后,kernel 被加载到内存中后接管系统的控制权,bootfs
会被 umount 掉
rootfs (root file system) 包含的就是典型 Linux 系统中的/dev，/proc，/bin，/etc 等标准目录和文件，
不同的 linux 发行版（如 ubuntu 和 CentOS ) 主要在 rootfs 这一层会有所区别。
一般的镜像通常都比较小，官方提供的Ubuntu镜像只有60MB多点，而 CentOS 基础镜像也只有200MB
左右，一些其他版本的镜像甚至只有几MB，比如: busybox 才1.22MB，alpine镜像也只有5M左右。镜
像直接调用宿主机的内核，镜像中只提供 rootfs，也就是只需要包括最基本的命令,配置文件和程序库等
相关文件就可以了。
查看镜像的分层结构
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull nginx Using default tag: latest Trying to pull repository docker.io/library/nginx ... latest: Pulling from docker.io/library/nginx a603fa5e3b41: Pull complete c39e1cda007e: Pull complete 90cfefba34d7: Pull complete a38226fb7aba: Pull complete 62583498bae6: Pull complete 9802a2cfdb8d: Pull complete Digest: sha256:e209ac2f37c70c1e0e9873a5f7231e91dcd83fdf1178d8ed36c2ec09974210ba Status: Downloaded newer image for docker.io/nginx:latest [root@localhost ~]# docker image history nginx IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT 88736fe82739 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["nginx" "-g" "daem... 0 B <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) STOPSIGNAL SIGQUIT 0 B <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) EXPOSE 80 0 B <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENTRYPOINT ["/docker-en... 0 B <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:e57eef017a414c... 4.62 kB <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:abbcbf84dc17ee... 1.27 kB <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:5c182727343494... 2.12 kB <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) COPY file:7b307b62e82255... 1.62 kB <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c set -x && addgroup --system... 61.2 MB <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV PKG_RELEASE=1~bullseye 0 B <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NJS_VERSION=0.7.7 0 B <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ENV NGINX_VERSION=1.23.2 0 B <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL maintainer=NGINX ... 0 B <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["bash"] 0 B <missing> 2 weeks ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:d08e242792caa7f... 80.5 MB [root@localhost ~]# docker inspect nginx [ { "Id": "sha256:88736fe827391462a4db99252117f136b2b25d1d31719006326a437bb40cb12d", "RepoTags": [ "docker.io/nginx:latest" ], "RepoDigests": [ "docker.io/nginx@sha256:e209ac2f37c70c1e0e9873a5f7231e91dcd83fdf1178d8ed36c2ec09974210ba" ], "Parent": "", "Comment": "", "Created": "2022-11-15T13:14:32.170016733Z", "Container": "ef7ac270db8490100ca29b63b039f34d8bc4e9d0bc5b4a7bb986d8086cffce16", "ContainerConfig": { "Hostname": "ef7ac270db84", "Domainname": "", "User": "", "AttachStdin": false, "AttachStdout": false, "AttachStderr": false, "ExposedPorts": { "80/tcp": {} }, "Tty": false, "OpenStdin": false, "StdinOnce": false, "Env": [ "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin", "NGINX_VERSION=1.23.2", "NJS_VERSION=0.7.7", "PKG_RELEASE=1~bullseye" ], "Cmd": [ "/bin/sh", "-c", "#(nop) ", "CMD [\"nginx\" \"-g\" \"daemon off;\"]" ], "Image": "sha256:60dafcaed78a384237ed956c07eed39793b5f8862195323929417177e3ee9fa7", "Volumes": null, "WorkingDir": "", "Entrypoint": [ "/docker-entrypoint.sh" ], "OnBuild": null, "Labels": { "maintainer": "NGINX Docker Maintainers- 1
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搜索查找镜像
1.官方网站搜索
官网: http://hub.docker.com
2.命令行搜索
Usage: docker search [OPTIONS] TERM Options: -f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided --format string Pretty-print search using a Go template --limit int Max number of search results (default 25) --no-trunc Don't truncate output 说明: OFFICIAL: 官方 AUTOMATED: 使用第三方docker服务来帮助编译镜像，可以在互联网上面直接拉取到镜像，减少了繁琐的 编译过程- 1
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[root@localhost ~]# docker search nginx INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED docker.io docker.io/nginx Official build of Nginx. 17780 [OK] docker.io docker.io/linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by Linu... 182 docker.io docker.io/bitnami/nginx Bitnami nginx Docker Image 146 [OK] docker.io docker.io/ubuntu/nginx Nginx, a high-performance reverse proxy & ... 69 docker.io docker.io/bitnami/nginx-ingress-controller Bitnami Docker Image for NGINX Ingress Con... 22 [OK] docker.io docker.io/rancher/nginx-ingress-controller 11 docker.io docker.io/ibmcom/nginx-ingress-controller Docker Image for IBM Cloud Private-CE (Com... 4 docker.io docker.io/kasmweb/nginx An Nginx image based off nginx:alpine and ... 4 docker.io docker.io/bitnami/nginx-exporter 3 docker.io docker.io/bitnami/nginx-ldap-auth-daemon 3 docker.io docker.io/circleci/nginx This image is for internal use 2 docker.io docker.io/rancher/nginx 2 docker.io docker.io/rancher/nginx-ingress-controller-defaultbackend 2 docker.io docker.io/rapidfort/nginx RapidFort optimized, hardened image for NGINX 2 docker.io docker.io/vmware/nginx 2 docker.io docker.io/bitnami/nginx-intel 1 docker.io docker.io/vmware/nginx-photon 1 docker.io docker.io/wallarm/nginx-ingress-controller Kubernetes Ingress Controller with Wallarm... 1 docker.io docker.io/continuumio/nginx-ingress-ws 0 docker.io docker.io/ibmcom/nginx-ingress-controller-ppc64le Docker Image for IBM Cloud Private-CE (Com... 0 docker.io docker.io/ibmcom/nginx-ppc64le Docker image for nginx-ppc64le 0 docker.io docker.io/rancher/nginx-conf 0 docker.io docker.io/rancher/nginx-ssl 0 docker.io docker.io/rapidfort/nginx-ib RapidFort optimized, hardened image for NG... 0 docker.io docker.io/rapidfort/nginx-official RapidFort optimized, hardened image for NG... 0 ########################## #搜索点赞100或者50以上的镜像 [root@localhost ~]# docker search --filter=stars=100 centos INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED docker.io docker.io/centos DEPRECATED; The official build of CentOS. 7422 [OK] [root@localhost ~]# docker search --filter=stars=100 centos INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED docker.io docker.io/centos DEPRECATED; The official build of CentOS. 7422 [OK] [root@localhost ~]# docker search --filter=stars=50 centos INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED docker.io docker.io/centos DEPRECATED; The official build of CentOS. 7422 [OK] [root@localhost ~]# docker search --filter=stars=50 nginx INDEX NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED docker.io docker.io/nginx Official build of Nginx. 17780 [OK] docker.io docker.io/linuxserver/nginx An Nginx container, brought to you by Linu... 182 docker.io docker.io/bitnami/nginx Bitnami nginx Docker Image 146 [OK] docker.io docker.io/ubuntu/nginx Nginx, a high-performance reverse proxy & ... 69- 1
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镜像加速器配置
浏览器打开http://cr.console.aliyun.com，登录阿里云账号，点击镜像工具----镜像加速器
查看本地镜像
格式：
docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]] 常用选项: -q, --quiet Only show numeric IDs -a, --all Show all images (default hides intermediate images) --digests Show digests --no-trunc Don't truncate output- 1
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执行结果的显示信息说明
REPOSITORY #镜像所属的仓库名称 TAG #镜像版本号（标识符），默认为latest IMAGE ID #镜像唯一ID标识,如果ID相同,说明是同一个镜像有多个名称 CREATED #镜像创建时间 VIRTUAL SIZE #镜像的大小- 1
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例：
[root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE docker.io/nginx latest 88736fe82739 2 weeks ago 142 MB [root@localhost ~]# docker images -q 88736fe82739 [root@localhost ~]# docker images -a REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE docker.io/nginx latest 88736fe82739 2 weeks ago 142 MB #显示完整的imageid [root@localhost ~]# docker images --no-trunc REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE docker.io/nginx latest sha256:88736fe827391462a4db99252117f136b2b25d1d31719006326a437bb40cb12d 2 weeks ago 142 MB #查看指定repository的镜像 [root@localhost ~]# docker images tomcat REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE docker.io/tomcat latest 1ca69d1bf49a 2 weeks ago 474 MB ##查看指定镜像的信息 [root@localhost ~]# podman image inspect nginx- 1
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镜像导入与导出
docker load [OPTIONS] #选项 -i, --input string Read from tar archive file, instead of STDIN -q, --quiet Suppress the load output- 1
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docker load -i /path/file.tar docker load < /path/file.tar- 1
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例：将一台主机的所有镜像传到另一台主机
方法1: 使用image ID导出镜像,在导入后的镜像没有REPOSITORY和TAG,显示为<none> [root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker save `docker images -qa` -o all.tar [root@ubuntu1804 ~]#scp all.tar 10.0.0.*: [root@centos7 ~]#docker load -i all.tar [root@centos7 ~]#docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE <none> <none> a77dce18d0ec 10 days ago 1.24MB <none> <none> 389fef711851 3 weeks ago 5.58MB <none> <none> 300e315adb2f 4 weeks ago 209MB <none> <none> f643c72bc252 6 weeks ago 72.9MB #方法2: 将所有镜像导入到一个文件中,此方法导入后可以看REPOSITORY和TAG [root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker save `docker images | awk 'NR!=1{print $1":"$2}'` -o backup.tar [root@ubuntu1804 ~]#scp backup.tar 10.0.0.**: root@ubuntu2004:~# docker load -i backup.tar root@ubuntu2004:~# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE busybox uclibc a77dce18d0ec 10 days ago 1.24MB alpine latest 389fef711851 3 weeks ago 5.58MB centos latest 300e315adb2f 4 weeks ago 209MB ubuntu latest f643c72bc252 6 weeks ago 72.9MB #方法3:将所有镜像导入到一个文件中,此方法导入后可以看REPOSITORY和TAG [root@centos8 ~]#docker image save `docker image ls --format "{{.Repository}}: {{.Tag}}"` -o all.tar [root@centos8 ~]#scp all.tar 10.0.0.***:/data [root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker load -i /data/all.tar [root@ubuntu1804 ~]#docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE busybox uclibc a77dce18d0ec 10 days ago 1.24MB alpine latest 389fef711851 3 weeks ago 5.58MB centos latest 300e315adb2f 4 weeks ago 209MB ubuntu latest f643c72bc252 6 weeks ago 72.9MB- 1
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删除镜像
[root@localhost ~]# dcoker rmi feb5d9f -bash: dcoker: command not found [root@localhost ~]# docker rmi feb5d9f Untagged: docker.io/hello-world:latest Untagged: docker.io/hello-world@sha256:faa03e786c97f07ef34423fccceeec2398ec8a5759259f94d99078f264e9d7af Deleted: sha256:feb5d9fea6a5e9606aa995e879d862b825965ba48de054caab5ef356dc6b3412 Deleted: sha256:e07ee1baac5fae6a26f30cabfe54a36d3402f96afda318fe0a96cec4ca393359 [root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE docker.io/alpine latest 49176f190c7e 12 days ago 7.05 MB docker.io/busybox latest 9d5226e6ce3f 2 weeks ago 1.24 MB docker.io/nginx latest 88736fe82739 2 weeks ago 142 MB docker.io/tomcat latest 1ca69d1bf49a 2 weeks ago 474 MB [root@localhost ~]#- 1
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镜像打标签
docker tag SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG]- 1
[root@localhost ~]# docker tag alpine alpine:3.22 [root@localhost ~]# docker images REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE alpine 3.22 49176f190c7e 12 days ago 7.05 MB docker.io/alpine latest 49176f190c7e 12 days ago 7.05 MB docker.io/busybox latest 9d5226e6ce3f 2 weeks ago 1.24 MB docker.io/nginx latest 88736fe82739 2 weeks ago 142 MB docker.io/tomcat latest 1ca6- 1
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常见操作: 搜索、下载、导出、导入、删除
docker search centos #搜索 docker pull alpine #下载 docker images #查看 docker save > /opt/centos.tar #centos #导出镜像 docker load -i /opt/centos.tar #导入本地镜像 docker rmi 镜像ID/镜像名称 #删除指定ID的镜像，此镜像对应容器正启动镜像不能被删除，除非将容器 全部关闭- 1
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常见操作: 搜索、下载、导出、导入、删除 ```bash docker search centos #搜索 docker pull alpine #下载 docker images #查看 docker save > /opt/centos.tar #centos #导出镜像 docker load -i /opt/centos.tar #导入本地镜像 docker rmi 镜像ID/镜像名称 #删除指定ID的镜像，此镜像对应容器正启动镜像不能被删除，除非将容器 全部关闭- 1
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- 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_45423952/article/details/128188759
