C++最后一次实验及实验总结

忙活了大半个学期，终于学完了C++，虽然很基础，但是至少算是写完了实验，开心~~

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实验一

实验二

实验三

实验四

实验五

实验六

题目一

一、分析下面的程序，写出其运行时的输出结果。上机运行该程序，观察运行结果是否与你的分析相同。如有不同，试分析原因。

（一）

#include 
using namespace std;
class A
{public:
   A(){cout<<"A::A() called.\n";}
   virtual ~A(){cout<<"A::~A() called.\n";}
}; 
class B:public A
{ public:
     B(int i)
	 {  cout<<"B::B() called.\n";
        buf=new char[i];
	 }
     virtual ~B()
	 {  delete []buf;
        cout<<"B::~B() called.\n";
	 }
private:
   char *buf;
};
void fun(A *a)
{  cout<<"May you succeed!";
   delete a;
}
int main()
{
	A *a=new B(15);
    fun(a);
    return 0;
}
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实验结果

（二）

#include
using namespace std;
class A{
public:
	A(int a):x(a){ cout<<"A constructor..."<<x<<endl;	}
	int f(){return ++x;}
	~A(){cout<<"destructor A..."<<endl;}
private:
	int x;
};
class B:public virtual A{
private:
	int y;
	A Aobj;
public:
	B(int a,int b,int c):A(a),y(c),Aobj(c){ cout<<"B constructor..."<<y<<endl;}
	int f(){
		A::f();
		Aobj.f();
		return ++y;
	}
	void display(){	cout<<A::f()<<"\t"<<Aobj.f()<<"\t"<<f()<<endl;	}
	~B(){cout<<"destructor B..."<<endl;}    
};
class C:public B{
public:
	C(int a,int b,int c):B(a,b,c),A(0){ cout<<"C constructor..."<<endl;}
};
class D:public C,public virtual A{
public:
	D(int a,int b,int c):C(a,b,c),A(c){ cout<<"D constructor..."<<endl;}
	~D(){cout<<"destructor D...."<<endl;}
};
int main()
{
	D d(7,8,9);
	d.f();
	d.display();
return 0;
}
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实验效果

（三）

#include
using namespace std;
class A{
public:
	A(int a,int b):x(a),y(b){ cout<<"A constructor..."<<endl;	}
	void Add(int a,int b){ x+=a;y+=b;}
	void display(){ cout<<"("<<x<<","<<y<<")";}
	~A(){cout<<"destructor A..."<<endl;}
private:
	int x,y;
};
class B:private A{
private:
	int i,j;
	A Aobj;
public:
	B(int a,int b,int c,int d):A(a,b),i(c),j(d)	,Aobj(1,1){ cout<<"B constructor..."<<endl;}
	void Add(int x1,int y1,int x2,int y2)
	{
		A::Add(x1,y1);
		i+=x2; j+=y2;
	}
	void display(){
		A::display();
		Aobj.display();
		cout<<"("<<i<<","<<j<<")"<<endl;
	}
	~B(){cout<<"destructor B..."<<endl;}    
};
int main()
{
	B b(1,2,3,4);
	b.display();
	b.Add(1,3,5,7);
	b.display();
    return 0;
}
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实验效果

（四）

#include 
using namespace std;
class Base1
{
	public:
	Base1()
	{
		cout<<"class Base1!"<<endl;
	}
};
class Base2
{
	public:
	Base2()
	{
		cout<<"class Base2!"<<endl;
	}
};
class Level1:public Base2,virtual public Base1
{
public:
	Level1()
	{
		cout<<"class Level1!"<<endl;
	}
};
class Level2: public Base2,virtual public Base1
{
public:
	Level2()
	{
		cout<<"class Level2!"<<endl;
	}
};
class TopLevel:public Level1,virtual public Level2
{
public:
	TopLevel()
	{
		cout<<"class TopLevel!"<<endl;
	}
};
int main()
{
	TopLevel obj;
	return 0;
}

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实验效果

题目二

某出版系统发行图书和磁带，利用继承设计管理出版物的类。要求如下：建立一个基类Publication存储出版物的标题title、出版物名称name、单价price及出版日期date。用Book类和Tape类分别管理图书和磁带，它们都从Publication类派生。Book类具有保存图书页数的数据成员page，Tape类具有保存播放时间的数据成员playtime。每个类都有构造函数、析构函数，且都有用于从键盘获取数据的成员函数inputData()，用于显示数据的成员函数display()。

#include 
#include 
using namespace std;

class Publication
{
public:
	Publication(){};
	~Publication(){};
	virtual void inputData() {
		string title_0;
		string name_0;
		int price_0;
		int date_0;
		cout << "请输入出版物的标题，出版商的名称，出版物的单价和出版物的出版日期（用空格隔开）：";
		cin >> title >> name >> price >> date;
	};//从键盘获取数据的成员函数inputData()，
	virtual void display() {
		cout << "出版物的标题：" << title << endl;
		cout << "出版物的名称：" << name << endl;
		cout << "出版物的单价：" << price << endl;
		cout << "出版物的出版日期：" << date << endl;
	};//用于显示数据的成员函数display()。
protected:
	string title;//出版物的标题title
	string name;//出版物名称name
	int price;//单价price
	int date;//出版日期date
};
class Book: public Publication
{
public:
	Book() {};
	~Book() {};
	void inputData() {
		cout << "请输入保存的图书页数：";
		cin >> pages;
	};//从键盘获取数据的成员函数inputData()，
	void display() {
		cout << "该本书的图书页数是：" << pages << endl;
	};//用于显示数据的成员函数display()。
private:
	int pages;//保存图书页数
};
class Tape :public Publication
{
public:
	Tape() {};
	~Tape() {};
	void inputData() {
		cout << "请输入磁盘的播放时间：";
		cin >> playtime;
	
	};//从键盘获取数据的成员函数inputData()，
	void display() {
		cout << "该磁盘的播放时间是：" << playtime << endl;
	
	};//用于显示数据的成员函数display()。
private:
	int playtime;//保存播放时间playtime。
};
int main()
{
	Publication P;
	P.inputData();
	P.display();

	Book B;
	B.inputData();
	B.display();
	
	Tape T;
	T.inputData();
	T.display();
	return 0;
}

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实验效果

题目三

（1）定义一个分数类Score。它有3个数据成员：
Chinese //语文课成绩
English //英语课成绩
Mathematics //数学课成绩
2个构造函数：无参的和带参数的
3个成员函数：是否带参数根据需要自定
sum() //计算三门课总成绩
print() //输出三门课成绩和总成绩
modify() //修改三门课成绩
（2）定义一个学生类Student。它有3个数据成员：
Num //学号
Name //姓名
MyScore //成绩
2个构造函数：无参的和带参数的
3个成员函数：是否带参数根据需要自定
sum() //计算某学生三门课总成绩
print() //输出某学生学号、姓名和成绩
modify() //修改某学生学号、姓名和成绩
（3）在主函数中，先定义一个学生类对象数组，再通过for循环给对象数组赋上实际值，最后输出对象数组个元素的值。

#include
#include
using namespace std;
class Score//分数类，存语数外成绩
{
public:
	int Chinese;
	int English;
	int Math;
	int add;
	Score();//构造函数
	Score(int a, int b, int c);
	void Sum();
	void print();
	void modify();
};
class Student//学生类
{
public:
	int Num;
	string name;
	Score myScore;//以Score为类定义对象
	Student();//构造函数
	Student(int d, string e, int a, int b, int c);
	void Sum();
	void print();
	void modify();
};
Score::Score()//Score初始赋值
{
	Chinese = 0;
	English = 0;
	Math = 0;
	add = 0;
}
Score::Score(int a, int b, int c)//Score再赋值
{
	Chinese = a;
	English = b;
	Math = c;
	Sum();
}
Student::Student()//Student初始赋值
{
	name = " ";
	Num = 0;
	myScore.Chinese = 0;
	myScore.English = 0;
	myScore.Math = 0;
	Sum();
}
Student::Student(int d, string e, int a, int b, int c)//Student再赋值
{
	name = e;
	Num = d;
	myScore.Chinese = a;
	myScore.English = b;
	myScore.Math = c;
}
void Score::Sum(){
	add = Chinese + English + Math;
}
void Student::Sum(){
	myScore.add = myScore.Chinese + myScore.English + myScore.Math;
}
void Score::print(){
	cout << "语文成绩：" << Chinese << endl;
	cout << "英语成绩：" << English << endl;
	cout << "数学成绩：" << Math << endl;
	cout << "总成绩：" << add << endl;
}
void Student::print(){
	cout << "姓名：" << name << endl;
	cout << "学号：" << Num << endl;
	cout << "语文成绩：" << myScore.Chinese << endl;
	cout << "英语成绩：" << myScore.English << endl;
	cout << "数学成绩：" << myScore.Math << endl;
	cout << "总成绩：" << myScore.add << endl;
}
void Score::modify(){
	int a;
	int b;
	int c;
	cout << "请输入学生的语文成绩，英语成绩，数学成绩：" << endl;
	cin >> a >> b >> c;
	Chinese = a;
	English = b;
	Math = c;
	Sum();
}
void Student::modify(){
	int d;string e;
	int a;int b;
	int c;
	cout << "请输入学生的姓名：" << endl;
	cin >> e;
	cout << "请输入学生的学号：" << endl;
	cin >> d;
	cout << "请输入学生的语文成绩：" << endl;
	cin >> a;
	cout << "请输入学生的英语成绩：" << endl;
	cin >> b;
	cout << "请输入学生的数学成绩：" << endl;
	cin >> c;
	name = e;Num = d;
	myScore.Chinese = a;
	myScore.English = b;
	myScore.Math = c;
	Sum();
}
int main()
{
		Student a[10];//定义数组
		int i, j;
		cout << "请输入学生人数：";//得知循环数
		cin >> i;
		for (j = 0; j < i; j++)//循环赋值
		{
			a[j].modify();
		}
		for (j = 0; j < i; j++)//循环输出
		{
			a[j].print();
		}
		return 0;
}
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实验效果

题目四

编写一个程序实现小型公司的人员信息管理系统。该公司雇员（employee）包括经理（manager），技术人员（technician）、销售员（salesman）和销售部经理（salesmanager）。要求存储这些人员的姓名、编号、级别、当月薪水，计算月薪并显示全部信息。
程序要对所有人员有提升级别的功能。为简单起见，所有人员的初始级别均为1，然后进行升级，经理升为4级，技术人员和销售部经理升为3级，销售员仍为1级。
月薪计算办法是：经理拿固定月薪8000元，技术人员按每小时100元领取月薪，销售员按该当月销售额4%提成，销售经理既拿固定月工资也领取销售提成，固定月工资为5000元，销售提成为所管辖部门当月销售额的5‰。

#include
#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
class employee{
protected:
	string name, id;
	int grade; double salary;
public:
	employee(){
		grade = 1; salary = 0;
	}
	string GetName(){
		return name;
	}
	string GetId(){
		return id;
	}
	double GetSalary(){
		return salary;
	}
};
class manager :public employee{
public:
	manager(){
		cout << "请输入经理的姓名："; cin >> name;
		cout << "请输入经理的编号："; cin >> id;
		grade = 4; salary = 8000;
	}
	manager(string _name, string _id){
		name = _name; id = _id; grade = 4; salary = 8000;
	}
	void DisInform(){
		cout << "经理：" << name << endl;
		cout << "编号：" << id << endl;
		cout << "薪水：" << salary << endl;
	}
};
class technician :public employee{
	double worktime;
public:
	technician(){
		cout << "请输入技术人员的姓名："; cin >> name;
		cout << "请输入技术人员的编号："; cin >> id;
		cout << "请输入工作人员每月的工作时间："; cin >> worktime;
		grade = 3; salary = 100 * worktime;
	}
	technician(string _name, string _id, double t = 0){
		name = _name; id = _id; worktime = t; salary = t * 100; grade = 3;
	}
	void SetTime(double t) { worktime = t; salary = 100 * t; }
	void DisInform(){
		cout << "技术人员：" << name << endl;
		cout << "编号：" << id << endl;
		cout << "薪水：" << salary << endl;
	}
};
class salemanager :public employee{
	double sale;
public:
	vector<int> MSlist;//销售经理管理销售员的名单
	int MSNum;

	salemanager(){
		cout << "请输入销售经理的姓名："; cin >> name;
		cout << "请输入销售经理的编号："; cin >> id;
		grade = 3; salary = 5000; sale = 0; MSNum = 0;
	}
	salemanager(string _name, string _id){
		name = _name; id = _id;
		grade = 3; salary = 5000; sale = 0; MSNum = 0;
	}
	salemanager(const salemanager& x){
		name = x.name; grade = 3; id = x.id; salary = x.salary; sale = x.sale; MSNum = x.MSNum;
		MSlist.assign(x.MSlist.begin(), x.MSlist.end());
	}
	void DisInform(){
		cout << "销售经理：" << name << endl;
		cout << "编号：" << id << endl;
		cout << "薪水：" << salary << endl;
	}
	void SetSale(double t){
		sale = t; salary += t * 0.005;
	}
	void AddSale(double t){
		sale += t; salary += 0.005 * t;
	}
};
class salesman :public employee{
	double sale;
public:
	int M;//该销售员受管辖的销售经理
	salesman(){
		cout << "请输入销售员的姓名："; cin >> name;
		cout << "请输入销售员的编号："; cin >> id;
		cout << "请输入销售员的销售额："; cin >> sale;

		grade = 1; salary = 0.04 * sale;
		//cout << "薪水：" << salary << endl;
		M = -1;
	}
	salesman(string _name, string _id, double _sale = 0){
		name = _name; id = _id; sale = _sale; grade = 1; salary = 0.04 * sale; M = -1;
	}
	salesman(const salesman& x){
		name = x.name; id = x.id; M = x.M; salary = x.salary; sale = x.sale; grade = 1;
	}
	void DisInform(){
		cout << "销售员：" << name << endl;
		cout << "编号：" << id << endl;
		cout << "薪水：" << salary << endl;
	}
	void SetSale(double _sale){
		sale = _sale; salary = 0.04 * sale;
	}
	double GetSale(){
		return sale;
	}

};
class depart{
	depart(){
		SNum = 0; MNum = 0; sale = 0;
	}
	depart(depart&) = delete;
	depart& operator=(const depart&) = delete;
	static depart* p;
public:
	vector<salesman> Slist;	//销售部门所有销售员的名单 
	int SNum;

	vector<salemanager> Mlist;	//销售部门所有销售经理的名单
	int MNum;
	double sale;//总的销售额
	static depart* GetDepart(){
		if (p == nullptr) p = new depart;
		return p;
	}
	static void DelDepart(){
		delete p; p = nullptr;
	}
	void AddSaleForManager(salemanager& x){
		cout << "请输入该销售经理管理的销售员ID：[ESC退出输入]" << endl;
		//cin.clear();
		string _ID;
		while (1){
			cin >> _ID;
			if (_ID == "ESC") break;
			bool flag = false;//标记是否存在该销售员
			for (int i = 0; i < SNum; i++)	{
				if (p->Slist[i].GetId() == _ID){
					p->Mlist[MNum - 1].MSlist.push_back(i);//将该销售员加入到销售经理的名单中 
					p->Mlist[MNum - 1].MSNum++;
					p->Mlist[MNum - 1].AddSale(p->Slist[i].GetSale());//改变销售经理当月的销售额 
					p->Slist[i].M = MNum - 1;//记录该销售员对应的销售经理
					flag = true; break;//标记找到了并退出查找
				}
			}
			if (!flag){
				cout << "对不起，该销售员没有登记，请先到管理部门登记" << endl;
			}
			//cin.clear();
		}
	}
	void CreatNewManager(){
		p->Mlist.push_back(salemanager()); MNum++;
		AddSaleForManager(p->Mlist[MNum - 1]);	//为该销售经理添加销售员
	}
	void UpgradeManger(string _name, string _Id){
		p->Mlist.push_back(salemanager(_name, _Id)); MNum++;
		AddSaleForManager(p->Mlist[MNum - 1]);	//为该销售经理添加销售员
	}
	void CreatNewManager(int x){
		while (x--)
		{
			p->Mlist.push_back(salemanager()); MNum++;
			AddSaleForManager(p->Mlist[MNum - 1]);	//为该销售经理添加销售员
		}
	}
	void CreatNewSales(){
		p->Slist.push_back(salesman()); SNum++;
	}
	void CreatNewSales(int x){
		while (x--)
		{
			p->Slist.push_back(salesman()); SNum++;
		}
	}
};
depart* depart::p = nullptr;
class company{
	int num = 0;//公司人数
public:
	vector<manager> MMList; int MMNum;
	vector<technician> TList; int TNum;
	int t;
	company(){
		//system("cls");
		cout << "创建公司：" << endl;
		cout << "请输入经理人数："; cin >> MMNum; num += MMNum;
		for (int i = 0; i < MMNum; i++){
			MMList.push_back(manager());
		}
		//system("cls");
		cout << "创建公司：" << endl;
		cout << "请输入技术人员人数：";  cin >> TNum; num += TNum;
	for (int i = 0; i < TNum; i++){
			TList.push_back(technician());
		}
		cout << "创建公司：" << endl;
		depart* Dp = depart::GetDepart();	//创建销售部门
		cout << "请输入销售员人数："; cin >> t; num += t;  Dp->CreatNewSales(t);
		//system("cls");
		cout << "创建公司：" << endl;
		cout << "请输入销售经理的人数："; cin >> t; num += t; Dp->CreatNewManager(t);
	}
	void DisplayManager(){
		//system("cls");
		cout << "公司经理信息：" << endl;
		for (int i = 0; i < MMNum; i++){
			MMList[i].DisInform();
		}
	}
	void DisplayTechnician(){
		//system("cls");
		cout << "公司技术人员信息：" << endl;
		for (int i = 0; i < TNum; i++){
			TList[i].DisInform();
		}
		//system("pause");
	}

	void DisplaySale(){
		//system("cls");
		cout << "公司销售员信息：" << endl;
		depart* Dp = depart::GetDepart();
		for (int i = 0; i < Dp->SNum; i++)
		{
			Dp->Slist[i].DisInform();
			cout << "上司姓名：" << ((Dp->Slist[i].M == -1) ? "无" : Dp->Mlist[Dp->Slist[i].M].GetName()) << endl;
			cout << "上司编号：" << ((Dp->Slist[i].M == -1) ? "无" : Dp->Mlist[Dp->Slist[i].M].GetId()) << endl;
		}
	}
void DisplaySaleManager(){
		cout << "公司销售经理信息：" << endl;
		depart* Dp = depart::GetDepart();
		for (int i = 0; i < Dp->MNum; i++){
			Dp->Mlist[i].DisInform();
			cout << "管理销售员名单：" << endl;
			for (int j = 0; j < Dp->Mlist[i].MSNum; j++){
				cout << "销售员编号：" << Dp->Slist[Dp->Mlist[i].MSlist[j]].GetId() << "\t" << "销售员姓名：" << Dp->Slist[Dp->Mlist[i].MSlist[j]].GetName() << endl;
			}
		}
	}
	void SalesmanUpgrade(){
		cout << "请输入需要升级的销售员ID：[ESC退出输入]" << endl;
		cin.clear();
		string _ID;
		depart* Dp = depart::GetDepart();
		while (1){
			cin >> _ID;
			if (_ID == "ESC") break;
			//cout << "ok!!" << endl;
			bool flag = false;
			salesman* tmp = nullptr;
			int index;
			for (int i = 0; i < Dp->SNum; i++){
				if (Dp->Slist[i].GetId() == _ID){
					tmp = new salesman(Dp->Slist[i]);
					index = i;
					flag = true; break;
				}
			}

			if (!flag){
				cout << "不存在该销售员!" << endl;
				continue;
			}
			if (tmp->M != -1){
				int num = Dp->Mlist[tmp->M].MSNum;
				for (int i = 0; i < num; i++){
					if (Dp->Slist[Dp->Mlist[tmp->M].MSlist[i]].GetId() == tmp->GetId())
					{
						Dp->Mlist[tmp->M].MSlist.erase(Dp->Mlist[tmp->M].MSlist.begin() + i);
						Dp->Mlist[tmp->M].MSNum--;
						break;
					}
				}
			}
Dp->Slist.erase(Dp->Slist.begin() + index); Dp->SNum--;
			//printf("test\n");
			//将销售员升级为销售经理
			Dp->UpgradeManger(tmp->GetName(), tmp->GetId());
			delete tmp;
		}
	}
	~company()
	{
		depart::DelDepart();
	}
};
int main()
{
	company A;
	A.DisplayManager();
	A.DisplayTechnician();
	A.DisplaySaleManager();
	A.DisplaySale();

	A.SalesmanUpgrade();

	A.DisplaySaleManager();
	A.DisplaySale();

}
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实验效果

实验七

题目一

分析下面的程序，写出其运行时的输出结果。上机运行该程序，观察运行结果是否与你的分析相同。如有不同，试分析原因。

（一）

#include 
using namespace std;
class Base{
protected:
	int n;
public:
	Base (int m){	n=m++; 		}
	virtual void g1(){cout<<"Base::g1()..."<<n<<endl; g4();}
	virtual	void g2(){cout<<"Base::g2()..."<<++n<<endl;g3();}
			void g3(){cout<<"Base::g3()..."<<++n<<endl; g4();}
			void g4(){cout<<"Base::g4()..."<<++n<<endl;}

};
class Derive:public Base{
	int j;
public:
	Derive(int n1,int n2):Base(n1){  j=n2;	}
	void g1(){cout<<"Deri::g1()..."<<++n<<endl;g2();}
	void g3(){cout<<"Deri::g2()..."<<++n<<endl;g4();}
};
int main(){
	Derive Dobj(1,0);
	Base Bobj=Dobj;
	Bobj.g1();
	cout<<"------------------"<<endl;
	Base *bp=&Dobj;
	bp->g1();
	cout<<"------------------"<<endl;
	Base &bobj2=Dobj;
	bobj2.g1();
	cout<<"------------------"<<endl;
	Dobj.g1();
    return 0;
}
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效果如下

（二）

#include
class ABC{
	int a,b,c;
public:
	ABC(int x,int y,int z):a(x),b(y),c(z){}
	friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &out,ABC& f);
};
ostream &operator<<(ostream &out,ABC& f)
{
	out<<"a="<<f.a<<endl<<"b="<<f.b<<endl<<"c="<<f.c<<endl;
	return out;
}
int main(){
	ABC obj(10,20,30);
	cout<<obj;
    return 0;
}
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这个代码似乎有一点问题
1

#include 
using namespace std;
class ABC {
	int a, b, c;
public:
	ABC(int x, int y, int z) :a(x), b(y), c(z) {}
	friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, ABC& f);
};
ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, ABC& f)
{
	out << "a=" << f.a << endl << "b=" << f.b << endl << "c=" << f.c << endl;
	return out;
}
int main() {
	ABC obj(10, 20, 30);
	cout << obj;
	return 0;
}
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实验效果

（三）

#include
class Number{
	int n;
public:
	Number(int x):n(x){}
	Number& operator++(){ ++n; 	return *this;	}
	Number& operator++(int){	n++;		return *this;}
	friend Number &operator--(Number &o);
	friend Number &operator--(Number o,int); 
	void display(){cout<<"This Number is:  "<<n<<endl;}
};
Number &operator--(Number &o){--o.n;	return o;	}
Number &operator--(Number o,int){o.n--;	return o;	}
int main(){
	Number N1(10);
	++ ++ ++N1;
	N1.display();
	N1++;
	N1.display();
	--N1;
	N1.display();
	N1-- -- --;
	N1.display();
    return 0;
}	
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这个似乎也有一点问题
1

#include
using namespace std;
class Number {
	int n;
public:
	Number(int x) :n(x) {}
	Number& operator++() { ++n; 	return *this; }
	Number& operator++(int) { n++;		return *this; }
	friend Number& operator--(Number& o);
	friend Number& operator--(Number o, int);
	void display() { cout << "This Number is:  " << n << endl; }
};
Number& operator--(Number& o) { --o.n;	return o; }
Number& operator--(Number o, int) { o.n--;	return o; }
int main() {
	Number N1(10);
	++ ++ ++N1;
	N1.display();
	N1++;
	N1.display();
	--N1;
	N1.display();
	N1-- -- --;
	N1.display();
	return 0;
}
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实验效果

题目二

先建立一个点类Point，包含数据成员x，y（坐标点）。以它为基类，派生出圆类Circle，增加数据成员radius（半径），再以Cirlcle类为直接基类，派生出圆柱体类Cylinder，再增加数据成员height（高）。要求：
（1）每个类都有构造函数、用于从键盘获取数据的成员函数set()，用于显示数据的成员函数display()。
（2）用虚函数输出各类对象信息。

#include
using namespace std;
class Point
{
public:
	int x;
	int y;
	Point() {
		x = 0;
		y = 0;
	};
	void set() {
		cout << "点的位置，输入X和Y：";
		cin >> x >> y;
	}
	virtual void display()
	{
		cout << "点的位置是：" << x << " " << y << endl;
	}
};
class Circle:public Point
{
public:
	int radius;
	Circle() { radius = 0; };
	void set()
	{
		cout << "半径的大小，输入radius：";
		cin >> radius;
	}
	void display()override
	{
		cout << "圆的半径是：" << radius << endl;
	}
};
class Cylinder:public Circle
{
public:

	int height;
	Cylinder() {
		height = 0;
	};
	void set()
	{
		cout << "圆柱的高，输入height：";
		cin >> height;
	}
	void display ()override
	{
		cout << "圆柱的高：" << height << endl;
	}
};

int main()
{
	Point p;
	p.set();
	p.display();

	Circle c;
	c.set();
	c.display();

	Cylinder r;
	r.set();
	r.display();

	return 0;
}
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效果如下

题目三

先建立一个职工类Employee，包含数据成员name（职工姓名），ID（职工编号）。以它为基类，派生出经理类Manager和技术人员类Technician，在经理类中增加数据成员salary（代表经理的月工资），在技术人员类中增加数据成员wage（代表每小时的工资数）和hours（月工作时数）。在定义类时，所有类中必须包含有构造函数、析构函数、修改和获取所有数据成员的函数，以及纯虚函数计算职工的工资，输出职工的信息。

#include
using namespace std;

class Employee
{
public:
	string name;//职工姓名
	int ID;//职工编号

	virtual void Sum() const = 0; //纯虚函数
	Employee(string s,int a)
	{
		name = s;
		ID = a;
	}
	~Employee(){
		cout << "Employee 析构" << endl;
	}

	void Change(string s, int x)
	{
		this->name = s;
		this->ID = x;
	}
	void Set(string s,int x)
	{
		this->name = s;
		this->ID = x;
	}
};

class Manager:public Employee
{
public:
int salay;//经理的月工资
	virtual void Sum() const {
		cout << "经理的名字是：" << name << endl;
		cout << "经理的ID是：" << ID << endl;
		cout << "经理的工资是：" << salay << endl;
	}
	Manager(string s,int a ,int sa):Employee(s,a)
	{
		salay = sa;
	}
	~Manager(){
		cout << "Manager 析构" << endl;
	}
	void Change(int a)
	{
		this->salay = a;
	}
	void Set(int a)
	{
		this->salay = a;
	}
};

class Technician:public Employee
{
public:
	int wage;//表示每小时的工资数
	int hours;//月工作小时数
	virtual void Sum() const {
		cout << "技术工的名字是：" << name << endl;
		cout << "技术工的ID是：" << ID << endl;
		cout << "技术工的工资是：" << wage*hours*4 << endl;
	}
	Technician(string s,int a,int w,int h):Employee(s,a)
	{
		wage = w;
		hours = h;
	}
	~Technician(){
		cout << "Technician 析构" << endl;
	}
	void Change(int wage, int hours)
	{
		this->wage = wage;
		this->hours = hours;
	}
	void Set(int wage,int hours)
	{
		this->wage = wage;
		this->hours = hours;
	}
};

int main()
{
	Manager m("Jack", 001, 7000);
	m.Set(1200);
	m.Change(1000);
	m.Sum();


	Technician T("Tom", 002, 30, 178);
	T.Set(40,180);
	T.Change(50, 120);
	T.Sum();
	
	return 0;
}
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实验效果

题目四

设计并实现一个日期类Date，要求：
（1）可以建立具有指定日期（年、月、日）的Date对象，默认日期是2012.1.1。
（2）可以从输出流输出一个格式为“年-月-日”的日期，其中年是四位数据，月、日可以是一位也可以是两位数据。
（3）可以动态地设置年、月、日。
（4）可以用运算符= =、!=、<和>对两个日期进行比较。
（5）可以用运算符++、–、+=、-=等完成天数的加减一天或若干天的操作
（6）Date类必须能够正确表达日期，不会出现类似于13月，32日一类的情况。Date类还必须处理闰年的问题，闰年包括：所有能被400整除的年份，以及能被4整除同时又不能被100整除的年份。

#include
using namespace std;

class Date
{
public:
	
	int year;
	int month;
	int day;
	Date() {
		year = 2012;
		month = 1;
		day = 1;
	};
	Date(int x, int y, int z)
	{
		if (check(x, y, z))
		{
			this->year = x;
			this->month = y;
			this->day = z;
		}
	}
	bool check(int y,int m,int d)
		{
		int num1[12] = { 31,29,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };
		int num2[12] = { 31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };
		if (m > 12 || m < 0)
		{
			
			//cout << "格式不正确" << endl;
			return false;
		}
		else if (m >= 1 && m <= 12)//月份没问题
		{
			if (y % 400 == 0 || (y % 4 == 0 && y % 100 != 0))//闰年
			{
				year = y;
				month = m;
				if (d <= num2[m - 1] && d >= 1)
				{
					day = d;
				}
				
				else {
					
					//cout << "格式不正确" << endl;
					return false;
				}	
			}
			else
			{
				year = y;
				if (d <= num1[m - 1] && d >= 1)
				{
					day = d;
				}
				else
				{
					
					//cout << "格式错误" << endl;
					return false;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	void setdate(int a,int b,int c)
	{
		check(a, b, c);
	}
	void display()
	{
		cout << year <<"-"<< month <<"-" << day << endl;
	}
	bool operator == (Date& c2)
	{
		if (year == c2.year && month == c2.month && day == c2.day)
		{
			return true;
		}
		else
		{
			return false;
		}
	};
	bool operator!=(Date& c2)
	{
		if (year == c2.year && month == c2.month && day == c2.day)
		{
			return false;
		}
		else
		{
			return true;
		}
	};
bool operator<(Date& c2)
	{
		check(c2.year, c2.month, c2.day);
		if (year > c2.year)
		{
			return false;
		}
		else if(year < c2.year)
		{
			return true;
		}
		
		else if (year == c2.year){
			if (month > c2.month){
				return false;
			}
			else if (month < c2.month){
				return true;
			}
			else if (month == c2.month){
				if (day >= c2.day){
					return false;
				}
				else if (day < c2.day){
					return true;
				}
			}
		}
	};
	bool operator >(Date& c2)
	{
		check(c2.year, c2.month, c2.day);
		if (year < c2.year){
			return false;
		}
		else if (year > c2.year){
			return true;
		}
		else if (year == c2.year){
			if (month < c2.month){
				return false;
			}
			else if (month > c2.month){
				return true;
			}
			else if (month == c2.month){
				if (day <= c2.day){
					return false;
				}
				else if (day > c2.day){
					return true;
				}
			}
		}
	};
	Date operator+=(int x)
	{
		Date d(year, month, day);
		day = day + x;


		int num1[12] = { 31,29,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };
		int num2[12] = { 31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };
		if (year % 400 == 0 || (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0))
		{
			while (day > num2[month - 1])
			{
				day = day - num2[month - 1];
				month++;
				if (month > 12)
				{
					year++;
					month = 1;
				}
			}
		}
		else
		{

			while (day > num1[month - 1])
			{
				day = day - num1[month - 1];

				month++;
				if (month > 12)
				{
					year++;
					month = 1;
				}
			}
		}


		return d;
	};
	Date operator -=(int x){
		Date d(year, month, day);
		day = day - x;
		int num1[12] = { 31,29,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };
		int num2[12] = { 31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };
		if (year % 400 == 0 || (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0)){
			while (day <= 0){
				month--;
				if (month <= 0)
				{
					month = 12;
					day = day + num2[month - 1];
					year--;

				}
				else
				{
					day = day + num2[month - 1];
				}
			}
		}
		else
		{
			while (day <= 0)
			{

				month--;
				if (month <= 0)
				{
					month = 12;
					day = day + num1[month - 1];
					year--;

				}
				else
				{
					day = day + num1[month - 1];
				}
			}
		}

		return d;
	};
	Date operator -- (){
		Date d(year,month,day);
		day = day - 1;
		int num1[12] = { 31,29,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };
		int num2[12] = { 31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };
		if (year % 400 == 0 || (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0)){
			while (day <= 0){
				month--;
				if (month <= 0)
				{
					month = 12;
					day = day + num2[month-1];
					year--;
					
				}
				else
				{
					day = day + num2[month - 1];
				}
			}
		}
		else
		{
			while(day <= 0)
			{
				
				month--;
				if (month <= 0)
				{
					month = 12;
					day = day + num1[month - 1];
					year--;
					
				}
				else
				{
					day = day + num1[month - 1];
				}
			}
		}
		
		return d;
	};
	Date operator ++()
	{
		Date d(year,month,day);
		day = day + 1;
		
		
		int num1[12] = { 31,29,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };
		int num2[12] = { 31,28,31,30,31,30,31,31,30,31,30,31 };
		if (year % 400 == 0 || (year % 4 == 0 && year % 100 != 0))
		{
			while (day > num2[month - 1])
			{
				day = day - num2[month - 1];
				month++;
				if (month > 12)
				{
					year++;
					month = 1;
				}
			}
		}
		else
		{
			
			while (day > num1[month - 1])
			{
				day = day - num1[month - 1];
				
				month++;
				if (month > 12)
				{
					year++;
					month = 1;
				}
			}
		}
	

		return d;
	};
};
int main()
{
	 
	Date d(2022, 11, 30);
	d.display();
	++d;
	d.display();
	--d;
	d.display();
	d += (14);
	d.display();
	d -= (20);
	d.display();
	Date d2(2011,12,13);
	
	bool x = d > d2;
	cout << x << endl;
	bool y = d == d2;
	cout << y << endl;
	bool z = d != d2;
	cout << z << endl;
	bool m = d < d2;
	cout << m << endl;

	return 0;
}
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实验效果

实验八

题目一

阅读下面的程序，写出程序运行的结果。

（一）

#include
#include
using namespace std;
int main(){
	fstream out,in;
	out.open("a.dat",ios::out);
	out<<"on fact\n";
	out<<"operating file \n";
	out<<"is the same as inputing/outputing data on screen...\n";
	out.close();
	char buffer[80];
	in.open("a.dat",ios::in);
	while(!in.eof())
	{
		in.getline(buffer,80);
		cout<<buffer<<endl;
	}
return 0;
}
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实验效果

（二）

#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
class Worker{
private:
	int number ,age;
	char name[20];
	double sal;
public:
	Worker(){}
	Worker(int num,char* Name,int Age, double Salary):number(num),age(Age),sal(Salary)
	{strcpy(name,Name);	}
	void display()	{cout<<number<<"\t"<<name<<"\t"<<age<<"\t"<<sal<<endl;	}
};
int main(){
	ofstream out("Worker.dat",ios::out|ios::binary);   	
	Worker man[]={Worker(1,"张三",23,2320),Worker(2,"李四",32,2321),
				  Worker(3,"王五",34,2322),Worker(4,"刘六",27,2324),
				  Worker(5,"晓红",23,2325),Worker(6,"黄明",50,2326)};
	for(int i=0;i<6;i++) 	
out.write((char*)&man[i],sizeof(man[i]));            
	out.close();               
   	Worker s1;                          
	ifstream in("Employee.dat",ios::in|ios::binary);   
	in.seekg(2*(sizeof(s1)),ios::beg);         
	in.read((char*)&s1,sizeof(s1));          
	s1.display();
	in.seekg(0,ios::beg); 
	in.read((char*)&s1,sizeof(s1));          
	s1.display();
	in.close();
    return 0;
}
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有点问题
1

#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
class Worker {
private:
	int number, age;
	//char name[20];
	string name;
	double sal;
public:
	Worker() {}
	Worker(int num, string Name, int Age, double Salary) :number(num), age(Age), sal(Salary)
	{
		name = Name;
		//strcpy(name, Name);
	}
	void display() { cout << number << "\t" << name << "\t" << age << "\t" << sal << endl; }
};
int main() {
	ofstream out("Worker.dat", ios::out | ios::binary);
	Worker man[] = { Worker(1,"张三",23,2320),Worker(2,"李四",32,2321),
				  Worker(3,"王五",34,2322),Worker(4,"刘六",27,2324),
				  Worker(5,"晓红",23,2325),Worker(6,"黄明",50,2326) };
	for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)
	out.write((char*)&man[i], sizeof(man[i]));
	out.close();
	Worker s1;
	ifstream in("Employee.dat", ios::in | ios::binary);
	in.seekg(2 * (sizeof(s1)), ios::beg);
	in.read((char*)&s1, sizeof(s1));
	s1.display();
	in.seekg(0, ios::beg);
	in.read((char*)&s1, sizeof(s1));
	s1.display();
	in.close();
	return 0;
}


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实验效果

题目二

已知数据文件IN.DAT中存有20个整数，每个整数间用空格分隔。有一类Array的结构如下：
class Array{
int A[20];
public:
Array(){
for(int i=0;i<20;i++) A[i]=0;
}
int getNumberA(Array &a,int k){return a.A[k];}
void getdata();//读数据函数
void max_min(int &,int &);//排序函数
void putdata(int &,int &);//写结果数据函数
};
其中：
成员函数getdata()的功能为：从数据文件IN.DAT中把20个数据读出来存入数据成员A[]中。
成员函数max_min(int &,int &)的功能为：求数据成员A[]中20个整数的最大值和最小值。
成员函数putdata(int &,int &)的功能为：把求得的数据成员A[]中20个整数的最大值和最小值输出到数据文件OUT.DAT。
要求：在类外写出上述三个成员函数的实现代码，并在main函数中对该类进行测试。

#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
class Array {
    int A[20];
    int max, min;
public:
    Array() {
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++)  A[i] = 0;
    }
    void setNumber()
    {
        int a[20];
        ofstream outfile("IN.DAT",ios::out);//定义文件流对象，打开磁盘文件″f1.dat″
        if (!outfile)                        //如果打开失败，outfile返回0值
        {
            cerr << "open error!" << endl;
            exit(1);
        }
        cout << "enter 10 integer numbers :" << endl;
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++)
        {
            cin >> a[i];
            outfile << a[i] << " ";
        }            
        outfile.close();
    }
    int getNumberA(Array& a, int k) { return a.A[k]; }
    void getdata(){
        ifstream infile("IN.DAT", ios::in | ios::binary);
        //定义输入文件流对象，以输入方式打开磁盘文件f1.dat
        if (!infile){
            cerr << "open error!" << endl;
            exit(1);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++){
            infile >> A[i]; //从磁盘文件读入10个整数，顺序存放在a数组中
        } //在显示器上顺序显示10个数
        

    };//读数据函数
    void max_min() {
        min = A[0];
        max = A[0];
        for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++){
            if (min > A[i]){
                min = A[i];
            }
            if (max < A[i]){
                max = A[i];
            }
        }
        cout << "最大值为：" << max << endl;
        cout << "最小值为：" << min << endl;
    };//排序函数
    void putdata(){
        int a[2];
        ofstream outfile("OUT.DAT", ios::out);//定义文件流对象，打开磁盘文件″f1.dat″
        if (!outfile)                        //如果打开失败，outfile返回0值
{
            cerr << "open error!" << endl;
            exit(1);
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
            
            outfile << max << " ";
            outfile << min << " ";
        }
        outfile.close();
    };//写结果数据函数
};
int main()
{
    Array a;
    a.setNumber();
    a.getdata();
    a.max_min();
    a.putdata();

    return 0;
}
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实验效果

题目三

3、假设有学生类Student，包括姓名、学校、专业、班级、电话号码、通信地址、邮政编码等数据成员。编程完成Student类的设计，从键盘输入10个同学的通信录信息，并将这10个同学的信息写入磁盘文件address.dat中。然后从address.dat文件中读取各同学信息并显示在屏幕上。

#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;

class Student
{
public:
	string name;
	string school;
	string major;
	int banji;
	int number;
	int dizhi;
	int bianma;
void putdata()
	{
		ofstream outfile("address.dat", ios::out);//定义文件流对象，打开磁盘文件″f1.dat″
		if (!outfile)                        //如果打开失败，outfile返回0值
		{
			cerr << "open error!" << endl;
			exit(1);
		}
		cout << "输入姓名、学校、专业、班级、电话号码、通信地址、邮政编码" << endl;
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
		{
			cout << "输入姓名：" ;
			cin >> name;
			outfile << name << " ";
			cout << "输入学校名：" ;
			cin >> school;
			outfile << school << " ";
			cout << "输入专业名：" ;
			cin >> major;
			outfile << major << " ";
			cout << "输入班级名：" ;
			cin >> banji;
			outfile << banji << " ";
			cout << "输入电话号码：" ;
			cin >> number;
			outfile << number << " ";
			cout << "输入通信地址：" ;
			cin >> dizhi;
			outfile << dizhi << " ";
			cout << "输入邮政编码：";
			cin >> bianma;
			outfile << bianma << " ";
	
		}
		outfile.close();
	}
	void getdata()
	{
		ifstream infile("address.dat", ios::in | ios::binary);
		//定义输入文件流对象，以输入方式打开磁盘文件f1.dat
		if (!infile) {
			cerr << "open error!" << endl;
			exit(1);
		}
		for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
			infile >> name; 
			cout << "姓名是：" <<name<< endl;
			infile >> school;
			cout << "学校是：" << school << endl;
			infile >> major;
			cout << "专业是：" << major << endl;
			infile >> banji;
			cout << "班级是：" << banji << endl;
			infile >> number;
			cout << "电话号码是：" << number << endl;
			infile >> dizhi;
			cout << "通信地址是：" << dizhi << endl;
			infile >> bianma;
			cout << "邮政编码是：" << bianma << endl;
		} 
	}
};


int main()
{

	Student s;
	s.putdata();
	s.getdata();
	return 0;
}
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实验效果