• 30分钟部署一个kubernetes集群【1.18】


    文章目录

    简介

    作者:阿良(微信init1024)
    首发地址:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/VYtyTU9_Dw9M5oHtvRfseA
    K8s学习视频资料,云盘链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1ORAL_xRr1SFRmnyiSgC0dw
    提取码:1es0

    一、前置知识点

    1.1 生产环境可部署Kubernetes集群的两种方式

    目前生产部署Kubernetes集群主要有两种方式:

    • kubeadm
      Kubeadm是一个K8s部署工具,提供kubeadm init和kubeadm join,用于快速部署Kubernetes集群。
      官方地址:https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/setup-tools/kubeadm/kubeadm/
    • 二进制包
      从github下载发行版的二进制包,手动部署每个组件,组成Kubernetes集群。
      Kubeadm降低部署门槛,但屏蔽了很多细节,遇到问题很难排查。如果想更容易可控,推荐使用二进制包部署Kubernetes集群,虽然手动部署麻烦点,期间可以学习很多工作原理,也利于后期维护。

    1.2 安装要求

    在开始之前,部署Kubernetes集群机器需要满足以下几个条件:

    • 一台或多台机器,操作系统 CentOS7.x-86_x64
    • 硬件配置:2GB或更多RAM,2个CPU或更多CPU,硬盘30GB或更多
    • 集群中所有机器之间网络互通
    • 可以访问外网,需要拉取镜像,如果服务器不能上网,需要提前下载镜像并导入节点
    • 禁止swap分区

    1.3 准备环境

    软件环境:

    软件版本
    操作系统CentOS7.8_x64 (mini)
    Docker19-ce
    Kubernetes1.18
    服务器整体规划:
    角色IP
    --------
    k8s-master1192.168.31.71
    k8s-master2192.168.31.74
    k8s-node1192.168.31.72
    k8s-node2192.168.31.73
    Load Balancer(Master)192.168.31.81 ,192.168.31.88 (VIP)
    Load Balancer(Backup)192.168.31. 82

    须知:考虑到有些朋友电脑配置较低,这么多虚拟机跑不动,所以这一套高可用集群分两部分实施,先部署一套单Master架构(192.168.31.71/72/73),再扩容为多Master架构(上述规划),顺便熟悉下Master扩容流程。
    单Master架构图:
    在这里插入图片描述
    单Master服务器规划:

    角色IP组件
    k8s-master192.168.31.71kube-apiserver,kube-controller-manager,kube-scheduler,etcd
    k8s-node1192.168.31.72kubelet,kube-proxy,docker etcd
    k8s-node2192.168.31.73kubelet,kube-proxy,docker,etcd

    1.4 操作系统初始化配置

    # 关闭防火墙
    systemctl stop firewalld
    systemctl disable firewalld
    
    # 关闭selinux
    sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config  # 永久
    setenforce 0  # 临时
    
    # 关闭swap
    swapoff -a  # 临时
    sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab    # 永久
    
    # 根据规划设置主机名
    hostnamectl set-hostname >
    
    # 在master添加hosts
    cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
    192.168.31.71 k8s-master
    192.168.31.72 k8s-node1
    192.168.31.73 k8s-node2
    EOF
    
    # 将桥接的IPv4流量传递到iptables的链
    cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
    net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
    net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
    EOF
    sysctl --system  # 生效
    
    # 时间同步
    yum install ntpdate -y
    ntpdate time.windows.com
    
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    二、部署Etcd集群

    Etcd 是一个分布式键值存储系统,Kubernetes使用Etcd进行数据存储,所以先准备一个Etcd数据库,为解决Etcd单点故障,应采用集群方式部署,这里使用3台组建集群,可容忍1台机器故障,当然,你也可以使用5台组建集群,可容忍2台机器故障。

    节点名称IP
    etcd-1192.168.31.71
    etcd-2192.168.31.72
    etcd-3192.168.31.73
    注:为了节省机器,这里与K8s节点机器复用。也可以独立于k8s集群之外部署,只要apiserver能连接到就行。

    2.1 准备cfssl证书生成工具

    cfssl是一个开源的证书管理工具,使用json文件生成证书,相比openssl更方便使用。
    找任意一台服务器操作,这里用Master节点。

    wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64
    wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64
    wget https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
    chmod +x cfssl_linux-amd64 cfssljson_linux-amd64 cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64
    mv cfssl_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssl
    mv cfssljson_linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
    mv cfssl-certinfo_linux-amd64 /usr/bin/cfssl-certinfo
    
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    2.2 生成Etcd证书

    1. 自签证书颁发机构(CA)

    创建工作目录:

    mkdir -p ~/TLS/{etcd,k8s}
    
    cd TLS/etcd
    
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    自签CA:

    cat > ca-config.json << EOF
    {
      "signing": {
        "default": {
          "expiry": "87600h"
        },
        "profiles": {
          "www": {
             "expiry": "87600h",
             "usages": [
                "signing",
                "key encipherment",
                "server auth",
                "client auth"
            ]
          }
        }
      }
    }
    EOF
    
    cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
    {
        "CN": "etcd CA",
        "key": {
            "algo": "rsa",
            "size": 2048
        },
        "names": [
            {
                "C": "CN",
                "L": "Beijing",
                "ST": "Beijing"
            }
        ]
    }
    EOF
    
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    生成证书:

    cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
    
    ls *pem
    ca-key.pem  ca.pem
    
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    2. 使用自签CA签发Etcd HTTPS证书

    创建证书申请文件:

    cat > server-csr.json << EOF
    {
        "CN": "etcd",
        "hosts": [
        "192.168.31.71",
        "192.168.31.72",
        "192.168.31.73"
        ],
        "key": {
            "algo": "rsa",
            "size": 2048
        },
        "names": [
            {
                "C": "CN",
                "L": "BeiJing",
                "ST": "BeiJing"
            }
        ]
    }
    EOF
    
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    注:上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有etcd节点的集群内部通信IP,一个都不能少!为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。
    生成证书:

    cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=www server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
    
    ls server*pem
    server-key.pem  server.pem
    
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    2.3 从Github下载二进制文件

    下载地址:https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.9/etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz

    2.4 部署Etcd集群

    以下在节点1上操作,为简化操作,待会将节点1生成的所有文件拷贝到节点2和节点3.

    1. 创建工作目录并解压二进制包

    mkdir /opt/etcd/{bin,cfg,ssl} -p
    tar zxvf etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64.tar.gz
    mv etcd-v3.4.9-linux-amd64/{etcd,etcdctl} /opt/etcd/bin/
    
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    2. 创建etcd配置文件

    cat > /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf << EOF
    #[Member]
    ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"
    ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
    ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2380"
    ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2379"
    #[Clustering]
    ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2380"
    ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2379"
    ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.31.71:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.31.72:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.31.73:2380"
    ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
    ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
    EOF
    ETCD_NAME:节点名称,集群中唯一
    ETCD_DATA_DIR:数据目录
    ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS:集群通信监听地址
    ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS:客户端访问监听地址
    ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS:集群通告地址
    ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS:客户端通告地址
    ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER:集群节点地址
    ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN:集群Token
    ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE:加入集群的当前状态,new是新集群,existing表示加入已有集群
    
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    3. systemd管理etcd

    cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service << EOF
    [Unit]
    Description=Etcd Server
    After=network.target
    After=network-online.target
    Wants=network-online.target
    [Service]
    Type=notify
    EnvironmentFile=/opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
    ExecStart=/opt/etcd/bin/etcd \
    --cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
    --key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
    --peer-cert-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \
    --peer-key-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \
    --trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
    --peer-trusted-ca-file=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \
    --logger=zap
    Restart=on-failure
    LimitNOFILE=65536
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    EOF
    
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    4. 拷贝刚才生成的证书

    把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径:

    cp ~/TLS/etcd/ca*pem ~/TLS/etcd/server*pem /opt/etcd/ssl/
    
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    5. 启动并设置开机启动

    systemctl daemon-reload
    systemctl start etcd
    systemctl enable etcd
    
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    6. 将上面节点1所有生成的文件拷贝到节点2和节点3

    scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.31.72:/opt/
    scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.31.72:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
    scp -r /opt/etcd/ root@192.168.31.73:/opt/
    scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/etcd.service root@192.168.31.73:/usr/lib/systemd/system/
    
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    然后在节点2和节点3分别修改etcd.conf配置文件中的节点名称和当前服务器IP:

    vi /opt/etcd/cfg/etcd.conf
    #[Member]
    ETCD_NAME="etcd-1"   # 修改此处,节点2改为etcd-2,节点3改为etcd-3
    ETCD_DATA_DIR="/var/lib/etcd/default.etcd"
    ETCD_LISTEN_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2380"   # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
    ETCD_LISTEN_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
    
    #[Clustering]
    ETCD_INITIAL_ADVERTISE_PEER_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2380" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
    ETCD_ADVERTISE_CLIENT_URLS="https://192.168.31.71:2379" # 修改此处为当前服务器IP
    ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER="etcd-1=https://192.168.31.71:2380,etcd-2=https://192.168.31.72:2380,etcd-3=https://192.168.31.73:2380"
    ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_TOKEN="etcd-cluster"
    ETCD_INITIAL_CLUSTER_STATE="new"
    
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    最后启动etcd并设置开机启动,同上。

    7. 查看集群状态

    ETCDCTL_API=3 /opt/etcd/bin/etcdctl --cacert=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem --cert=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem --key=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem --endpoints="https://192.168.31.71:2379,https://192.168.31.72:2379,https://192.168.31.73:2379" endpoint health
    
    https://192.168.31.71:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 8.154404ms
    https://192.168.31.73:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 9.044117ms
    https://192.168.31.72:2379 is healthy: successfully committed proposal: took = 10.000825ms
    
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    如果输出上面信息,就说明集群部署成功。如果有问题第一步先看日志:/var/log/message 或 journalctl -u etcd

    三、安装Docker

    下载地址:https://download.docker.com/linux/static/stable/x86_64/docker-19.03.9.tgz
    以下在所有节点操作。这里采用二进制安装,用yum安装也一样。

    3.1 解压二进制包

    tar zxvf docker-19.03.9.tgz
    mv docker/* /usr/bin
    
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    3.2 systemd管理docker

    cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service << EOF
    [Unit]
    Description=Docker Application Container Engine
    Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
    After=network-online.target firewalld.service
    Wants=network-online.target
    [Service]
    Type=notify
    ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
    ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
    LimitNOFILE=infinity
    LimitNPROC=infinity
    LimitCORE=infinity
    TimeoutStartSec=0
    Delegate=yes
    KillMode=process
    Restart=on-failure
    StartLimitBurst=3
    StartLimitInterval=60s
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    EOF
    
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    3.3 创建配置文件

    mkdir /etc/docker
    cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json << EOF
    {
      "registry-mirrors": ["https://b9pmyelo.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
    }
    EOF
    
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    • registry-mirrors 阿里云镜像加速器

    3.4 启动并设置开机启动

    systemctl daemon-reload
    systemctl start docker
    systemctl enable docker
    
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    四、部署Master Node

    如果你在学习中遇到问题或者文档有误可联系阿良~ 微信: init1024

    4.1 生成kube-apiserver证书

    1. 自签证书颁发机构(CA)

    cat > ca-config.json << EOF
    {
      "signing": {
        "default": {
          "expiry": "87600h"
        },
        "profiles": {
          "kubernetes": {
             "expiry": "87600h",
             "usages": [
                "signing",
                "key encipherment",
                "server auth",
                "client auth"
            ]
          }
        }
      }
    }
    EOF
    cat > ca-csr.json << EOF
    {
        "CN": "kubernetes",
        "key": {
            "algo": "rsa",
            "size": 2048
        },
        "names": [
            {
                "C": "CN",
                "L": "Beijing",
                "ST": "Beijing",
                "O": "k8s",
                "OU": "System"
            }
        ]
    }
    EOF
    
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    生成证书:

    cfssl gencert -initca ca-csr.json | cfssljson -bare ca -
    
    ls *pem
    ca-key.pem  ca.pem
    
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    2. 使用自签CA签发kube-apiserver HTTPS证书

    创建证书申请文件:

    cd TLS/k8s
    cat > server-csr.json << EOF
    {
        "CN": "kubernetes",
        "hosts": [
          "10.0.0.1",
          "127.0.0.1",
          "192.168.31.71",
          "192.168.31.72",
          "192.168.31.73",
          "192.168.31.74",
          "192.168.31.81",
          "192.168.31.82",
          "192.168.31.88",
          "kubernetes",
          "kubernetes.default",
          "kubernetes.default.svc",
          "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster",
          "kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local"
        ],
        "key": {
            "algo": "rsa",
            "size": 2048
        },
        "names": [
            {
                "C": "CN",
                "L": "BeiJing",
                "ST": "BeiJing",
                "O": "k8s",
                "OU": "System"
            }
        ]
    }
    EOF
    
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    注:上述文件hosts字段中IP为所有Master/LB/VIP IP,一个都不能少!为了方便后期扩容可以多写几个预留的IP。
    生成证书:

    cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes server-csr.json | cfssljson -bare server
    
    ls server*pem
    server-key.pem  server.pem
    
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    4.2 从Github下载二进制文件

    下载地址: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG/CHANGELOG-1.18.md#v1183
    注:打开链接你会发现里面有很多包,下载一个server包就够了,包含了Master和Worker Node二进制文件。
    #3 4.3 解压二进制包

    mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs} 
    tar zxvf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
    cd kubernetes/server/bin
    cp kube-apiserver kube-scheduler kube-controller-manager /opt/kubernetes/bin
    cp kubectl /usr/bin/
    
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    4.4 部署kube-apiserver

    首发地址:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/VYtyTU9_Dw9M5oHtvRfseA

    1. 创建配置文件

    cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf << EOF
    KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
    --v=2 \\
    --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
    --etcd-servers=https://192.168.31.71:2379,https://192.168.31.72:2379,https://192.168.31.73:2379 \\
    --bind-address=192.168.31.71 \\
    --secure-port=6443 \\
    --advertise-address=192.168.31.71 \\
    --allow-privileged=true \\
    --service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
    --enable-admission-plugins=NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,ResourceQuota,NodeRestriction \\
    --authorization-mode=RBAC,Node \\
    --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true \\
    --token-auth-file=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv \\
    --service-node-port-range=30000-32767 \\
    --kubelet-client-certificate=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem \\
    --kubelet-client-key=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
    --tls-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server.pem  \\
    --tls-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/server-key.pem \\
    --client-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
    --service-account-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
    --etcd-cafile=/opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem \\
    --etcd-certfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem \\
    --etcd-keyfile=/opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem \\
    --audit-log-maxage=30 \\
    --audit-log-maxbackup=3 \\
    --audit-log-maxsize=100 \\
    --audit-log-path=/opt/kubernetes/logs/k8s-audit.log"
    EOF
    
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    注:上面两个\ \ 第一个是转义符,第二个是换行符,使用转义符是为了使用EOF保留换行符。

    • logtostderr:启用日志
    • —v:日志等级
    • –log-dir:日志目录
    • –etcd-servers:etcd集群地址
    • –bind-address:监听地址
    • –secure-port:https安全端口
    • –advertise-address:集群通告地址
    • –allow-privileged:启用授权
    • –service-cluster-ip-range:Service虚拟IP地址段
    • –enable-admission-plugins:准入控制模块
    • –authorization-mode:认证授权,启用RBAC授权和节点自管理
    • –enable-bootstrap-token-auth:启用TLS bootstrap机制
    • –token-auth-file:bootstrap token文件
    • –service-node-port-range:Service nodeport类型默认分配端口范围
    • –kubelet-client-xxx:apiserver访问kubelet客户端证书
    • –tls-xxx-file:apiserver https证书
    • –etcd-xxxfile:连接Etcd集群证书
    • –audit-log-xxx:审计日志

    2. 拷贝刚才生成的证书

    把刚才生成的证书拷贝到配置文件中的路径:

    cp ~/TLS/k8s/ca*pem ~/TLS/k8s/server*pem /opt/kubernetes/ssl/
    
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    3. 启用 TLS Bootstrapping 机制

    TLS Bootstraping:Master apiserver启用TLS认证后,Node节点kubelet和kube-proxy要与kube-apiserver进行通信,必须使用CA签发的有效证书才可以,当Node节点很多时,这种客户端证书颁发需要大量工作,同样也会增加集群扩展复杂度。为了简化流程,Kubernetes引入了TLS bootstraping机制来自动颁发客户端证书,kubelet会以一个低权限用户自动向apiserver申请证书,kubelet的证书由apiserver动态签署。所以强烈建议在Node上使用这种方式,目前主要用于kubelet,kube-proxy还是由我们统一颁发一个证书。
    TLS bootstraping 工作流程:
    在这里插入图片描述
    创建上述配置文件中token文件:

    cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/token.csv << EOF
    c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940,kubelet-bootstrap,10001,"system:node-bootstrapper"
    EOF
    
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    格式:token,用户名,UID,用户组
    token也可自行生成替换:

    head -c 16 /dev/urandom | od -An -t x | tr -d ' '
    
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    4. systemd管理apiserver

    cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-apiserver.service << EOF
    [Unit]
    Description=Kubernetes API Server
    Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
    [Service]
    EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-apiserver.conf
    ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-apiserver \$KUBE_APISERVER_OPTS
    Restart=on-failure
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    EOF
    
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    5. 启动并设置开机启动

    systemctl daemon-reload
    systemctl start kube-apiserver
    systemctl enable kube-apiserver
    
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    6. 授权kubelet-bootstrap用户允许请求证书

    kubectl create clusterrolebinding kubelet-bootstrap \
    --clusterrole=system:node-bootstrapper \
    --user=kubelet-bootstrap
    
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    4.5 部署kube-controller-manager

    1. 创建配置文件

    cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf << EOF
    KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
    --v=2 \\
    --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
    --leader-elect=true \\
    --master=127.0.0.1:8080 \\
    --bind-address=127.0.0.1 \\
    --allocate-node-cidrs=true \\
    --cluster-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 \\
    --service-cluster-ip-range=10.0.0.0/24 \\
    --cluster-signing-cert-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
    --cluster-signing-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem  \\
    --root-ca-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \\
    --service-account-private-key-file=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca-key.pem \\
    --experimental-cluster-signing-duration=87600h0m0s"
    EOF
    
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    • –master:通过本地非安全本地端口8080连接apiserver。
    • –leader-elect:当该组件启动多个时,自动选举(HA)
    • –cluster-signing-cert-file/–cluster-signing-key-file:自动为kubelet颁发证书的CA,与apiserver保持一致

    2. systemd管理controller-manager

    cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-controller-manager.service << EOF
    [Unit]
    Description=Kubernetes Controller Manager
    Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
    [Service]
    EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-controller-manager.conf
    ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-controller-manager \$KUBE_CONTROLLER_MANAGER_OPTS
    Restart=on-failure
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    EOF
    
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    3. 启动并设置开机启动

    systemctl daemon-reload
    systemctl start kube-controller-manager
    systemctl enable kube-controller-manager
    
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    4.6 部署kube-scheduler

    ### 1. 创建配置文件
    cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf << EOF
    KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \
    --v=2 \
    --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \
    --leader-elect \
    --master=127.0.0.1:8080 \
    --bind-address=127.0.0.1"
    EOF
    
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    • –master:通过本地非安全本地端口8080连接apiserver。
    • –leader-elect:当该组件启动多个时,自动选举(HA)

    2. systemd管理scheduler

    cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-scheduler.service << EOF
    [Unit]
    Description=Kubernetes Scheduler
    Documentation=https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes
    [Service]
    EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-scheduler.conf
    ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-scheduler \$KUBE_SCHEDULER_OPTS
    Restart=on-failure
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    EOF
    
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    3. 启动并设置开机启动

    systemctl daemon-reload
    systemctl start kube-scheduler
    systemctl enable kube-scheduler
    
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    4. 查看集群状态

    所有组件都已经启动成功,通过kubectl工具查看当前集群组件状态:

    kubectl get cs
    NAME                 STATUS    MESSAGE             ERROR
    scheduler            Healthy   ok                  
    controller-manager   Healthy   ok                  
    etcd-2               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
    etcd-1               Healthy   {"health":"true"}   
    etcd-0               Healthy   {"health":"true"}  
    
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    如上输出说明Master节点组件运行正常。

    五、部署Worker Node

    如果你在学习中遇到问题或者文档有误可联系阿良~ 微信: init1024
    下面还是在Master Node上操作,即同时作为Worker Node

    5.1 创建工作目录并拷贝二进制文件

    在所有worker node创建工作目录:

    mkdir -p /opt/kubernetes/{bin,cfg,ssl,logs} 
    
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    从master节点拷贝:

    cd kubernetes/server/bin
    cp kubelet kube-proxy /opt/kubernetes/bin   # 本地拷贝
    
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    5.2 部署kubelet

    1. 创建配置文件

    cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf << EOF
    KUBELET_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
    --v=2 \\
    --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
    --hostname-override=k8s-master \\
    --network-plugin=cni \\
    --kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig \\
    --bootstrap-kubeconfig=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/bootstrap.kubeconfig \\
    --config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml \\
    --cert-dir=/opt/kubernetes/ssl \\
    --pod-infra-container-image=lizhenliang/pause-amd64:3.0"
    EOF
    
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    • –hostname-override:显示名称,集群中唯一
    • –network-plugin:启用CNI
    • –kubeconfig:空路径,会自动生成,后面用于连接apiserver
    • –bootstrap-kubeconfig:首次启动向apiserver申请证书
    • –config:配置参数文件
    • –cert-dir:kubelet证书生成目录
    • –pod-infra-container-image:管理Pod网络容器的镜像

    2. 配置参数文件

    cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet-config.yml << EOF
    kind: KubeletConfiguration
    apiVersion: kubelet.config.k8s.io/v1beta1
    address: 0.0.0.0
    port: 10250
    readOnlyPort: 10255
    cgroupDriver: cgroupfs
    clusterDNS:
    - 10.0.0.2
    clusterDomain: cluster.local 
    failSwapOn: false
    authentication:
      anonymous:
        enabled: false
      webhook:
        cacheTTL: 2m0s
        enabled: true
      x509:
        clientCAFile: /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem 
    authorization:
      mode: Webhook
      webhook:
        cacheAuthorizedTTL: 5m0s
        cacheUnauthorizedTTL: 30s
    evictionHard:
      imagefs.available: 15%
      memory.available: 100Mi
      nodefs.available: 10%
      nodefs.inodesFree: 5%
    maxOpenFiles: 1000000
    maxPods: 110
    EOF
    
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    3. 生成bootstrap.kubeconfig文件

    KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.31.71:6443" # apiserver IP:PORT
    TOKEN="c47ffb939f5ca36231d9e3121a252940" # 与token.csv里保持一致
    
    # 生成 kubelet bootstrap kubeconfig 配置文件
    kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
      --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
      --embed-certs=true \
      --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
      --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
    kubectl config set-credentials "kubelet-bootstrap" \
      --token=${TOKEN} \
      --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
    kubectl config set-context default \
      --cluster=kubernetes \
      --user="kubelet-bootstrap" \
      --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
    kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=bootstrap.kubeconfig
    
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    拷贝到配置文件路径:

    cp bootstrap.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg
    
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    4. systemd管理kubelet

    cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kubelet.service << EOF
    [Unit]
    Description=Kubernetes Kubelet
    After=docker.service
    [Service]
    EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
    ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kubelet \$KUBELET_OPTS
    Restart=on-failure
    LimitNOFILE=65536
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    EOF
    5. 启动并设置开机启动
    systemctl daemon-reload
    systemctl start kubelet
    systemctl enable kubelet
    
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    5.3 批准kubelet证书申请并加入集群

    # 查看kubelet证书请求
    kubectl get csr
    NAME                                                   AGE    SIGNERNAME                                    REQUESTOR           CONDITION
    node-csr-uCEGPOIiDdlLODKts8J658HrFq9CZ--K6M4G7bjhk8A   6m3s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Pending
    
    # 批准申请
    kubectl certificate approve node-csr-uCEGPOIiDdlLODKts8J658HrFq9CZ--K6M4G7bjhk8A
    
    # 查看节点
    kubectl get node
    NAME         STATUS     ROLES    AGE   VERSION
    k8s-master   NotReady      7s    v1.18.3
    
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    注:由于网络插件还没有部署,节点会没有准备就绪 NotReady

    5.4 部署kube-proxy

    1. 创建配置文件

    cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf << EOF
    KUBE_PROXY_OPTS="--logtostderr=false \\
    --v=2 \\
    --log-dir=/opt/kubernetes/logs \\
    --config=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml"
    EOF
    
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    2. 配置参数文件

    cat > /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml << EOF
    kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
    apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
    bindAddress: 0.0.0.0
    metricsBindAddress: 0.0.0.0:10249
    clientConnection:
      kubeconfig: /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.kubeconfig
    hostnameOverride: k8s-master
    clusterCIDR: 10.0.0.0/24
    EOF
    
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    3. 生成kube-proxy.kubeconfig文件

    生成kube-proxy证书:

    # 切换工作目录
    cd TLS/k8s
    
    # 创建证书请求文件
    cat > kube-proxy-csr.json << EOF
    {
      "CN": "system:kube-proxy",
      "hosts": [],
      "key": {
        "algo": "rsa",
        "size": 2048
      },
      "names": [
        {
          "C": "CN",
          "L": "BeiJing",
          "ST": "BeiJing",
          "O": "k8s",
          "OU": "System"
        }
      ]
    }
    EOF
    
    # 生成证书
    cfssl gencert -ca=ca.pem -ca-key=ca-key.pem -config=ca-config.json -profile=kubernetes kube-proxy-csr.json | cfssljson -bare kube-proxy
    
    ls kube-proxy*pem
    kube-proxy-key.pem  kube-proxy.pem
    
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    生成kubeconfig文件:

    KUBE_APISERVER="https://192.168.31.71:6443"
    
    kubectl config set-cluster kubernetes \
      --certificate-authority=/opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem \
      --embed-certs=true \
      --server=${KUBE_APISERVER} \
      --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
    kubectl config set-credentials kube-proxy \
      --client-certificate=./kube-proxy.pem \
      --client-key=./kube-proxy-key.pem \
      --embed-certs=true \
      --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
    kubectl config set-context default \
      --cluster=kubernetes \
      --user=kube-proxy \
      --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
    kubectl config use-context default --kubeconfig=kube-proxy.kubeconfig
    
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    拷贝到配置文件指定路径:

    cp kube-proxy.kubeconfig /opt/kubernetes/cfg/
    
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    4. systemd管理kube-proxy

    cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/kube-proxy.service << EOF
    [Unit]
    Description=Kubernetes Proxy
    After=network.target
    [Service]
    EnvironmentFile=/opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy.conf
    ExecStart=/opt/kubernetes/bin/kube-proxy \$KUBE_PROXY_OPTS
    Restart=on-failure
    LimitNOFILE=65536
    [Install]
    WantedBy=multi-user.target
    EOF
    
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    5. 启动并设置开机启动

    systemctl daemon-reload
    systemctl start kube-proxy
    systemctl enable kube-proxy
    
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    5.5 部署CNI网络

    先准备好CNI二进制文件:
    下载地址:https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/v0.8.6/cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz
    解压二进制包并移动到默认工作目录:

    mkdir /opt/cni/bin
    tar zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin
    
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    部署CNI网络:

    wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
    sed -i -r "s#quay.io/coreos/flannel:.*-amd64#lizhenliang/flannel:v0.12.0-amd64#g" kube-flannel.yml
    
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    默认镜像地址无法访问,修改为docker hub镜像仓库。

    kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml
    
    kubectl get pods -n kube-system
    NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
    kube-flannel-ds-amd64-2pc95   1/1     Running   0          72s
    
    kubectl get node
    NAME         STATUS   ROLES    AGE   VERSION
    k8s-master   Ready       41m   v1.18.3
    
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    部署好网络插件,Node准备就绪。

    5.6 授权apiserver访问kubelet

    cat > apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml << EOF
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    kind: ClusterRole
    metadata:
      annotations:
        rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
      labels:
        kubernetes.io/bootstrapping: rbac-defaults
      name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
    rules:
      - apiGroups:
          - ""
        resources:
          - nodes/proxy
          - nodes/stats
          - nodes/log
          - nodes/spec
          - nodes/metrics
          - pods/log
        verbs:
          - "*"
    ---
    apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
    kind: ClusterRoleBinding
    metadata:
      name: system:kube-apiserver
      namespace: ""
    roleRef:
      apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
      kind: ClusterRole
      name: system:kube-apiserver-to-kubelet
    subjects:
      - apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
        kind: User
        name: kubernetes
    EOF
    
    kubectl apply -f apiserver-to-kubelet-rbac.yaml
    
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    5.7 新增加Worker Node

    1. 拷贝已部署好的Node相关文件到新节点

    在master节点将Worker Node涉及文件拷贝到新节点192.168.31.72/73

    scp -r /opt/kubernetes root@192.168.31.72:/opt/
    
    scp -r /usr/lib/systemd/system/{kubelet,kube-proxy}.service root@192.168.31.72:/usr/lib/systemd/system
    
    scp -r /opt/cni/ root@192.168.31.72:/opt/
    
    scp /opt/kubernetes/ssl/ca.pem root@192.168.31.72:/opt/kubernetes/ssl
    
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    2. 删除kubelet证书和kubeconfig文件

    rm /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.kubeconfig 
    rm -f /opt/kubernetes/ssl/kubelet*
    
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    注:这几个文件是证书申请审批后自动生成的,每个Node不同,必须删除重新生成。

    3. 修改主机名

    vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kubelet.conf
    --hostname-override=k8s-node1
    
    vi /opt/kubernetes/cfg/kube-proxy-config.yml
    hostnameOverride: k8s-node1
    
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    4. 启动并设置开机启动

    systemctl daemon-reload
    systemctl start kubelet
    systemctl enable kubelet
    systemctl start kube-proxy
    systemctl enable kube-proxy
    
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    5. 在Master上批准新Node kubelet证书申请

    kubectl get csr
    NAME                                                   AGE   SIGNERNAME                                    REQUESTOR           CONDITION
    node-csr-4zTjsaVSrhuyhIGqsefxzVoZDCNKei-aE2jyTP81Uro   89s   kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver-client-kubelet   kubelet-bootstrap   Pending
    
    kubectl certificate approve node-csr-4zTjsaVSrhuyhIGqsefxzVoZDCNKei-aE2jyTP81Uro
    
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    6. 查看Node状态

    kubectl get node
    NAME         STATUS     ROLES    AGE   VERSION
    k8s-master   Ready         65m   v1.18.3
    k8s-node1    Ready         12m   v1.18.3
    k8s-node2    Ready         81s   v1.18.3
    
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    Node2(192.168.31.73 )节点同上。记得修改主机名!

    六、部署Dashboard和CoreDNS

    6.1 部署Dashboard

    $ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.0.0-beta8/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml
    
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    默认Dashboard只能集群内部访问,修改Service为NodePort类型,暴露到外部:

    vi recommended.yaml
    kind: Service
    apiVersion: v1
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
      name: kubernetes-dashboard
      namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      ports:
        - port: 443
          targetPort: 8443
          nodePort: 30001
      type: NodePort
      selector:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    
    kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
    kubectl get pods,svc -n kubernetes-dashboard
    NAME                                             READY   STATUS              RESTARTS   AGE
    pod/dashboard-metrics-scraper-694557449d-z8gfb   1/1     Running             0          2m18s
    pod/kubernetes-dashboard-9774cc786-q2gsx         1/1     Running		     0          2m19s
    
    NAME                                TYPE        CLUSTER-IP   EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)         AGE
    service/dashboard-metrics-scraper   ClusterIP   10.0.0.141           8000/TCP        2m19s
    service/kubernetes-dashboard        NodePort    10.0.0.239           443:30001/TCP   2m19s
    
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    访问地址:https://NodeIP:30001
    创建service account并绑定默认cluster-admin管理员集群角色:

    kubectl create serviceaccount dashboard-admin -n kube-system
    kubectl create clusterrolebinding dashboard-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:dashboard-admin
    kubectl describe secrets -n kube-system $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk '/dashboard-admin/{print $1}')
    
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    使用输出的token登录Dashboard。

    6.2 部署CoreDNS

    CoreDNS用于集群内部Service名称解析。

    kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml
    
    kubectl get pods -n kube-system 
    NAME                          READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
    coredns-5ffbfd976d-j6shb      1/1     Running   0          32s
    kube-flannel-ds-amd64-2pc95   1/1     Running   0          38m
    kube-flannel-ds-amd64-7qhdx   1/1     Running   0          15m
    kube-flannel-ds-amd64-99cr8   1/1     Running   0          26m
    
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    DNS解析测试:

    kubectl run -it --rm dns-test --image=busybox:1.28.4 sh
    If you don't see a command prompt, try pressing enter.
    
    / # nslookup kubernetes
    Server:    10.0.0.2
    Address 1: 10.0.0.2 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local
    
    Name:      kubernetes
    Address 1: 10.0.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
    
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    解析没问题。
    至此,单Master集群部署完成,下一篇扩容为多Master集群~

    首发地址:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/VYtyTU9_Dw9M5oHtvRfseA
    K8s学习视频资料,云盘链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1ORAL_xRr1SFRmnyiSgC0dw
    提取码:1es0

    stem $(kubectl -n kube-system get secret | awk ‘/dashboard-admin/{print $1}’)

    使用输出的token登录Dashboard。
    
    
    
    ## 6.2 部署CoreDNS
    CoreDNS用于集群内部Service名称解析。
    
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    kubectl apply -f coredns.yaml

    kubectl get pods -n kube-system
    NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
    coredns-5ffbfd976d-j6shb 1/1 Running 0 32s
    kube-flannel-ds-amd64-2pc95 1/1 Running 0 38m
    kube-flannel-ds-amd64-7qhdx 1/1 Running 0 15m
    kube-flannel-ds-amd64-99cr8 1/1 Running 0 26m

    DNS解析测试:
    
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    kubectl run -it --rm dns-test --image=busybox:1.28.4 sh
    If you don’t see a command prompt, try pressing enter.

    / # nslookup kubernetes
    Server: 10.0.0.2
    Address 1: 10.0.0.2 kube-dns.kube-system.svc.cluster.local

    Name: kubernetes
    Address 1: 10.0.0.1 kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local

    解析没问题。  
    至此,单Master集群部署完成,下一篇扩容为多Master集群~  
    
    首发地址:https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/VYtyTU9_Dw9M5oHtvRfseA  
    K8s学习视频资料,云盘链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1ORAL_xRr1SFRmnyiSgC0dw  
    提取码:1es0   
    
    
    
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  • 原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/linjie_830914/article/details/128171631