目录
二、Publisher-Subscriber(发布-订阅模式)
1、使用Request-Reply模式,需要遵循一定的规律。
2、客户端必要先发送消息,在接收消息;服务端必须先进行接收客户端发送过来的消息,在发送应答给客户端,如此循环
3、服务端和客户端谁先启动,效果都是一样的。
4、服务端在收到消息之前,会一直阻塞,等待客户端连上来。
创建一个客户端和服务端,客户端发送消息给服务端,服务端返回消息给客户端,客户端和服务器谁先启动都可以。
server.cpp
- #include
- #include
- #include
- #ifndef _WIN32
- #include
- #else
- #include
-
- #define sleep(n) Sleep(n)
- #endif
-
- int main () {
- // Prepare our context and socket
- zmq::context_t context (2);
- zmq::socket_t socket (context, zmq::socket_type::rep);
- socket.bind ("tcp://*:5555");
-
- while (true) {
- zmq::message_t request;
-
- // Wait for next request from client
- socket.recv (request, zmq::recv_flags::none);
- std::cout << "Received Hello" << std::endl;
-
- // Do some 'work'
- sleep(1);
-
- // Send reply back to client
- zmq::message_t reply (5);
- memcpy (reply.data (), "World", 5);
- socket.send (reply, zmq::send_flags::none);
- }
- return 0;
- }
client.cpp
- #include
- #include
- #include
-
- int main ()
- {
- // Prepare our context and socket
- zmq::context_t context (1);
- zmq::socket_t socket (context, zmq::socket_type::req);
-
- std::cout << "Connecting to hello world server..." << std::endl;
- socket.connect ("tcp://localhost:5555");
-
- // Do 10 requests, waiting each time for a response
- for (int request_nbr = 0; request_nbr != 10; request_nbr++) {
- zmq::message_t request (5);
- memcpy (request.data (), "Hello", 5);
- std::cout << "Sending Hello " << request_nbr << "..." << std::endl;
- socket.send (request, zmq::send_flags::none);
-
- // Get the reply.
- zmq::message_t reply;
- socket.recv (reply, zmq::recv_flags::none);
- std::cout << "Received World " << request_nbr << std::endl;
- }
- return 0;
- }
Publisher-Subscriber模式,消息是单向流动的,发布者只能发布消息,不能接受消息;订阅者只能接受消息,不能发送消息。
服务端发布消息的过程中,如果有订阅者退出,不影响发布者继续发布消息,当订阅者再次连接上来,收到的消息是后来发布的消息
比较晚加入的订阅者,或者中途离开的订阅者,必然会丢掉一部分信息
如果发布者停止,所有的订阅者会阻塞,等发布者再次上线的时候回继续接受消息。
"慢连接": 我们不知道订阅者是何时开始接受消息的,就算启动"订阅者",在启动"发布者", "订阅者"还是会缺失一部分的消息,因为建立连接是需要时间的,虽然时间很短,但不是零。ZMQ在后台是进行异步的IO传输,在建立TCP连接的短短的时间段内,ZMQ就可以发送很多消息了。
publisher.cpp
- #include
- #include
- #include
- #include
-
- #if (defined (WIN32))
- #include
- #endif
-
- #define within(num) (int) ((float) num * random () / (RAND_MAX + 1.0))
-
- int main () {
-
- // Prepare our context and publisher
- zmq::context_t context (1);
- zmq::socket_t publisher (context, zmq::socket_type::pub);
- publisher.bind("tcp://*:5556");
- publisher.bind("ipc://weather.ipc"); // Not usable on Windows.
-
- // Initialize random number generator
- srandom ((unsigned) time (NULL));
- while (1) {
-
- int zipcode, temperature, relhumidity;
-
- // Get values that will fool the boss
- zipcode = within (100000);
- temperature = within (215) - 80;
- relhumidity = within (50) + 10;
-
- // Send message to all subscribers
- zmq::message_t message(20);
- snprintf ((char *) message.data(), 20 ,
- "%05d %d %d", zipcode, temperature, relhumidity);
- publisher.send(message, zmq::send_flags::none);
-
- }
- return 0;
- }
subscriber.cpp
- #include
- #include
- #include
-
- int main (int argc, char *argv[])
- {
- zmq::context_t context (1);
-
- // Socket to talk to server
- std::cout << "Collecting updates from weather server...\n" << std::endl;
- zmq::socket_t subscriber (context, zmq::socket_type::sub);
- subscriber.connect("tcp://localhost:5556");
-
- // Subscribe to zipcode, default is NYC, 10001
- const char *filter = (argc > 1)? argv [1]: "10001 ";
- subscriber.setsockopt(ZMQ_SUBSCRIBE, filter, strlen (filter));
-
- // Process 100 updates
- int update_nbr;
- long total_temp = 0;
- for (update_nbr = 0; update_nbr < 100; update_nbr++) {
-
- zmq::message_t update;
- int zipcode, temperature, relhumidity;
-
- subscriber.recv(update, zmq::recv_flags::none);
-
- std::istringstream iss(static_cast<char*>(update.data()));
- iss >> zipcode >> temperature >> relhumidity ;
-
- total_temp += temperature;
- }
- std::cout << "Average temperature for zipcode '"<< filter
- <<"' was "<<(int) (total_temp / update_nbr) <<"F"
- << std::endl;
- return 0;
- }
1、Ventilator:任务发布器会生成大量可以并行运算的任务。
2、Worker:有一组worker会处理这些任务。
3、Sink:结果接收器会在末端接收所有的Worker的处理结果,进行汇总。
4、Worker上游和"任务发布器"相连,下游和"结果接收器"相连。
5、"任务发布器" 和 "结果接收器"是这个网路结构中比较稳定的部分,由他们绑定至端点。
6、Worker只是连接两个端点。
7、需要等Worker全部启动后,在进行任务分发。Socket的连接会消耗一定时间(慢连接), 如果不尽兴同步的话,第一个Worker启动。
8、会一下子接收很多任务。
9、"任务分发器" 会向Worker均匀的分发任务(负载均衡机制)。
10、"结果接收器" 会均匀地从Worker处收集消息(公平队列机制)。
taskvent.cpp
- #include
- #include
- #include
- #include
- #include
-
- #define within(num) (int) ((float) num * random () / (RAND_MAX + 1.0))
-
- int main (int argc, char *argv[])
- {
- zmq::context_t context (1);
-
- // Socket to send messages on
- zmq::socket_t sender(context, ZMQ_PUSH);
- sender.bind("tcp://*:5557");
-
- std::cout << "Press Enter when the workers are ready: " << std::endl;
- getchar ();
- std::cout << "Sending tasks to workers...\n" << std::endl;
-
- // The first message is "0" and signals start of batch
- zmq::socket_t sink(context, ZMQ_PUSH);
- sink.connect("tcp://localhost:5558");
- zmq::message_t message(2);
- memcpy(message.data(), "0", 1);
- sink.send(message);
-
- // Initialize random number generator
- srandom ((unsigned) time (NULL));
-
- // Send 100 tasks
- int task_nbr;
- int total_msec = 0; // Total expected cost in msecs
- for (task_nbr = 0; task_nbr < 100; task_nbr++) {
- int workload;
- // Random workload from 1 to 100msecs
- workload = within (100) + 1;
- total_msec += workload;
-
- message.rebuild(10);
- memset(message.data(), '\0', 10);
- sprintf ((char *) message.data(), "%d", workload);
- sender.send(message);
- }
- std::cout << "Total expected cost: " << total_msec << " msec" << std::endl;
- sleep (1); // Give 0MQ time to deliver
-
- return 0;
- }
taskwork.cpp
- #include "zhelpers.hpp"
- #include
-
- int main (int argc, char *argv[])
- {
- zmq::context_t context(1);
-
- // Socket to receive messages on
- zmq::socket_t receiver(context, ZMQ_PULL);
- receiver.connect("tcp://localhost:5557");
-
- // Socket to send messages to
- zmq::socket_t sender(context, ZMQ_PUSH);
- sender.connect("tcp://localhost:5558");
-
- // Process tasks forever
- while (1) {
-
- zmq::message_t message;
- int workload; // Workload in msecs
-
- receiver.recv(&message);
- std::string smessage(static_cast<char*>(message.data()), message.size());
-
- std::istringstream iss(smessage);
- iss >> workload;
-
- // Do the work
- s_sleep(workload);
-
- // Send results to sink
- message.rebuild();
- sender.send(message);
-
- // Simple progress indicator for the viewer
- std::cout << "." << std::flush;
- }
- return 0;
- }
tasksink.cpp
- #include
- #include
- #include
- #include
-
- int main (int argc, char *argv[])
- {
- // Prepare our context and socket
- zmq::context_t context(1);
- zmq::socket_t receiver(context,ZMQ_PULL);
- receiver.bind("tcp://*:5558");
-
- // Wait for start of batch
- zmq::message_t message;
- receiver.recv(&message);
-
- // Start our clock now
- struct timeval tstart;
- gettimeofday (&tstart, NULL);
-
- // Process 100 confirmations
- int task_nbr;
- int total_msec = 0; // Total calculated cost in msecs
- for (task_nbr = 0; task_nbr < 100; task_nbr++) {
-
- receiver.recv(&message);
- if (task_nbr % 10 == 0)
- std::cout << ":" << std::flush;
- else
- std::cout << "." << std::flush;
- }
- // Calculate and report duration of batch
- struct timeval tend, tdiff;
- gettimeofday (&tend, NULL);
-
- if (tend.tv_usec < tstart.tv_usec) {
- tdiff.tv_sec = tend.tv_sec - tstart.tv_sec - 1;
- tdiff.tv_usec = 1000000 + tend.tv_usec - tstart.tv_usec;
- }
- else {
- tdiff.tv_sec = tend.tv_sec - tstart.tv_sec;
- tdiff.tv_usec = tend.tv_usec - tstart.tv_usec;
- }
- total_msec = tdiff.tv_sec * 1000 + tdiff.tv_usec / 1000;
- std::cout << "\nTotal elapsed time: " << total_msec << " msec\n" << std::endl;
- return 0;
- }