在日常工作中,若是经常跟后台管理系统打交道的朋友想必对导出excel表格这种需求肯定很熟悉吧。不过我也问了身边的一些岗位为后端工程师的朋友,他们说在公司的话一般导出excel表格的工作一般由后端来做,前端只需要调用接口即可。我的话,由前端导出或者后端导出的两种方式我都有做过,以此想记录一下,总结一下我是如何针对不同的方式将表格数据以excel的格式导出的。同时呢,若文章中有不足的地方,也欢迎大家的指正,相互学习~
如果你在工作中,导出excel表格这个工作主要放在后端的话,那么就会比较简单啦,前端只需要向后台发起请求,后端则会返回这个excel文件,我们只需要在前端将其下载下来即可,以下是具体的实现方式:
导出的主要逻辑:@/utils/excel文件下的exportExcel方法
-
- /**
- * @param {function} callback
- * @param {Object} value
- * 导出数据->二进制流转成Blob
- */
- export function exportExcel(data, excelName) {
- let blob = new Blob([data], { type: 'application/vnd.ms-excel' })//一定要指定这个type,具体是要看后台返回的文件是什么格式,可能有点不一样
- const $link = document.createElement('a')
- $link.href = URL.createObjectURL(blob)
- $link.download = `${excelName}.xlsx`
- $link.click()
- document.body.appendChild($link)
- document.body.removeChild($link)
- window.URL.revokeObjectURL($link.href)
- }
向后台发送请求,拿到文件流,再调用上面的exportExcel方法直接在前端进行下载
- import { exportExcel } from '@/utils/excel'
-
- // 后端导出)
- async exportYear() {
- this.exportExcelYearLoading = true
- const res = await exportListYear(this.listQuery)//exportListYear是请求api,this.listQuery是请求参数,这个实际情况根据你们的业务需求来
- exportExcel(res.data, this.excelYearName)//exportExcel是在这里做了一层封装,便于其他页面也有导出功能的复用
- setTimeout(() => {
- this.exportExcelYearLoading = false
- }, 1000)
- },
注意点:前端请求的时候接收数据的格式也需要定义的,不然无法正确接收到后台返回的正确数据格式,如以下:
- // 导出排班信息
- export function exportList(data) {
- return request({
- url: '/hsz/manage/gvs/workShiftManage/export',
- method: 'post',
- responseType: 'blob',//这个类型一定要定义
- data: qs.stringify(data)
- })
- }
由于项目中用的是Vue+iView,且原本iView组件的表格中有自带导出表格的功能,只不过导出的格式cvs的格式,如果需求没有规定一定是excel格式的,可以使用这个方法,毕竟特别方面,我们只需要调用即可
然后我们这里的需求是,可以导出用户搜索过滤后的结果,同时也是导出所有的数据而非当前页,因此这里就要给exportCsv指定data数据。具体的实现如下:
- exportDevices(type) {
- this.pageIndex = -1//目的是为了请求所有的数据
- this.pageSize = 10
- this.getDevList()//获取得到所有数据deviceList
- this.tableLoading = true
- setTimeout(() => {
- this.$refs.table.exportCsv({
- filename: 'Sorting and filtering data',
- original: false,
- // data: this.deviceList,//如果没有特殊的格式处理,则这里直接写入请求回来的表格数据
- data: this.deviceList.map(k => {
- k.deviceId = '\t' + k.deviceId//这里是对数据进行了二次处理,比如有些整型的数据过长的时候,导出的表格会显示科学计数的方式,这里是换行操作
- return k
- })
- })
- }, 1000)
- setTimeout(() => {
- this.pageIndex = 1//导出表格后恢复为第一页数据
- this.pageSize = 10
- this.getDevList()
- this.tableLoading = false
- }, 1000)
- }
注意:针对若用户有进行搜索过滤的操作时,我们只导出用户过滤之后的结果这个问题,由于我们在获取表格dataList数据的时候,请求参数必然会带有过滤条件,若用户有进行搜索记录,那避让data中的搜索参会会记录用户的搜索记录,则dataList也会跟着实时变化,那此时我们导出来的表格数据必然是搜索之后的结果。
具体操作步骤如下
1.下载相关的依赖包
2.将Blob.js 和 Export2Excel.js放在assets目录下(下文会给出这两个文件的具体代码,需要的朋友可以下方自取),同个层级,比如:
3.代码实现
- exportDevices() {
- this.pageIndex = -1
- this.pageSize = 10
- this.getDevList()
- this.tableLoading = true
- setTimeout(() => {
- require.ensure([], () => {
- const { export_json_to_excel } = require('@/assets/js/Export2Excel') //这个地址和页面的位置相关,这个地址是
- const tHeader = [this.$t('deviceCenter.deviceId'), this.$t('deviceCenter.deviceName'), this.$t('deviceCenter.mac'), this.$t('deviceCenter.online'), this.$t('deviceCenter.productId'), this.$t('deviceCenter.productName'), this.$t('deviceCenter.secret'), this.$t('deviceCenter.syncStatus'), this.$t('deviceCenter.tenantId'), this.$t('deviceCenter.createTime'), this.$t('deviceCenter.updateTime')]//表头header
- const filterVal = ['deviceId', 'deviceName', 'mac', 'online', 'productId', 'productName', 'secret', 'syncStatus', 'tenantId', 'createTime', 'updateTime']; //与表格数据配合 可以是iview表格中的key的数组
- const data = this.formatJson(filterVal, this.dataList)
- console.log('格式化前的数据', this.dataList)
- console.log('格式化后的数据', data)
- export_json_to_excel(tHeader, data, '列表excel') //列表excel 这个是导出表单的名称
- })
- }, 500)
- setTimeout(() => {
- this.pageIndex = 1
- this.pageSize = 10
- this.getDevList()
- this.tableLoading = false
- }, 1000)
- },
- //json数据数据转换
- formatJson(filterVal, tableData) {
- return tableData.map(v => {
- return filterVal.map(j => {
- return v[j]
- })
- })
- },
Blob.js文件:
- /* Blob.js
- * A Blob implementation.
- * 2014-05-27
- *
- * By Eli Grey, http://eligrey.com
- * By Devin Samarin, https://github.com/eboyjr
- * License: X11/MIT
- * See LICENSE.md
- */
-
- /*global self, unescape */
- /*jslint bitwise: true, regexp: true, confusion: true, es5: true, vars: true, white: true,
- plusplus: true */
-
- /*! @source http://purl.eligrey.com/github/Blob.js/blob/master/Blob.js */
-
- (function (view) {
- "use strict";
-
- view.URL = view.URL || view.webkitURL;
-
- if (view.Blob && view.URL) {
- try {
- new Blob;
- return;
- } catch (e) {}
- }
-
- // Internally we use a BlobBuilder implementation to base Blob off of
- // in order to support older browsers that only have BlobBuilder
- var BlobBuilder = view.BlobBuilder || view.WebKitBlobBuilder || view.MozBlobBuilder || (function(view) {
- var
- get_class = function(object) {
- return Object.prototype.toString.call(object).match(/^\[object\s(.*)\]$/)[1];
- }
- , FakeBlobBuilder = function BlobBuilder() {
- this.data = [];
- }
- , FakeBlob = function Blob(data, type, encoding) {
- this.data = data;
- this.size = data.length;
- this.type = type;
- this.encoding = encoding;
- }
- , FBB_proto = FakeBlobBuilder.prototype
- , FB_proto = FakeBlob.prototype
- , FileReaderSync = view.FileReaderSync
- , FileException = function(type) {
- this.code = this[this.name = type];
- }
- , file_ex_codes = (
- "NOT_FOUND_ERR SECURITY_ERR ABORT_ERR NOT_READABLE_ERR ENCODING_ERR "
- + "NO_MODIFICATION_ALLOWED_ERR INVALID_STATE_ERR SYNTAX_ERR"
- ).split(" ")
- , file_ex_code = file_ex_codes.length
- , real_URL = view.URL || view.webkitURL || view
- , real_create_object_URL = real_URL.createObjectURL
- , real_revoke_object_URL = real_URL.revokeObjectURL
- , URL = real_URL
- , btoa = view.btoa
- , atob = view.atob
-
- , ArrayBuffer = view.ArrayBuffer
- , Uint8Array = view.Uint8Array
- ;
- FakeBlob.fake = FB_proto.fake = true;
- while (file_ex_code--) {
- FileException.prototype[file_ex_codes[file_ex_code]] = file_ex_code + 1;
- }
- if (!real_URL.createObjectURL) {
- URL = view.URL = {};
- }
- URL.createObjectURL = function(blob) {
- var
- type = blob.type
- , data_URI_header
- ;
- if (type === null) {
- type = "application/octet-stream";
- }
- if (blob instanceof FakeBlob) {
- data_URI_header = "data:" + type;
- if (blob.encoding === "base64") {
- return data_URI_header + ";base64," + blob.data;
- } else if (blob.encoding === "URI") {
- return data_URI_header + "," + decodeURIComponent(blob.data);
- } if (btoa) {
- return data_URI_header + ";base64," + btoa(blob.data);
- } else {
- return data_URI_header + "," + encodeURIComponent(blob.data);
- }
- } else if (real_create_object_URL) {
- return real_create_object_URL.call(real_URL, blob);
- }
- };
- URL.revokeObjectURL = function(object_URL) {
- if (object_URL.substring(0, 5) !== "data:" && real_revoke_object_URL) {
- real_revoke_object_URL.call(real_URL, object_URL);
- }
- };
- FBB_proto.append = function(data/*, endings*/) {
- var bb = this.data;
- // decode data to a binary string
- if (Uint8Array && (data instanceof ArrayBuffer || data instanceof Uint8Array)) {
- var
- str = ""
- , buf = new Uint8Array(data)
- , i = 0
- , buf_len = buf.length
- ;
- for (; i < buf_len; i++) {
- str += String.fromCharCode(buf[i]);
- }
- bb.push(str);
- } else if (get_class(data) === "Blob" || get_class(data) === "File") {
- if (FileReaderSync) {
- var fr = new FileReaderSync;
- bb.push(fr.readAsBinaryString(data));
- } else {
- // async FileReader won't work as BlobBuilder is sync
- throw new FileException("NOT_READABLE_ERR");
- }
- } else if (data instanceof FakeBlob) {
- if (data.encoding === "base64" && atob) {
- bb.push(atob(data.data));
- } else if (data.encoding === "URI") {
- bb.push(decodeURIComponent(data.data));
- } else if (data.encoding === "raw") {
- bb.push(data.data);
- }
- } else {
- if (typeof data !== "string") {
- data += ""; // convert unsupported types to strings
- }
- // decode UTF-16 to binary string
- bb.push(unescape(encodeURIComponent(data)));
- }
- };
- FBB_proto.getBlob = function(type) {
- if (!arguments.length) {
- type = null;
- }
- return new FakeBlob(this.data.join(""), type, "raw");
- };
- FBB_proto.toString = function() {
- return "[object BlobBuilder]";
- };
- FB_proto.slice = function(start, end, type) {
- var args = arguments.length;
- if (args < 3) {
- type = null;
- }
- return new FakeBlob(
- this.data.slice(start, args > 1 ? end : this.data.length)
- , type
- , this.encoding
- );
- };
- FB_proto.toString = function() {
- return "[object Blob]";
- };
- FB_proto.close = function() {
- this.size = this.data.length = 0;
- };
- return FakeBlobBuilder;
- }(view));
-
- view.Blob = function Blob(blobParts, options) {
- var type = options ? (options.type || "") : "";
- var builder = new BlobBuilder();
- if (blobParts) {
- for (var i = 0, len = blobParts.length; i < len; i++) {
- builder.append(blobParts[i]);
- }
- }
- return builder.getBlob(type);
- };
- }(typeof self !== "undefined" && self || typeof window !== "undefined" && window || this.content || this));
-
Export2Excel.js文件
说明:这里需要注意第二行代码require('script-loader!./Blob.js'); //转二进制用,在Export2Excel.js文件中有引入了Blob.js文件,因此这里的路径你要写正确哈!我这里 是将它们放在同一个目录下,因此只需要./Blob.js即可,./表示当前目录
- require('script-loader!file-saver'); //保存文件用
- require('script-loader!./Blob.js'); //转二进制用
- require('script-loader!xlsx/dist/xlsx.core.min'); //xlsx核心
- function generateArray(table) {
- var out = [];
- var rows = table.querySelectorAll('tr');
- var ranges = [];
- for (var R = 0; R < rows.length; ++R) {
- var outRow = [];
- var row = rows[R];
- var columns = row.querySelectorAll('td');
- for (var C = 0; C < columns.length; ++C) {
- var cell = columns[C];
- var colspan = cell.getAttribute('colspan');
- var rowspan = cell.getAttribute('rowspan');
- var cellValue = cell.innerText;
- if (cellValue !== "" && cellValue == +cellValue) cellValue = +cellValue;
-
- //Skip ranges
- ranges.forEach(function (range) {
- if (R >= range.s.r && R <= range.e.r && outRow.length >= range.s.c && outRow.length <= range.e.c) {
- for (var i = 0; i <= range.e.c - range.s.c; ++i) outRow.push(null);
- }
- });
-
- //Handle Row Span
- if (rowspan || colspan) {
- rowspan = rowspan || 1;
- colspan = colspan || 1;
- ranges.push({ s: { r: R, c: outRow.length }, e: { r: R + rowspan - 1, c: outRow.length + colspan - 1 } });
- }
- ;
-
- //Handle Value
- outRow.push(cellValue !== "" ? cellValue : null);
-
- //Handle Colspan
- if (colspan) for (var k = 0; k < colspan - 1; ++k) outRow.push(null);
- }
- out.push(outRow);
- }
- return [out, ranges];
- };
-
- function datenum(v, date1904) {
- if (date1904) v += 1462;
- var epoch = Date.parse(v);
- return (epoch - new Date(Date.UTC(1899, 11, 30))) / (24 * 60 * 60 * 1000);
- }
-
- function sheet_from_array_of_arrays(data, opts) {
- var ws = {};
- var range = { s: { c: 10000000, r: 10000000 }, e: { c: 0, r: 0 } };
- for (var R = 0; R != data.length; ++R) {
- for (var C = 0; C != data[R].length; ++C) {
- if (range.s.r > R) range.s.r = R;
- if (range.s.c > C) range.s.c = C;
- if (range.e.r < R) range.e.r = R;
- if (range.e.c < C) range.e.c = C;
- var cell = { v: data[R][C] };
- if (cell.v == null) continue;
- var cell_ref = XLSX.utils.encode_cell({ c: C, r: R });
-
- if (typeof cell.v === 'number') cell.t = 'n';
- else if (typeof cell.v === 'boolean') cell.t = 'b';
- else if (cell.v instanceof Date) {
- cell.t = 'n';
- cell.z = XLSX.SSF._table[14];
- cell.v = datenum(cell.v);
- }
- else cell.t = 's';
-
- ws[cell_ref] = cell;
- }
- }
- if (range.s.c < 10000000) ws['!ref'] = XLSX.utils.encode_range(range);
- return ws;
- }
-
- function Workbook() {
- if (!(this instanceof Workbook)) return new Workbook();
- this.SheetNames = [];
- this.Sheets = {};
- }
-
- function s2ab(s) {
- var buf = new ArrayBuffer(s.length);
- var view = new Uint8Array(buf);
- for (var i = 0; i != s.length; ++i) view[i] = s.charCodeAt(i) & 0xFF;
- return buf;
- }
-
- export function export_table_to_excel(id) {
- var theTable = document.getElementById(id);
- var oo = generateArray(theTable);
- var ranges = oo[1];
-
- /* original data */
- var data = oo[0];
- var ws_name = "SheetJS";
-
- var wb = new Workbook(), ws = sheet_from_array_of_arrays(data);
-
- /* add ranges to worksheet */
- // ws['!cols'] = ['apple', 'banan'];
- ws['!merges'] = ranges;
-
- /* add worksheet to workbook */
- wb.SheetNames.push(ws_name);
- wb.Sheets[ws_name] = ws;
-
- var wbout = XLSX.write(wb, { bookType: 'xlsx', bookSST: false, type: 'binary' });
-
- saveAs(new Blob([s2ab(wbout)], { type: "application/octet-stream" }), "test.xlsx")
- }
-
- function formatJson(jsonData) {
- }
- export function export_json_to_excel(th, jsonData, defaultTitle) {
-
- /* original data */
-
- var data = jsonData;
- data.unshift(th);
- var ws_name = "SheetJS";
-
- var wb = new Workbook(), ws = sheet_from_array_of_arrays(data);
-
-
- /* add worksheet to workbook */
- wb.SheetNames.push(ws_name);
- wb.Sheets[ws_name] = ws;
-
- var wbout = XLSX.write(wb, { bookType: 'xlsx', bookSST: false, type: 'binary' });
- var title = defaultTitle || '列表'
- saveAs(new Blob([s2ab(wbout)], { type: "application/octet-stream" }), title + ".xlsx")
- }
-
以上便是Vue+iView将数据表格导出的几种实现方式,撒花~