git stash 操作

git stash 操作

git stash 是一个还挺方便，但是不会也不太要紧的指令，主要的应用场景为当部分的代码被修改了，但是又不想要 commit 当前的变化，便可以使用 git stash 将所有的变化进行保存，保持 working tree 干净。使用 git stash 会还原到上一个 commit 的状态。想要获取 stashed 的文件，就可以使用 git stash pop。

换言之，使用 git commit + git revert --soft HEAD~1 的组合技也一样，就是多打了几个字会稍微麻烦一些。

stash list

可以用来显示所有的 stash 记录

stash

没什么卵用的补充 git stash 的完整指令是 git shtash store。

大多数情况下来说，使用 git stash + git stash pop 就够了，不过 git stash 是一个栈（通过 pop 推测的），自然也可以存储多个 stash，查看 stashed 的记录可以使用 git stash list，如：

➜  stashing git:(main) git stash
Saved working directory and index state WIP on main: 2ea1a40 initial commit
➜  stashing git:(main) git stash
Saved working directory and index state WIP on main: 2ea1a40 initial commit
➜  stashing git:(main) git stash
Saved working directory and index state WIP on main: 2ea1a40 initial commit
➜  stashing git:(main) ✗ git stash -m "another lorem"
Saved working directory and index state On main: another lorem
➜  stashing git:(main) git stash list
➜  stashing git:(main) git stash list






















stash@{0}: On main: another lorem
stash@{1}: WIP on main: 2ea1a40 initial commit
stash@{2}: WIP on main: 2ea1a40 initial commit
stash@{3}: WIP on main: 2ea1a40 initial commit
(END)
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友情提示，可以使用 -m 这个 flag 添加一些信息，这样之后回来看 stashed 的变化也知道做了些什么。

stash pop

直接 stash pop 会进行退栈操作，如：

➜  stashing git:(main) git stash list
































stash@{0}: On main: pop first
stash@{1}: On main: stash example
stash@{2}: On main: another lorem
stash@{3}: WIP on main: 2ea1a40 initial commit
stash@{4}: WIP on main: 2ea1a40 initial commit
stash@{5}: WIP on main: 2ea1a40 initial commit
(END)
➜  stashing git:(main) git stash pop
On branch main
Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add ..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git restore ..." to discard changes in working directory)
	modified:   index.html

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
Dropped refs/stash@{0} (780899dc334d6cd257fef560389fce018d314c08)
➜  stashing git:(main) ✗ git stash list






















stash@{0}: On main: stash example
stash@{1}: On main: another lorem
stash@{2}: WIP on main: 2ea1a40 initial commit
stash@{3}: WIP on main: 2ea1a40 initial commit
stash@{4}: WIP on main: 2ea1a40 initial commit
(END)
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stash apply

使用 git stash pop 也可以选定指定的下标进行退栈操作，顺便，可以直接使用 index 而不需要输入完整的 stash@{index}，如：

➜  stashing git:(main) git stash list
































stash@{0}: On main: revert current change to avoid merge conflict
stash@{1}: On main: stash example
stash@{2}: On main: another lorem
stash@{3}: WIP on main: 2ea1a40 initial commit
stash@{4}: WIP on main: 2ea1a40 initial commit
stash@{5}: WIP on main: 2ea1a40 initial commit
(END)
➜  stashing git:(main) git stash pop 1
On branch main
Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add ..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git restore ..." to discard changes in working directory)
	modified:   index.html

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
Dropped refs/stash@{1} (19fbf2dd8719108de5d3d904a5752fe47e0f362c)
➜  stashing git:(main) ✗ git stash list






















stash@{0}: On main: revert current change to avoid merge conflict
stash@{1}: On main: another lorem
stash@{2}: WIP on main: 2ea1a40 initial commit
stash@{3}: WIP on main: 2ea1a40 initial commit
stash@{4}: WIP on main: 2ea1a40 initial commit
(END)
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可以看到，栈顶 stashed 的文件没有被弹出，反而是 index 为 1 的对应 stashed 文件被弹出。

stash apply

git stash apply 指令与将对应 stashed 文件应用于当前分支上，但是并不会进行退栈操作，如果某一条 stashed 的记录需要确认在多条分支上都需要工作时，就可以使用这个指令，如：

➜  stashing git:(main) git stash list
































stash@{0}: On main: stash changes
stash@{1}: On main: revert current change to avoid merge conflict
stash@{2}: On main: another lorem
stash@{3}: WIP on main: 2ea1a40 initial commit
stash@{4}: WIP on main: 2ea1a40 initial commit
stash@{5}: WIP on main: 2ea1a40 initial commit
(END)
➜  stashing git:(main) git stash apply stash@{2}
On branch main
Changes not staged for commit:
  (use "git add ..." to update what will be committed)
  (use "git restore ..." to discard changes in working directory)
	modified:   index.html

no changes added to commit (use "git add" and/or "git commit -a")
➜  stashing git:(main) ✗ git stash list























stash@{0}: On main: stash changes
stash@{1}: On main: revert current change to avoid merge conflict
stash@{2}: On main: another lorem
stash@{3}: WIP on main: 2ea1a40 initial commit
stash@{4}: WIP on main: 2ea1a40 initial commit
stash@{5}: WIP on main: 2ea1a40 initial commit
(END)
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stash drop

git stash drop 用于删除对应 stashed 的变化，与 apply 对应，如：

➜  stashing git:(main) ✗ git stash list






















stash@{0}: On main: stash changes
stash@{1}: On main: revert current change to avoid merge conflict
stash@{2}: On main: another lorem
stash@{3}: WIP on main: 2ea1a40 initial commit
stash@{4}: WIP on main: 2ea1a40 initial commit
stash@{5}: WIP on main: 2ea1a40 initial commit
(END)
➜  stashing git:(main) ✗ git stash drop 1
Dropped refs/stash@{1} (1d6a06ed2ac0b17c6380a509224932c9137afd7e)
➜  stashing git:(main) ✗ git stash list



















stash@{0}: On main: stash changes
stash@{1}: On main: another lorem
stash@{2}: WIP on main: 2ea1a40 initial commit
stash@{3}: WIP on main: 2ea1a40 initial commit
stash@{4}: WIP on main: 2ea1a40 initial commit
(END)
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其他

使用 stash 相关指令，尤其是应用变化（pop，apply）时可能会产生 merge conflict，这时候就比需要使用 commit 去解决 merge conflict。这也就是为什么说会用 stash 还挺方便的，不会的话新建 branch+commit+reset 也一样使用。毕竟需要修 merge conflict 的时候，总归都是要产生一个 commit 的。