• ROS应用层通信协议解析


    参考:http://wiki.ros.org/ROS/Master_API

    http://wiki.ros.org/ROS/Connection Header

    说明

    ROS本质上就是一个松耦合的通信框架,通信模式包括:远程调用(service-client)、订阅发布(topic)、持续通信(action)和全局参数(参数服务器),这四种模式基本已经能够涵盖百分之九十的应用场景了

    本次针对订阅发布模式,探究一下ROS通信中的具体通信协议,读完本文后,你可以在不依赖ROS的情况下和ROS通信

    本次通信采用从机订阅主机数据,通过wireshark抓包,得到具体xmlrpc协议数据内容,根据xmlrpc协议格式,找到对应代码

    (因为时间有限,部分协议可能有跳过的地方)

    1、registerPublisher

    从机创建节点的第一步

    这个方法用于注册一个发布者的caller

    request报文body:

    
    <methodCall>
        <methodName>registerPublishermethodName>
        <params>
            <param>
                <value>/test_subvalue>
            param>
            <param>
                <value>/rosoutvalue>
            param>
            <param>
                <value>rosgraph_msgs/Logvalue>
            param>
            <param>
                <value>http://192.168.1.150:40209value>
            param>
        params>
    methodCall>
    

    response报文body:

    
    <methodResponse>
        <params>
            <param>
                <value>
                    <array>
                        <data>
                            <value>
                                <int>1int>
                            value>
                            <value>
                                <string>Registered [/test_sub] as publisher of [/rosout]string>
                            value>
                            <value>
                                <array>
                                    <data>
                                        <value>
                                            <string>http://sherlock:35861/string>
                                        value>
                                    data>
                                array>
                            value>
                        data>
                    array>
                value>
            param>
        params>
    methodResponse>
    

    先说结论:

    ROS有一个日志相关的topic,名称是 /rosout,所有节点的日志信息都会通过这个 topic 发布出来

    ROS还有一个日志相关的节点,名称是 /rosout,负责订阅 /rosout数据,然后使用名称为 /rosout_agg 的topic发布出来, /rosout_agg 的订阅者是rqt等调试工具

    所以,结合上面的xml内容,我们可以大致推断,创建一个新的节点,那么这个节点必定会发布一个topic,就是/rosout,所以上面的XMLRPC协议内容,就是网rosmaster内注册一个publisher,用于发布/rosout

    整体来说,就是调用接口

    registerPublisher("/test_sub", "/rosout", "rosgraph_msgs/Log", "http://192.168.1.150:40209")
    

    返回值是:

    1
    Registered [/test_sub] as publisher of [/rosout]
    http://sherlock:35861/
    

    1是固定数据

    第二行是message

    最后一个返回值表示订阅者的uri列表,这里因为只有一个订阅者,所有只有一个uri

    再看代码:

    函数声明如下:

    registerPublisher(caller_id, topic, topic_type, caller_api)
    	Register the caller as a publisher the topic.
    	参数
    		caller_id (str)
    			ROS caller ID
    		topic (str)
    			Fully-qualified name of topic to register.
    		topic_type (str)
    			Datatype for topic. Must be a package-resource name, i.e. the .msg name.
    		caller_api (str)
    			API URI of publisher to register.
    	返回值(int, str, [str])
    		(code, statusMessage, subscriberApis)
    		List of current subscribers of topic in the form of XMLRPC URIs.
    

    找到 registerPublisher 接接口,位于ros_comm/rosmaster 包中,文件为:master_api.py(ROS主从机制利用python实现,拿掉python则无法实现主从)

    @apivalidate([], ( is_topic('topic'), valid_type_name('topic_type'), is_api('caller_api')))
    def registerPublisher(self, caller_id, topic, topic_type, caller_api):
    	"""
        Register the caller as a publisher the topic.
        @param caller_id: ROS caller id
        @type  caller_id: str
        @param topic: Fully-qualified name of topic to register.
        @type  topic: str
    	@param topic_type: Datatype for topic. Must be a
        package-resource name, i.e. the .msg name.
    	@type  topic_type: str
        @param caller_api str: ROS caller XML-RPC API URI
        @type  caller_api: str
        @return: (code, statusMessage, subscriberApis).
        List of current subscribers of topic in the form of XMLRPC URIs.
        @rtype: (int, str, [str])
        """
        #NOTE: we need topic_type for getPublishedTopics.
    	try:
            self.ps_lock.acquire()
            self.reg_manager.register_publisher(topic, caller_id, caller_api)
            # don't let '*' type squash valid typing
            if topic_type != rosgraph.names.ANYTYPE or not topic in self.topics_types:
                self.topics_types[topic] = topic_type
            pub_uris = self.publishers.get_apis(topic)
            sub_uris = self.subscribers.get_apis(topic)
            self._notify_topic_subscribers(topic, pub_uris, sub_uris)
            mloginfo("+PUB [%s] %s %s",topic, caller_id, caller_api)
            sub_uris = self.subscribers.get_apis(topic)            
        finally:
        	self.ps_lock.release()
    	return 1, "Registered [%s] as publisher of [%s]"%(caller_id, topic), sub_uris
    

    registerPublisher 接口的注释:Register the caller as a publisher the topic,将调用者注册为一个topic发布者

    可以对应xmlrpc中对应参数,加上猜测:

    caller_id:调用者,可以认为是节点,/test_sub,从及创建的节点

    topic:发布的topic name,/rosout

    topic_type:发布的topic数据类型,rosgraph_msgs/Log

    caller_api:调用者发布数据的API接口,http://192.168.1.150:40209

    总上,我们大概有几点猜测:

    1. 接口在rosmaster中,接口是registerPublisher,表示,这是注册节点的
    2. 告诉master节点,我创建了一个节点,节点名是/test_sub
    3. 告诉master,这个节点需要发布topic,topic名是/rosout,数据类型是rosgraph_msgs/Log

    registerPublisher 接口中有三个地方需要注意:

    1. register_publisher接口调用
    2. _notify_topic_subscribers接口调用,告知当前所有的subscriber,有新的publisher,他们需要再次到新的publisher中去订阅数据
    3. return 内容,最后会拼接成xmlrpc的报文,response 回去,这也就顺便解释了第二条xmlrpc报文(response)

    register_publisher

    先看 register_publisher,代码在rosmaster中的registrations.py文件中

    def register_publisher(self, topic, caller_id, caller_api):
        """
    	Register topic publisher
        @return: None
        """
        self._register(self.publishers, topic, caller_id, caller_api)
    

    _register 接口,这个节点做了三件事

    1. 调用内部接口保存节点信息
    2. 如果这个节点之前已经存在,就表明它是在更新,则发布数据的接口改变,且之前已经有订阅,则此时所有订阅该接口的所有subscriber解除订阅
    3. 调用register接口保存
    def _register(self, r, key, caller_id, caller_api, service_api=None):
        # update node information
        node_ref, changed = self._register_node_api(caller_id, caller_api)
        node_ref.add(r.type, key)
        # update pub/sub/service indicies
        if changed:
            self.publishers.unregister_all(caller_id)
            self.subscribers.unregister_all(caller_id)
            self.services.unregister_all(caller_id)
            self.param_subscribers.unregister_all(caller_id)
    	r.register(key, caller_id, caller_api, service_api)
    

    _register_node_api 接口,我们可以看到,它主要做两件事

    1. 更新master中节点信息(节点名、节点发布数据的接口)
    2. 检查这个节点是不是已经存在,如果是,则告诉调用者
    def _register_node_api(self, caller_id, caller_api):
        """
        @param caller_id: caller_id of provider
        @type  caller_id: str
        @param caller_api: caller_api of provider
        @type  caller_api: str
        @return: (registration_information, changed_registration). changed_registration is true if 
        caller_api is differet than the one registered with caller_id
        @rtype: (NodeRef, bool)
        """
        node_ref = self.nodes.get(caller_id, None)
    
        bumped_api = None
        if node_ref is not None:
            if node_ref.api == caller_api:
                return node_ref, False
            else:
                bumped_api = node_ref.api
                self.thread_pool.queue_task(bumped_api, shutdown_node_task,
                                            (bumped_api, caller_id, "new node registered with same name"))
    
        node_ref = NodeRef(caller_id, caller_api)
        self.nodes[caller_id] = node_ref
        return (node_ref, bumped_api != None)
    

    _notify_topic_subscribers

    _notify_topic_subscribers 代码,根据注释说明,接口的作用就是通知所有的subscriber,有新的publisher

    def _notify_topic_subscribers(self, topic, pub_uris, sub_uris):
        """
        Notify subscribers with new publisher list
        @param topic: name of topic
        @type  topic: str
        @param pub_uris: list of URIs of publishers.
        @type  pub_uris: [str]
        """
        self._notify(self.subscribers, publisher_update_task, topic, pub_uris, sub_uris)
    
    

    _notify 代码,将更新的通知任务(publisher_update_task)放进事件队列中,等待执行:

    def _notify(self, registrations, task, key, value, node_apis):
        """
        Generic implementation of callback notification
        @param registrations: Registrations
        @type  registrations: L{Registrations}
        @param task: task to queue
        @type  task: fn
        @param key: registration key
        @type  key: str
        @param value: value to pass to task
        @type  value: Any
        """
        # cache thread_pool for thread safety
        thread_pool = self.thread_pool
        if not thread_pool:
            return
        
        try:            
            for node_api in node_apis:
                # use the api as a marker so that we limit one thread per subscriber
                thread_pool.queue_task(node_api, task, (node_api, key, value))
        except KeyError:
            _logger.warn('subscriber data stale (key [%s], listener [%s]): node API unknown'%(key, s))
    

    publisher_update_task 代码,传入的三个参数分别是:新节点的接口、topic名称、订阅者的接口:

    def publisher_update_task(api, topic, pub_uris):
        """
        Contact api.publisherUpdate with specified parameters
        @param api: XML-RPC URI of node to contact
        @type  api: str
        @param topic: Topic name to send to node
        @type  topic: str
        @param pub_uris: list of publisher APIs to send to node
        @type  pub_uris: [str]
        """
        msg = "publisherUpdate[%s] -> %s %s" % (topic, api, pub_uris)
        mloginfo(msg)
        start_sec = time.time()
        try:
            #TODO: check return value for errors so we can unsubscribe if stale
            ret = xmlrpcapi(api).publisherUpdate('/master', topic, pub_uris)
            msg_suffix = "result=%s" % ret
        except Exception as ex:
            msg_suffix = "exception=%s" % ex
            raise
        finally:
            delta_sec = time.time() - start_sec
            mloginfo("%s: sec=%0.2f, %s", msg, delta_sec, msg_suffix)
    

    publisherUpdate 接口在 rospy 模块的 masterslave.py 文件中,猜测是使用XMLRPC协议,通知所有的订阅者节点,发布者更新了

    @apivalidate(-1, (is_topic('topic'), is_publishers_list('publishers')))
    def publisherUpdate(self, caller_id, topic, publishers):
        """
        Callback from master of current publisher list for specified topic.
        @param caller_id: ROS caller id
        @type  caller_id: str
        @param topic str: topic name
        @type  topic: str
        @param publishers: list of current publishers for topic in the form of XMLRPC URIs
        @type  publishers: [str]
        @return: [code, status, ignore]
        @rtype: [int, str, int]
        """
        if self.reg_man:
            for uri in publishers:
                self.reg_man.publisher_update(topic, publishers)
        return 1, "", 0
    

    2、hasParam

    request报文body

    
    <methodResponse>
        <params>
            <param>
                <value>
                    <array>
                        <data>
                            <value>
                                <int>1int>
                            value>
                            <value>
                                <string>/use_sim_timestring>
                            value>
                            <value>
                                <boolean>0boolean>
                            value>
                        data>
                    array>
                value>
            param>
        params>
    methodResponse>
    

    response报文body

    
    <methodCall>
        <methodName>requestTopicmethodName>
        <params>
            <param>
                <value>/rosoutvalue>
            param>
            <param>
                <value>/rosoutvalue>
            param>
            <param>
                <value>
                    <array>
                        <data>
                            <value>
                                <array>
                                    <data>
                                        <value>TCPROSvalue>
                                    data>
                                array>
                            value>
                        data>
                    array>
                value>
            param>
        params>
    methodCall>
    

    先说结论:

    调用 hasParam 接口,检查参数服务器是否有参数 /test_sub/use_sim_time

    返回值是 [1, /use_sim_time, 0],表示没有

    再看代码:

    hasParam

    有了上面的分析经验,我们可以很轻松地的出结论,这是在调用 hasParam 接口

    我们可以很轻松地找到这个方法的代码,在rosmaster模块的master_api.py文件中

    @apivalidate(False, (non_empty_str('key'),))
    def hasParam(self, caller_id, key):
        """
        Check if parameter is stored on server. 
        @param caller_id str: ROS caller id
        @type  caller_id: str
        @param key: parameter to check
        @type  key: str
        @return: [code, statusMessage, hasParam]
        @rtype: [int, str, bool]
        """
        key = resolve_name(key, caller_id)
        if self.param_server.has_param(key):
            return 1, key, True
        else:
            return 1, key, False 
    

    根据协议

    1. caller_id 传参是 /test_sub
    2. key 传参是 /use_sim_time

    根据注释和代码,我们可以确认,这个就口就是在检查,参数服务器是否有参数 /test_sub/use_sim_time

    resolve_name 接口接收两个参数,根据调用:

    1. name是/use_sim_time
    2. namespace_是/test_sub

    所以,才能确认上面的全局参数 /test_sub/use_sim_time

    hasParam 接口的返回值有三个

    1. code,整型,这里无论有没有,都返回1,可以忽略
    2. key,这里就是 /use_sim_time
    3. hasParam,表示是否有这个参数,True/False

    根据 response 报文,这里应该返回 [1, /use_sim_time, 0],表示没有这个参数

    use_sim_time

    想要理解为什么要调用这个接口,就要理解 use_sim_time 参数的作用

    use_sim_time是一个重要的参数,它默认值为false,可以配合Rosbag使用,是一个很重要的离线调试工具

    我们都知道,ROS 中的时间有两种:

    1. ROS::Time()
    2. ROS::WallTime()

    ROS::Time()和ROS::WallTime()

    表示ROS网络中的时间,如果当时在非仿真环境里运行,那它就是当前的时间。但是假设去回放当时的情况,那就需要把当时的时间录下来

    以控制为例,很多的数据处理需要知道当时某一个时刻发生了什么。Wall Time可以理解为墙上时间,墙上挂着的时间没有人改变的了,永远在往前走;ROS Time可以被人为修改,你可以暂停它,可以加速,可以减速,但是Wall Time不可以。

    在开启一个Node之前,当把use_sim_time设置为true时,这个节点会从clock Topic获得时间。所以操作这个clock的发布者,可以实现一个让Node中得到ROS Time暂停、加速、减速的效果。同时下面这些方面都是跟Node透明的,所以非常适合离线的调试方式。当把ROSbag记下来以后重新play出来时,加两个横杠,--clock,它就会发布出这个消息

    3、registerSubscriber

    先看报文:

    request报文body

    
    <methodCall>
        <methodName>registerSubscribermethodName>
        <params>
            <param>
                <value>/test_subvalue>
            param>
            <param>
                <value>/ros_messagevalue>
            param>
            <param>
                <value>my_package/MessageDefinevalue>
            param>
            <param>
                <value>http://192.168.1.150:43597value>
            param>
        params>
    methodCall>
    

    response报文body

    
    <methodResponse>
        <params>
            <param>
                <value>
                    <array>
                        <data>
                            <value>
                                <int>1int>
                            value>
                            <value>
                                <string>Subscribed to [/ros_message]string>
                            value>
                            <value>
                                <array>
                                    <data>
                                        <value>
                                            <string>http://sherlock:41689/string>
                                        value>
                                    data>
                                array>
                            value>
                        data>
                    array>
                value>
            param>
        params>
    methodResponse>
    

    registerSubscriber

    registerSubscriber 代码在rosmaster包中的master_api.py文件中,如下:

    @apivalidate([], ( is_topic('topic'), valid_type_name('topic_type'), is_api('caller_api')))
    def registerSubscriber(self, caller_id, topic, topic_type, caller_api):
        """
        Subscribe the caller to the specified topic. In addition to receiving
        a list of current publishers, the subscriber will also receive notifications
        of new publishers via the publisherUpdate API.        
        @param caller_id: ROS caller id
        @type  caller_id: str
        @param topic str: Fully-qualified name of topic to subscribe to. 
        @param topic_type: Datatype for topic. Must be a package-resource name, i.e. the .msg name.
        @type  topic_type: str
        @param caller_api: XML-RPC URI of caller node for new publisher notifications
        @type  caller_api: str
        @return: (code, message, publishers). Publishers is a list of XMLRPC API URIs
           for nodes currently publishing the specified topic.
        @rtype: (int, str, [str])
        """
        #NOTE: subscribers do not get to set topic type
        try:
            self.ps_lock.acquire()
            self.reg_manager.register_subscriber(topic, caller_id, caller_api)
    
            # ROS 1.1: subscriber can now set type if it is not already set
            #  - don't let '*' type squash valid typing
            if not topic in self.topics_types and topic_type != rosgraph.names.ANYTYPE:
                self.topics_types[topic] = topic_type
    
            mloginfo("+SUB [%s] %s %s",topic, caller_id, caller_api)
            pub_uris = self.publishers.get_apis(topic)
        finally:
            self.ps_lock.release()
        return 1, "Subscribed to [%s]"%topic, pub_uris
    

    根据协议往来,我们可以看到调用过程

    registerSubscriber("/test_sub", "/ros_message", "my_package/MessageDefine", "http://192.168.1.150:43597")
    

    入参有4个:

    1. 订阅节点名:/test_sub
    2. 需要订阅的topic 名称:/ros_message
    3. topic的数据类型:my_package/MessageDefine
    4. 订阅节点自己的uri,即发布者通知时的发送目标

    返回值有3个:

    1. code,这里固定是1

    2. message,这里是 Subscribed to [/ros_message]

    3. publisher 的订阅URI 列表,因为这里只有一个publisher,所以只有一个 http://sherlock:41689/,首先,这可能是主机里面某个几点的uri,需要从机去订阅

    代码说明:

    和第一条,注册publisher相反,这里是注册subscriber

    有几个关键代码

    register_subscriber 代码,位于rosmaster包中的registerations.py文件中:

    def register_subscriber(self, topic, caller_id, caller_api):
        """
        Register topic subscriber
        @return: None
        """
        self._register(self.subscribers, topic, caller_id, caller_api)
    

    _register 代码,调用 _register_node_api 接口更新节点信息,如果之前有该节点的注册信息,则先删除:

    def _register(self, r, key, caller_id, caller_api, service_api=None):
        # update node information
        node_ref, changed = self._register_node_api(caller_id, caller_api)
        node_ref.add(r.type, key)
        # update pub/sub/service indicies
        if changed:
            self.publishers.unregister_all(caller_id)
            self.subscribers.unregister_all(caller_id)
            self.services.unregister_all(caller_id)
            self.param_subscribers.unregister_all(caller_id)
        r.register(key, caller_id, caller_api, service_api)
    

    _register_node_api 代码:

    def _register_node_api(self, caller_id, caller_api):
        """
        @param caller_id: caller_id of provider
        @type  caller_id: str
        @param caller_api: caller_api of provider
        @type  caller_api: str
        @return: (registration_information, changed_registration). changed_registration is true if 
        caller_api is differet than the one registered with caller_id
        @rtype: (NodeRef, bool)
        """
        node_ref = self.nodes.get(caller_id, None)
    
        bumped_api = None
        if node_ref is not None:
            if node_ref.api == caller_api:
                return node_ref, False
            else:
                bumped_api = node_ref.api
                self.thread_pool.queue_task(bumped_api, shutdown_node_task,
                                            (bumped_api, caller_id, "new node registered with same name"))
    
        node_ref = NodeRef(caller_id, caller_api)
        self.nodes[caller_id] = node_ref
        return (node_ref, bumped_api != None)
    

    shutdown_node_task 代码,如果订阅节点退出了,则需要通知:

    def shutdown_node_task(api, caller_id, reason):
        """
        Method to shutdown another ROS node. Generally invoked within a
        separate thread as this is used to cleanup hung nodes.
        
        @param api: XML-RPC API of node to shutdown
        @type  api: str
        @param caller_id: name of node being shutdown
        @type  caller_id: str
        @param reason: human-readable reason why node is being shutdown
        @type  reason: str
        """
        try:
            xmlrpcapi(api).shutdown('/master', "[{}] Reason: {}".format(caller_id, reason))
        except:
            pass #expected in many common cases
        remove_server_proxy(api)
    

    4、requestTopic

    request报文body,如下,我们可以看到,xmlrpc发送的host是sherlock:41689,是上一步骤,收到的publisher的uri,如果有多个publisher,要request多次

    POST /RPC2 HTTP/1.1
    Host: sherlock:41689
    User-Agent: Go-http-client/1.1
    Content-Length: 307
    Content-Type: text/xml
    Accept-Encoding: gzip
    
    
    <methodCall>
        <methodName>requestTopicmethodName>
        <params>
            <param>
                <value>/test_subvalue>
            param>
            <param>
                <value>/ros_messagevalue>
            param>
            <param>
                <value>
                    <array>
                        <data>
                            <value>
                                <array>
                                    <data>
                                        <value>TCPROSvalue>
                                    data>
                                array>
                            value>
                        data>
                    array>
                value>
            param>
        params>
    methodCall>
    

    response报文

    
    <methodResponse>
        <params>
            <param>
                <value>
                    <array>
                        <data>
                            <value>
                                <i4>1i4>
                            value>
                            <value>value>
                            <value>
                                <array>
                                    <data>
                                        <value>TCPROSvalue>
                                        <value>sherlockvalue>
                                        <value>
                                            <i4>33173i4>
                                        value>
                                    data>
                                array>
                            value>
                        data>
                    array>
                value>
            param>
        params>
    methodResponse>
    

    根据协议,调用过程如下:

    requestTopic("/test_sub", "/ros_message", ["TCPROS"])
    

    告诉publisher,subscriber准备好了,可以发数据了

    requestTopic

    _remap_table['requestTopic'] = [0] # remap topic 
    @apivalidate([], (is_topic('topic'), non_empty('protocols')))
    def requestTopic(self, caller_id, topic, protocols):
        """
        Publisher node API method called by a subscriber node.
    
        Request that source allocate a channel for communication. Subscriber provides
        a list of desired protocols for communication. Publisher returns the
        selected protocol along with any additional params required for
        establishing connection. For example, for a TCP/IP-based connection,
        the source node may return a port number of TCP/IP server. 
        @param caller_id str: ROS caller id    
        @type  caller_id: str
        @param topic: topic name
        @type  topic: str
        @param protocols: list of desired
         protocols for communication in order of preference. Each
         protocol is a list of the form [ProtocolName,
         ProtocolParam1, ProtocolParam2...N]
        @type  protocols: [[str, XmlRpcLegalValue*]]
        @return: [code, msg, protocolParams]. protocolParams may be an
        empty list if there are no compatible protocols.
        @rtype: [int, str, [str, XmlRpcLegalValue*]]
        """
        if not get_topic_manager().has_publication(topic):
            return -1, "Not a publisher of [%s]"%topic, []
        for protocol in protocols: #simple for now: select first implementation 
            protocol_id = protocol[0]
            for h in self.protocol_handlers:
                if h.supports(protocol_id):
                    _logger.debug("requestTopic[%s]: choosing protocol %s", topic, protocol_id)
                    return h.init_publisher(topic, protocol)
        return 0, "no supported protocol implementations", []
    

    init_publisher 代码

    def init_publisher(self, resolved_name, protocol):
        """
        Initialize this node to receive an inbound TCP connection,
        i.e. startup a TCP server if one is not already running.
        
        @param resolved_name: topic name
        @type  resolved__name: str
        
        @param protocol: negotiated protocol
          parameters. protocol[0] must be the string 'TCPROS'
        @type  protocol: [str, value*]
        @return: (code, msg, [TCPROS, addr, port])
        @rtype: (int, str, list)
        """
        if protocol[0] != TCPROS:
            return 0, "Internal error: protocol does not match TCPROS: %s"%protocol, []
        start_tcpros_server()
        addr, port = get_tcpros_server_address()
        return 1, "ready on %s:%s"%(addr, port), [TCPROS, addr, port]
    

    publisher 检查,是否支持指定协议,如果不支持,则返回1,否则返回0

    返回值的第二个参数有三个值,分别是协议类型、ip地址 和 端口

    5、unregisterSubscriber

    request报文body

    
    <methodCall>
        <methodName>unregisterSubscribermethodName>
        <params>
            <param>
                <value>/test_subvalue>
            param>
            <param>
                <value>/ros_messagevalue>
            param>
            <param>
                <value>http://192.168.1.150:43597value>
            param>
        params>
    methodCall>
    

    response报文body

    
    <methodResponse>
        <params>
            <param>
                <value>
                    <array>
                        <data>
                            <value>
                                <int>1int>
                            value>
                            <value>
                                <string>Unregistered [/test_sub] as provider of [/ros_message]string>
                            value>
                            <value>
                                <int>1int>
                            value>
                        data>
                    array>
                value>
            param>
        params>
    methodResponse>
    

    unregisterSubscriber

    @apivalidate(0, (is_topic('topic'), is_api('caller_api')))
    def unregisterSubscriber(self, caller_id, topic, caller_api):
        """
        Unregister the caller as a subscriber of the topic.
        @param caller_id: ROS caller id
        @type  caller_id: str
        @param topic: Fully-qualified name of topic to unregister.
        @type  topic: str
        @param caller_api: API URI of service to unregister. Unregistration will only occur if current
           registration matches.    
        @type  caller_api: str
        @return: (code, statusMessage, numUnsubscribed). 
          If numUnsubscribed is zero it means that the caller was not registered as a subscriber.
          The call still succeeds as the intended final state is reached.
        @rtype: (int, str, int)
        """
        try:
            self.ps_lock.acquire()
            retval = self.reg_manager.unregister_subscriber(topic, caller_id, caller_api)
            mloginfo("-SUB [%s] %s %s",topic, caller_id, caller_api)
            return retval
        finally:
            self.ps_lock.release()
    

    取消订阅,固定返回1

    6、TCP数据私有协议

    首先保证主从机的数据类型一致,包括字段的顺序,实际ROS框架内是通过md5检测,保证数据类型一致的

    数据传输前提:

    1. 数据类型一致
    2. 字段名一致
    3. 字段顺序一致

    数据传输模式:小端hex

    数据包结构

    数据域长度 数据域
    4 byte n byte

    数据域长度固定4byte,长度不包括自身

    数据域

    数据域根据字段类型解析,ros 通信的内置数据类型有:

    原始类型 字节数
    bool 1
    int8 1
    uint8 1
    int16 2
    uint16 2
    int32 4
    uint32 4
    int64 8
    uint64 8
    float32 4
    float64 8
    string n(n > 4)
    time 8
    duration 8
    数组 n(n > 4)

    其中,除 string、time、duration数组 类型外的其余类型,直接根据字节数读取即可

    string

    字符串类型,也可认为是字符数组(则可以和数组类型复用),因为是不定长度,所以需要知道字符串的长度,ROS中使用uint32类型表示长度/数组元素数量,即4byte

    所以,如果出现字符串类型,则数据域为:

    字符串长度 字符
    4 byte n byte

    数组

    数组类型,因为是不定长度,所以需要知道数组的元素数量,和string同理,ROS 中使用uint32类型表示数组的元素数量,再结合数组元素的类型,即可得到总长度

    所以,出现数组类型,则数据域为:

    数组元素数量 数组数据
    4 byte n byte

    如果数组类型是 int32,则数组数据占 4 * n byte,其余类型以此类推

    time

    ROS 中把 time 单独提取作为基本数据类型,对应 ROS 中的 ros::Time 类,因为我们可以认为是嵌套类型

    ros::Time 有两个字段:

    1. sec: uint32
    2. nsec: uint32

    所以,time 类型在数据域占8byte,如果出现 time 类型,则数据域为:

    sec nsec
    4 byte 4 byte

    duration

    duration 类型和 time 相同,在 ROS 中对应 ros::Duration 类,可以认为是嵌套类型

    ros::Duration 有两个字段:

    1. sec: uint32
    2. nsec: uint32

    所以,duration 类型在数据域中占8byte,如果出现 duration 类型,则数据域为:

    sec nsec
    4 byte 4 byte

    嵌套类型

    嵌套类型可以认为是数据域的组合,如果发现字段类型不是内置数据类型,则可认为是嵌套类型,嵌套类型按照类型的字段,递归处理即可

    协议分析示例

    示例1:

    .msg 文件为:

    int8 shutdown_time
    string text
    

    主机发出数据为:

    shutdown_time = 123
    text = abc
    

    从机收到数据为:

    08 00 00 00 7b 03 00 00 00 61 62 63
    

    分析如下:

    1. 包头4 byte表示数据与长度

      08 00 00 00,表示数据域长度为8,即后续数据总长度为8

    2. 字段1为shutdown_time,类型是int8,1byte

      7b转10进制,为123

    3. 字段2为text,类型是字符串 (4+n)byte

      4byte 长度:03 00 00 00,表示字符串长度为3,后面3byte 为字符串内容:61 62 63,ASCII转换为:abc)

    示例2:

    .msg 文件为:

    Header header
    int8 shutdown_time
    int32 shutdown_time2
    string text
    float32 num
    string text2
    int8[] data
    int16[] data2
    

    Header的数据类型为:

    uint32 seq
    time stamp
    string frame_id
    

    主机发出数据为:

    //header一般由ROS系统自己处理,这里写出来是为了方便观察
    header.seq = 29;
    header.time.sec = 0;
    header.time.nsec = 0;
    header.frame_id = "";
    shutdown_time = 123;
    shutdown_time2 = 987654;
    text2 = "lmn";
    text = "abc";
    num = 23.4;
    data = [1, 2, 4, 89];
    data2 = [11, 22, 908]
    

    从机收到的数据为:

    39 00 00 00 1d 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 7b 06 12 0f 00 03 00 00 00 61 62 63 33 33 bb 41 03 00 00 00 6c 6d 6e 04 00 00 00 01 02 04 59 03 00 00 00 0b 00 16 00 8c 03
    

    分析如下:

    1. 包头4byte表示数据域长度

      0x39 00 00 00,10进制57,表明后续数据域长度57byte

    2. 字段1,Header 类型,可以认为是嵌套类型,Header字段如下:

      1. 字段1,seq,uint32,4byte,数据为,0x1d 00 00 00,十进制29;
      2. 字段2,time类型,可以认为是嵌套类型,字段如下:
        1. 字段1,sec,uint32,4byte,数据为:0x00 00 00 00,十进制0;
        2. 字段2,nsec,uint32,4byte,数据为:0x00 00 00 00,十进制0;
      3. 字段3,frame_id,字符串类型,4byte 表示长度,00 00 00 00,表示长度为0,字符串为空
    3. 字段2,shutdown_time,int8,1byte,数据为:0x7b,十进制123;

    4. 字段3,shutdown_time2,int32,4byte,数据为:0x06 12 0f 00,十进制:987654;

    5. 字段4,text,字符串:

      1. 4byte 长度,数据为:0x03 00 00 00 ,表示字符产长度为3;
      2. 字符串内容,数据为:0x61 62 63 ,ASCII对应:abc;
    6. 字段5,num,flota32,4byte,数据为:33 33 bb 41,十进制:23.4;

    7. 字段6:text2,字符串:

      1. 4byte长度,数据为:0x03 00 00 00,表示字符串长度为3;
      2. 字符产内容,数据为:0x6c 6d 6e,ASCII对应lmn;
    8. 字段7,data,int8数组:

      1. 4byte表示数组元素数量,数据为:0x04 00 00 00,表示有4个int8元素:
      2. 数组内容:[0x01, 0x02, 0x04, 0x59,],表示:[1,2,4,89];
    9. 字段8,data2,int16数组:

      1. 4byte表示长度,数据为:0x03 00 00 00,表示有3个int16数据;
      2. 数组内容:[0x0b00, 0x1600, 0x8c03],表示:[11, 22, 908]

    7、小结

    宗上,整体的从机订阅时序图如下:

    image-20221119152442437

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  • 原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/sherlock-lin/p/16906333.html