今天也是充满希望的一天
如果没有使用排序操作,默认情况下查询返回的数据是按照添加数据的顺序来显示的。
select * from employees;
# 1.1 基本使用
# 使用 order by 对查询到的数据进行排序操作。
# 升序:asc(ascend)
# 降序:desc(descend)
# 练习 :按照salary从高到低的顺序显示员工信息
mysql> select employee_id, last_name, salary from employees order by salary desc;
# 练习:按照salary从低到高的顺序显示员工信息
- mysql> select employee_id, last_name, salary from employees order by salary asc;
-
- mysql> select employee_id, last_name, salary from employees order by salary;
# 1.2 我们可以使用列的别名,进行排序
- mysql> select employee_id, salary, salary*12 as "annual_sal" from employees order
- by annual_sal;
-
- #列的别名只能在 ORDER BY 中使用,不能在WHERE中使用。
- #如下操作报错!
- mysql> select employee_id, salary, salary*12 annual_sal from employees where annual_sal > 10000;
# 1.3 强调格式:where 需要声明在from之后,order by 之前。
- mysql> select department_id, employee_id, salary from employees where department_
- id in (50, 60, 70) order by department_id desc;
# 1.4 二级排序/多级排序也是一样的
mysql> select employee_id, salary, department_id from employees order by department_id desc, salary asc;
# 2.1 mysql使用limit实现数据的分页显示
# 需求1:每页显示20条记录,此时显示第一页
mysql> select employee_id ,last_name from employees limit 0,20;
# 需求2:每页显示20条记录,此时显示第二页
mysql> select employee_id ,last_name from employees limit 20,20;
# 需求3:每页显示20条记录,此时显示第三页
mysql> select employee_id ,last_name from employees limit 40,20;
# 需求:每页显示pageSize条记录,此时显示第pageNo页
# 公式: limit (pageNo - 1)* pageSize, pageSize
# 2.2 where ... order by ... limit 声明的顺序如下:
# limit的格式:严格来说是: limit 位置偏移量,条目数
# 结构 "limit 0, 条目数" 等价于 "limit 条目数“
- mysql> select employee_id, last_name, salary from employees where salary > 6000 order by salary desc limit 0, 10;
-
-
- mysql> select employee_id, last_name, salary from employees where salary > 6000 order by salary desc limit 10;
# 练习:表里面有107条数据,我们只想要显示第32、33条数据怎么办呢?
mysql> select employee_id, last_name from employees limit 31, 2;
# 2.3 MySql8.0 新特性:limit ... offset...
#练习:表里有107条数据,我们只想要显示第 32、33 条数据怎么办呢?
mysql> select employee_id, last_name from employees limit 2 offset 31;
#练习:查询员工表中工资最高的员工信息
mysql> select employee_id, last_name, salary from employees order by salary desc limit 0, 1;
#2.4 LIMIT 可以使用在MySQL、PGSQL、MariaDB、SQLite 等数据库中使用,表示分页。
# 不能使用在SQL Server、DB2、Oracle!
#1. 查询员工的姓名和部门号和年薪,按年薪降序,按姓名升序显示
mysql> select last_name, department_id, salary*12 as "annual_salary" from employees order by annual_salary desc, last_name asc;
#2. 选择工资不在 8000 到 17000 的员工的姓名和工资,按工资降序,显示第21到40位置的数据
mysql> select last_name, salary from employees where salary not between 8000 and 17000 order by salary desc limit 20, 20;
#3. 查询邮箱中包含 e 的员工信息,并先按邮箱的字节数降序,再按部门号升序
- mysql> select employee_id, last_name, email, department_id from employees where email like '%e%' order by length(email) desc, department_id asc;
-
- mysql> select employee_id, last_name, email, department_id from employees where email regexp '[e]' order by length(email) desc, department_id asc;