学完了三个框架,现在来整合一下SSM,并且实现一个图书馆增删改查的简单项目。
这个整合就是实现简单的CRUD,整合的过程中多复习有关于之前的一些知识和思想,本身并不难,只是可能再配置的过程中会出现很多问题,在SSM框架学完就立刻整合项目也算是锻炼自己的能力了。
之后还会再整合一个搜索的功能,这个功能会在本次的实战基础上修改代码,待更新中…
创建一个存放书籍数据的数据库表:
CREATE DATABASE `ssmbuild`;
USE `ssmbuild`;
CREATE TABLE `books` (
`bookID` INT(10) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '书id',
`bookName` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL COMMENT '书名',
`bookCounts` INT(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '数量',
`detail` VARCHA`books`R(200) NOT NULL COMMENT '描述',
KEY `bookID` (`bookID`)
) ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
INSERT INTO `books`(`bookID`,`bookName`,`bookCounts`,`detail`)VALUES
(1,'Java',1,'从入门到放弃'),
(2,'MySQL',10,'从删库到跑路'),
(3,'Linux',5,'从进门到进牢');
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `books`;
除了最后一句其他都运行,成功建表:

1、新建一个普通的maven项目
2、添加web的支持,且给web手动添加lib依赖
3、导入相关的pom依赖
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junitgroupId>
<artifactId>junitartifactId>
<version>3.8.2version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysqlgroupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-javaartifactId>
<version>8.0.11version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.mchangegroupId>
<artifactId>c3p0artifactId>
<version>0.9.5.2version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
<artifactId>servlet-apiartifactId>
<version>2.5version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jspgroupId>
<artifactId>jsp-apiartifactId>
<version>2.2version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
<artifactId>jstlartifactId>
<version>1.2version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatisgroupId>
<artifactId>mybatisartifactId>
<version>3.5.2version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatisgroupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-springartifactId>
<version>2.0.2version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvcartifactId>
<version>5.1.9.RELEASEversion>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbcartifactId>
<version>5.1.9.RELEASEversion>
dependency>
dependencies>
4、添加Maven的资源过滤设置
<build>
<resources>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/resourcesdirectory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.propertiesinclude>
<include>**/*.xmlinclude>
includes>
resource>
<resource>
<directory>src/main/javadirectory>
<includes>
<include>**/*.propertiesinclude>
<include>**/*.xmlinclude>
includes>
<filtering>truefiltering>
resource>
resources>
build>
5、连接数据库(记得Driver调整为5.0版本的,具体看之前的有关于mybatis的文章)

6、构建基本结构和框架:
(1)载java包下创建4个package
com.wang.pojo
com.wang.service
com.wang.dao
com.wang.controller
(2)在resources下创建applicationContext.xml、mybatis-config.xml并配置
applicationContext.xml:
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
beans>
mybatis-config.xml:
DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
configuration>
1、在resources包下创建数据库配置文件database.properties:
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssmbuild?useSSL=false&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
jdbc.username=root
jdbc.password=123456
如果你的MySQL是5.7版本的,那么就需要把cj给去掉
2、在pojo包下新建实体类,这个实体类对照数据库,即Books,里面的属性要和数据库上的属性名完全一样,否则有时候可能会报空指针异常。
当然,类里面也是需要构造函数的,可以自己写构造方法,也可以利用Lombok,然后用注解进行参数的构造,先导入相应的pom依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombokgroupId>
<artifactId>lombokartifactId>
<version>1.18.10version>
dependency>
Books类:
package com.wang.pojo;
import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
@Data
@AllArgsConstructor
@NoArgsConstructor
public class Books {
private int bookID;
private String bookName;
private int bookCounts;
private String detail;
}
3、接下来该写接口了,在dao层下接口BookMapper,分别封装增删改查的方法:
package com.wang.dao;
import com.wang.pojo.Books;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import java.util.List;
public interface BookMapper {
//增加一本书
int addBook(Books books);
//删除一本书
int deleteBookById(@Param("bookID") int id);
//更新一本书
int updateBook(Books books);
//查询一本书
Books queryBookById(@Param("bookID") int id);
//查询全部的书
List<Books> queryAllBooks();
}
4、学了mybatis以后,实现这些接口的方法直接用Mapper.xml来做,在dao包下面新建BooksMapper.xml:
DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.wang.dao.BookMapper">
<insert id="addBook" parameterType="Books">
insert into ssmbuild.books (bookName, bookCounts, detail)
values (#{bookName},#{bookCounts},#{detail})
insert>
<delete id="deleteBookById" parameterType="int">
delete from ssmbuild.books
where bookID=#{bookID}
delete>
<update id="updateBook" parameterType="Books">
update ssmbuild.books
set bookName=#{bookName},bookCounts=#{bookCounts},detail=#{detail}
where bookID=#{bookID}
update>
<select id="queryBookById" resultType="Books">
select * from ssmbuild.books
where bookID=#{bookID}
select>
<select id="queryAllBooks" resultType="Books">
select * from ssmbuild.books
select>
mapper>
5、编写mybatis的核心配置文件,取别名,并进行mapper的注册:
DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<typeAliases>
<package name="com.wang.pojo"/>
typeAliases>
<mappers>
<mapper class="com.wang.dao.BookMapper"/>
mappers>
configuration>
6、开始写service层,新建接口和Impl实现类,把dao注入到其中,然后调用方法,具体如下:
(1)BookService接口:
package com.wang.service;
import com.wang.pojo.Books;
import java.util.List;
public interface BookService {
//增加一本书
int addBook(Books books);
//删除一本书
int deleteBookById(int id);
//更新一本书
int updateBook(Books books);
//查询一本书
Books queryBookById(int id);
//查询全部的书
List<Books> queryAllBooks();
}
(2)BookServiceImpl类:
package com.wang.service;
import com.wang.dao.BookMapper;
import com.wang.pojo.Books;
import java.util.List;
public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService{
//service层调dao层,组合dao
private BookMapper bookMapper;
public void setBookMapper(BookMapper bookMapper) {
this.bookMapper = bookMapper;
}
@Override
public int addBook(Books books) {
return bookMapper.addBook(books);
}
@Override
public int deleteBookById(int id) {
return bookMapper.deleteBookById(id);
}
@Override
public int updateBook(Books books) {
return bookMapper.updateBook(books);
}
@Override
public Books queryBookById(int id) {
return bookMapper.queryBookById(id);
}
@Override
public List<Books> queryAllBooks() {
return bookMapper.queryAllBooks();
}
}
到这里,终于把Mybatis层配完了
1、在resources下新建spring-dao.xml:
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:database.properties"/>
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
<property name="maxPoolSize" value="30"/>
<property name="minPoolSize" value="10"/>
<property name="autoCommitOnClose" value="false"/>
<property name="checkoutTimeout" value="10000"/>
<property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="2"/>
bean>
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml"/>
bean>
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory"/>
<property name="basePackage" value="com.wang.dao"/>
bean>
beans>
2、整合service层,因为service层有个很重要的东西:事务。
在resources下新建spring-service.xml:
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<context:component-scan base-package="com.wang.service"/>
<bean id="BookServiceImpl" class="com.wang.service.BookServiceImpl">
<property name="bookMapper" ref="bookMapper"/>
bean>
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
bean>
beans>
3、最后再applicationContext.xml中导入两个配置:
<import resource="classpath:spring-dao.xml"/>
<import resource="classpath:spring-service.xml"/>
1、首先这已经是一个有web框架支持的项目了,那么我们就直接在web.xml中配置DispatchServlet以及解决乱码的过滤:
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvcservlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServletservlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xmlparam-value>
init-param>
<load-on-startup>1load-on-startup>
servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvcservlet-name>
<url-pattern>/url-pattern>
servlet-mapping>
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilterfilter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilterfilter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encodingparam-name>
<param-value>utf-8param-value>
init-param>
filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilterfilter-name>
<url-pattern>/*url-pattern>
filter-mapping>
<session-config>
<session-timeout>15session-timeout>
session-config>
web-app>
2、在resources下新建spring-mvc.xml:
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<mvc:annotation-driven/>
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.wang.controller"/>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
bean>
beans>
最后记得在applicationContext.xml中导入这个resource:
<import resource="classpath:spring-mvc.xml"/>
3、最后一步只需要在WEB-INF下面新建一个jsp的包即可,整个项目的配置到现在构建完毕。
这个最好能够保存下来,以后这个就可以作为做项目的底层了!
我认为这是很重要的一部分,要锻炼自己的纠错能力,那么我们需要进行一下测试:
(1)在controller包下新建BookController类:
package com.wang.controller;
import com.wang.pojo.Books;
import com.wang.service.BookService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import java.util.List;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/book")
public class BookController {
//controller层调用service层
@Autowired
@Qualifier("BookServiceImpl")
private BookService bookService;
//查询全部的书籍,并且返回到一个书籍展示页面
@RequestMapping("/allBook")
public String list(Model model){
List<Books> list = bookService.queryAllBooks();
model.addAttribute("list",list);
return "allBook";
}
}
(2)直接在WEB-INF下新建jsp的包,新建allBook.jsp:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>书籍展示页面title>
head>
<body>
<h1>书籍展示h1>
body>
html>
(3)修改一下index.jsp的内容,这个页面即为首页,我们用页面跳转来访问allBook.jsp的内容:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>首页title>
head>
<body>
<h3>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/allBook">进入书籍页面a>
h3>
body>
html>
正确的运行结果应该为:

点击链接后,页面成功跳转:

1、查看有没有lib包且导入全部依赖
2、查看bean是否注入成功
3、Junit测试单元,看我们的代码能否查询出结果:
在test-java中新建MyTest类:
import com.wang.pojo.Books;
import com.wang.service.BookService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class MyTest{
@Test
public void test(){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
BookService bookServiceImpl = (BookService) context.getBean("BookServiceImpl");
for (Books books : bookServiceImpl.queryAllBooks()) {
System.out.println(books);
}
}
}

4、那么可以知道出问题的是Spring,因为底层的东西并没有报错,正常返回正确的结果,接下来只需要检查web.xml文件中的servlet初始化是否有问题,init-param标签内的value值改为:classpath:applicationContext.xml即可。
我们接着要开始写各个功能,并且要返回出好看的让客户看的可视化界面,那么首先先修改一下首页的样式,我们可以修改h3和a的style样式:
<style>
a{
text-decoration: none;
color:black;
font-size:18px;
}
h3{
width: 180px;
height: 38px;
margin: 200px auto;
text-align: center;
line-height: 38px;
background: deepskyblue;
border-radius: 5px;
}
</style>
接着我们要开始编写allBook.jsp页面,利用BootStrap来优化界面,并且真正实现显示全部书籍。
该代码为:
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>书籍展示页面</title>
<%--BootSrap美化界面--%>
<link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row clearfix">
<div class="col-md-12 column">
<div class="page-header">
<h1>
<small>书籍列表 —— 显示所有书籍</small>
</h1>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row clearfix">
<div class="clo-md-12 column">
<table class="table table-hover table-striped">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>书籍编号</th>
<th>书籍名称</th>
<th>书籍数量</th>
<th>书籍详情</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<%-- 书籍从数据库中查询出来,从这个list中遍历出来,利用foreach --%>
<tbody>
<c:forEach var="book" items="${list}">
<tr>
<td>${book.bookID}</td>
<td>${book.bookName}</td>
<td>${book.bookCounts}</td>
<td>${book.detail}</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
后序的功能和之前的原理差不多,首先我们的首页都必须含有各功能的链接的跳转,要跳转的内容我们在controller层进行编程,即面向controller层编程。
(1)先向allBook.jsp内加上代码:
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 column">
<%--toAddBook--%>
<a class="btn btn-primary" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toAddBook">新增书籍</a>
</div>
</div>
2、直接面向controller层编程,既要能够实现新增书籍,还需要增加书籍以后要能够跳转回全部书籍页面,利用重定向即可实现:
//跳转到增加书籍页面:
@RequestMapping("/toAddBook")
public String toAddPaper(){
return "addBook";
}
//添加书籍的请求
@RequestMapping("/addBook")
public String addBook(Books books){
//System.out.println();
bookService.addBook(books);
return "redirect:/book/allBook";//重定向到我们的@RequestMapping("/allBook")
}
3、我们只需要在addBook.jsp中写一个表单,提交写的请求即可。
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %>
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>书籍展示页面</title>
<%--BootSrap美化界面--%>
<link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row clearfix">
<div class="col-md-12 column">
<div class="page-header">
<h1>
<small>书籍列表 —— 显示所有书籍</small>
</h1>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-4 column">
<%--toAddBook--%>
<a class="btn btn-primary" href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toAddBook">新增书籍</a>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row clearfix">
<div class="clo-md-12 column">
<table class="table table-hover table-striped">
<thead>
<tr>
<th>书籍编号</th>
<th>书籍名称</th>
<th>书籍数量</th>
<th>书籍详情</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<%-- 书籍从数据库中查询出来,从这个list中遍历出来,利用foreach --%>
<tbody>
<c:forEach var="book" items="${list}">
<tr>
<td>${book.bookID}</td>
<td>${book.bookName}</td>
<td>${book.bookCounts}</td>
<td>${book.detail}</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
功能简单,也就是加了一本书而已,页面重定向成功且数据库中的表确实有新增的书籍,成功。
也就是在总的页面的table控件中新增一下修改和删除的选项,但是我们需要注意的是,当我们在修改额删除书籍的时候,由于书的ID是隐藏的,也就是说并没有这么一个传值的过程,那么我们就需要利用到隐藏域的知识,用隐藏域的手段来实现传入ID值,最后实现功能。
BookController.java:
//跳转到修改页面
@RequestMapping("/toUpdateBook")
public String toUpdateBook(Model model, int id) {
Books books = bookService.queryBookById(id);
//System.out.println(books);
model.addAttribute("QBook",books);
return "updateBook";
}
//响应修改的请求
@RequestMapping("/updateBook")
public String updateBook(Books books) {
//System.out.println(book);
bookService.updateBook(books);
return "redirect:/book/allBook";
}
//删除的代码使用了RestFul风格
@RequestMapping("/deleteBook/{bookID}")
public String deleteBook(@PathVariable("bookID") int id){
bookService.deleteBookById(id);
return "redirect:/book/allBook";
}
allbook.jsp的table将会写入操作的连接:
<td>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/toUpdateBook?id=${book.bookID}">更改</a> |
<%--这里将使用RestFul风格--%>
<a href="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/deleteBook/${book.bookID}">删除</a>
</td>
别忘了表头tr也得在前面写上。
updateBook.jsp:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>修改书籍</title>
<%--BootSrap美化界面--%>
<link href="https://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet">
</head>
<body>
<div class="container">
<div class="row clearfix">
<div class="col-md-12 column">
<div class="page-header">
<h1>
<small>修改书籍</small>
</h1>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<%--书籍表单--%>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/book/updateBook" method="post">
<%-- 可能出现的问题是即便提交了修改的SQL请求,但是修改失败,可以先考虑是事务的问题,配置完毕后依旧失败 --%>
<%-- 那么看一下SQL语句能否执行成功,发现无法成功,因为没传入ID --%>
<%-- 那么我们利用前端来传递隐藏域 --%>
<input type="hidden" name="bookID" value="${QBook.bookID}">
<div class="form-group">
<label>书籍名称:</label>
<input type="text" name="bookName" class="form-control" value="${QBook.bookName}" required>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>书籍数量:</label>
<input type="text" name="bookCounts" class="form-control" value="${QBook.bookCounts}" required>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label>书籍描述:</label>
<input type="text" name="detail" class="form-control" value="${QBook.detail}" required>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<input type="submit" class="form-control" value="修改">
</div>
</form>
</div>
</body>
</html>
图书馆系统增删改查