在centos上使用pyenv管理python及虚拟环境

1. 准备工作

        1.1 安装依赖包

yum install gcc zlib-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel readline-devel sqlite sqlite-devel openssl-devel tk-devel libffi-devel xz-devel

        1.2. 如果没有git环境的话，还需要下载git

yum install -y git

2. 下载pyenv（git方式）

git clone https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv.git ~/.pyenv

3. 将环境变量添加至配置文件中

[root@VM-0-12-centos ~]# cat .bash_profile
# .bash_profile
 
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
	. ~/.bashrc
fi
 
# User specific environment and startup programs
export PYENV_ROOT="$HOME/.pyenv"
export PATH="$PYENV_ROOT/bin:$PATH"
eval "$(pyenv init --path)"
eval "$(pyenv init -)"
eval "$(pyenv virtualenv-init -)"
[root@VM-0-12-centos ~]#

4. pyenv的基本使用

        4.1 查看pyenv可下载的python版本，同时测试pyenv是否安装成功

[root@VM-0-12-centos ~]# pyenv install --list
Available versions:
  2.1.3
  2.2.3
  2.3.7
  2.4.0
  ...
[root@VM-0-12-centos ~]#

        4.2 下载所需要的python版本

pyenv install 3.9.1 -v
// 3.9.1代表python的版本号
// -v 表示安装过程可视化

        4.3 下载完成之后，查看所有已安装的python版本

[root@VM-0-12-centos ~]# pyenv versions
* system (set by /root/.pyenv/version)
  3.6.8
  3.7.2
  3.8.6
  3.9.1
[root@VM-0-12-centos ~]#

5. 配置虚拟环境（pyenv-virtualenv）

        5.1 下载（git方式）

 git clone https://github.com/pyenv/pyenv-virtualenv.git $(pyenv root)/plugins/pyenv-virtualenv

        5.2 指定python版本创建虚拟环境

[root@VM-0-12-centos ~]# pyenv virtualenv 3.9.1 env391
Looking in links: /tmp/tmpzbwbypcj
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /root/.pyenv/versions/3.9.1/envs/env391/lib/python3.9/site-packages (49.2.1)
Requirement already satisfied: pip in /root/.pyenv/versions/3.9.1/envs/env391/lib/python3.9/site-packages (20.2.3)
[root@VM-0-12-centos ~]# 

        5.3 列出虚拟环境

[root@VM-0-12-centos ~]# pyenv virtualenvs
  3.8.6/envs/env386 (created from /root/.pyenv/versions/3.8.6)
  3.9.1/envs/env391 (created from /root/.pyenv/versions/3.9.1)
  env386 (created from /root/.pyenv/versions/3.8.6)
  env391 (created from /root/.pyenv/versions/3.9.1)
[root@VM-0-12-centos ~]#

        5.4 进入虚拟环境并查看python版本

[root@VM-0-12-centos ~]# pyenv activate env391
pyenv-virtualenv: prompt changing will be removed from future release. configure `export PYENV_VIRTUALENV_DISABLE_PROMPT=1' to simulate the behavior.
(env391) [root@VM-0-12-centos ~]# python -V
Python 3.9.1
(env391) [root@VM-0-12-centos ~]# pyenv activate env386
pyenv-virtualenv: prompt changing will be removed from future release. configure `export PYENV_VIRTUALENV_DISABLE_PROMPT=1' to simulate the behavior.
(env386) [root@VM-0-12-centos ~]# python -V
Python 3.8.6
(env386) [root@VM-0-12-centos ~]#

        5.5 退出虚拟环境

(env386) [root@VM-0-12-centos ~]# pyenv deactivate
[root@VM-0-12-centos ~]#