定义于头文件
算法库提供大量用途的函数(例如查找、排序、计数、操作),它们在元素范围上操作。注意范围定义为 [first, last)
,其中 last
指代要查询或修改的最后元素的后一个元素。
std::rotate
template< class ForwardIt > | (1) | (C++11 前) |
template< class ForwardIt > | (C++11 起) (C++20 前) | |
template< class ForwardIt > constexpr ForwardIt rotate( ForwardIt first, ForwardIt n_first, ForwardIt last ); | (C++20 起) | |
template< class ExecutionPolicy, class ForwardIt > ForwardIt rotate( ExecutionPolicy&& policy, ForwardIt first, ForwardIt n_first, ForwardIt last ); | (2) | (C++17 起) |
1) 进行元素范围上的左旋转。
具体而言, std::rotate
交换范围 [first, last)
中的元素,方式满足元素 n_first
成为新范围的首个元素,而 n_first - 1
成为最后元素。
此函数的前提条件是 [first, n_first)
和 [n_first, last)
为合法范围。
2) 同 (1) ,但按照 policy
执行。这些重载仅若 std::is_execution_policy_vtrue
才参与重载决议。
first | - | 原范围的起始 |
n_first | - | 应出现在旋转后范围起始的元素 |
last | - | 原范围的结尾 |
policy | - | 所用的执行策略。细节见执行策略。 |
类型要求 | ||
- ForwardIt 必须满足值可交换 (ValueSwappable) 和 遗留向前迭代器 (LegacyForwardIterator) 的要求。 | ||
- 解引用 ForwardIt 结果的类型必须满足可移动赋值 (MoveAssignable) 和可移动构造 (MoveConstructible) 的要求。 |
(无) | (C++11 前) |
指向 | (C++11 起) |
与 first
和 last
间的距离成线性。
拥有名为 ExecutionPolicy
的模板形参的重载按下列方式报告错误:
ExecutionPolicy
为标准策略之一,则调用 std::terminate 。对于任何其他 ExecutionPolicy
,行为是实现定义的。- template<class ForwardIt>
- ForwardIt rotate(ForwardIt first, ForwardIt n_first, ForwardIt last)
- {
- if(first == n_first) return last;
- if(n_first == last) return first;
-
- auto read = n_first;
- auto write = first;
- auto next_read = first; // "read" 撞击 "last" 时的读取位置
-
- while(read != last) {
- if(write == next_read) next_read = read; // 跟踪 "first" 所至
- std::iter_swap(write++, read++);
- }
-
- // 旋转剩余序列到位置中
- (rotate)(write, next_read, last);
- return write;
- }
- #include <iostream>
- #include <algorithm>
- #include <functional>
- #include <vector>
- #include <iterator>
-
- using namespace std;
-
- struct Cell
- {
- int x;
- int y;
-
- Cell &operator +=(const Cell &cell)
- {
- x += cell.x;
- y += cell.y;
- return *this;
- }
- };
-
- std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const Cell &cell)
- {
- os << "{" << cell.x << "," << cell.y << "}";
- return os;
- }
-
- int main()
- {
- auto func1 = [](Cell & cell, const Cell & t)
- {
- cell += t;
- return cell;
- };
-
- Cell cell{99, 100};
- Cell t{2, 3};
- auto func2 = std::bind(func1, cell, t);
-
- vector<Cell> cells(8);
- std::generate(cells.begin(), cells.end(), func2);
- std::cout << "original : ";
- std::copy(cells.begin(), cells.end(), std::ostream_iterator<Cell>(std::cout, " "));
- std::cout << std::endl;
-
- std::rotate(cells.begin(), cells.begin() + cells.size() / 3, cells.end());
- std::cout << "simple rotate left : ";
- std::copy(cells.begin(), cells.end(), std::ostream_iterator<Cell>(std::cout, " "));
- std::cout << std::endl;
-
- std::rotate(cells.rbegin(), cells.rbegin() + cells.size() / 3, cells.rend());
- std::cout << "simple rotate right : ";
- std::copy(cells.begin(), cells.end(), std::ostream_iterator<Cell>(std::cout, " "));
- std::cout << std::endl;
-
- std::rotate(cells.rbegin(), cells.rbegin() + cells.size() / 3, cells.rend());
- std::cout << "simple rotate right : ";
- std::copy(cells.begin(), cells.end(), std::ostream_iterator<Cell>(std::cout, " "));
- std::cout << std::endl;
-
- return 0;
- }