• Java Spring MVC 中使用JdbcTemplate示例


    Spring 通过使用jdbcTemplateorg.springframework.jdbc.core和相关包中的相关类,使使用 JDBC 变得容易。有关JdbcTemplate 基础知识的介绍性教程,请参阅:Spring JDBC 模板简单示例。本教程通过演示如何在Spring MVC应用程序中集成JdbcTemplate来进一步。本教程中的示例应用程序管理如下所示的联系人列表:示例应用程序是使用以下软件/技术开发的(当然,您可以使用较新的版本):

    • 爪哇 7
    • 日食开普勒
    • 弹簧框架 4.0
    • JSTL 1.2
    • MySQL 数据库 5.5
    • 马文 3

     

    1. 创建 MySQL 数据库

    执行以下 MySQL 脚本以创建名为contactdb的数据库和一个名为contact 的表:

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    create database contactdb;
     
    CREATE TABLE `contact` (
      `contact_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
      `name` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
      `email` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
      `address` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
      `telephone` varchar(45) NOT NULL,
      PRIMARY KEY (`contact_id`)
    ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=25 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

     

    2. 在 Eclipse 中创建 Maven 项目

    建议使用spring-mvc-archetype来创建项目(参见:在一分钟内使用 Maven 和 Eclipse 创建 Spring MVC 项目)。以下是项目的最终结构:

     

    pom.xml文件中的以下 XML 部分用于向项目添加依赖项配置:

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    <properties>
        <java.version>1.7java.version>
        <spring.version>4.0.3.RELEASEspring.version>
        <cglib.version>2.2.2cglib.version>
    properties>
     
    <dependencies>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-contextartifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}version>
        dependency>
     
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvcartifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}version>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-ormartifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}version>
            <type>jartype>
            <scope>compilescope>
        dependency>
     
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>cglibgroupId>
            <artifactId>cglib-nodepartifactId>
            <version>${cglib.version}version>
            <scope>runtimescope>
        dependency>
     
     
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servletgroupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-apiartifactId>
            <version>3.1.0version>
            <scope>providedscope>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jspgroupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-apiartifactId>
            <version>2.3.1version>
            <scope>providedscope>
        dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>jstlgroupId>
            <artifactId>jstlartifactId>
            <version>1.2version>
        dependency>
     
    dependencies>

     

    3. 编码模型类

    模型类 -Contact.java- 非常简单:

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    package net.codejava.spring.model;
     
    public class Contact {
        private int id;
        private String name;
        private String email;
        private String address;
        private String telephone;
     
        public Contact() {
        }
     
        public Contact(String name, String email, String address, String telephone) {
            this.name = name;
            this.email = email;
            this.address = address;
            this.telephone = telephone;
        }
     
        // getters and setters
    }

    此类只是将表联系人中的一行映射到普通的旧 Java 对象 (POJO) -Contact。

     

    4. 编码 DAO 类

    ContactDAO接口定义了对联系人表执行 CRUD 操作的方法:

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    package net.codejava.spring.dao;
     
    import java.util.List;
     
    import net.codejava.spring.model.Contact;
     
    /**
     * Defines DAO operations for the contact model.
     * @author www.codejava.net
     *
     */
    public interface ContactDAO {
         
        public void saveOrUpdate(Contact contact);
         
        public void delete(int contactId);
         
        public Contact get(int contactId);
         
        public List list();
    }

    这是一个实现 -ContactDAOImpl.java

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    package net.codejava.spring.dao;
     
    import java.sql.ResultSet;
    import java.sql.SQLException;
    import java.util.List;
     
    import javax.sql.DataSource;
     
    import net.codejava.spring.model.Contact;
     
    import org.springframework.dao.DataAccessException;
    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.ResultSetExtractor;
    import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
     
    /**
     * An implementation of the ContactDAO interface.
     * @author www.codejava.net
     *
     */
    public class ContactDAOImpl implements ContactDAO {
     
        private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
     
        public ContactDAOImpl(DataSource dataSource) {
            jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
        }
     
        @Override
        public void saveOrUpdate(Contact contact) {
            // implementation details goes here...
        }
     
        @Override
        public void delete(int contactId) {
            // implementation details goes here...
        }
     
        @Override
        public List list() {
            // implementation details goes here...
        }
     
        @Override
        public Contact get(int contactId) {
            // implementation details goes here...
        }
     
    }

    请注意声明JdbcTemplate的开头部分,并且通过构造函数注入数据源对象:

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    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
     
    public ContactDAOImpl(DataSource dataSource) {
        jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(dataSource);
    }

    现在,让我们看一下每种方法的实现细节。插入或更新新联系人:

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    public void saveOrUpdate(Contact contact) {
        if (contact.getId() > 0) {
            // update
            String sql = "UPDATE contact SET name=?, email=?, address=?, "
                        "telephone=? WHERE contact_id=?";
            jdbcTemplate.update(sql, contact.getName(), contact.getEmail(),
                    contact.getAddress(), contact.getTelephone(), contact.getId());
        else {
            // insert
            String sql = "INSERT INTO contact (name, email, address, telephone)"
                        " VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)";
            jdbcTemplate.update(sql, contact.getName(), contact.getEmail(),
                    contact.getAddress(), contact.getTelephone());
        }
     
    }

    请注意,如果联系人对象的 ID 大于零,请更新它;否则就是插入。注意:为了提高代码可读性,可以使用NamedParameterJdbcTemplate,而不是使用问号 (?) 作为占位符。您也可以使用SimpleJdbcInsert类,该类使用起来更方便。删除联系人:

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    public void delete(int contactId) {
        String sql = "DELETE FROM contact WHERE contact_id=?";
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql, contactId);
    }

    列出所有联系人:

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    public List list() {
        String sql = "SELECT * FROM contact";
        List listContact = jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new RowMapper() {
     
            @Override
            public Contact mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
                Contact aContact = new Contact();
     
                aContact.setId(rs.getInt("contact_id"));
                aContact.setName(rs.getString("name"));
                aContact.setEmail(rs.getString("email"));
                aContact.setAddress(rs.getString("address"));
                aContact.setTelephone(rs.getString("telephone"));
     
                return aContact;
            }
     
        });
     
        return listContact;
    }

    请注意,使用RowMapper将结果集中的行映射到 POJO 对象。为了更方便,你可以像这样使用BeanPropertyRowMapper类:

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    public List list() {
        String sql = "SELECT * FROM Contact";
         
        return jdbcTemplate.query(sql, BeanPropertyRowMapper.newInstance(Contact.class));  
    }

    确保 Contact 类声明的字段名称与数据库表中的列名称完全匹配。使用BeanPropertyRowMapper更方便,但性能比使用RowMapper 慢。获取特定联系人:

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    public Contact get(int contactId) {
        String sql = "SELECT * FROM contact WHERE contact_id=" + contactId;
        return jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new ResultSetExtractor() {
     
            @Override
            public Contact extractData(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException,
                    DataAccessException {
                if (rs.next()) {
                    Contact contact = new Contact();
                    contact.setId(rs.getInt("contact_id"));
                    contact.setName(rs.getString("name"));
                    contact.setEmail(rs.getString("email"));
                    contact.setAddress(rs.getString("address"));
                    contact.setTelephone(rs.getString("telephone"));
                    return contact;
                }
     
                return null;
            }
     
        });
    }

    请注意使用ResultSetExtractor将单行提取为 POJO。你也可以像这样使用BeanPropertyRowMapper类:

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    public Contact get(int contactId) {
        String sql = "SELECT * FROM Contact WHERE id=" + contactId;
        return jdbcTemplate.queryForObject(sql, BeanPropertyRowMapper.newInstance(Contact.class));
    }

    它大大简化了代码,但换来的是性能降低。

     

    5. 编码弹簧MVC配置

    基于Java的类和注释用于配置这个Spring MVC应用程序。下面是MvcConfiguration类的代码:

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    package net.codejava.spring.config;
     
    import javax.sql.DataSource;
     
    import net.codejava.spring.dao.ContactDAO;
    import net.codejava.spring.dao.ContactDAOImpl;
     
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
    import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
    import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.ViewResolver;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;
    import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver;
     
    @Configuration
    @ComponentScan(basePackages="net.codejava.spring")
    @EnableWebMvc
    public class MvcConfiguration extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter{
     
        @Bean
        public ViewResolver getViewResolver(){
            InternalResourceViewResolver resolver = new InternalResourceViewResolver();
            resolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/views/");
            resolver.setSuffix(".jsp");
            return resolver;
        }
         
        @Override
        public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
            registry.addResourceHandler("/resources/**").addResourceLocations("/resources/");
        }
     
        @Bean
        public DataSource getDataSource() {
            DriverManagerDataSource dataSource = new DriverManagerDataSource();
            dataSource.setDriverClassName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
            dataSource.setUrl("jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/contactdb");
            dataSource.setUsername("root");
            dataSource.setPassword("P@ssw0rd");
             
            return dataSource;
        }
         
        @Bean
        public ContactDAO getContactDAO() {
            return new ContactDAOImpl(getDataSource());
        }
    }

    请注意,getDataSource() 方法返回一个配置的数据源Bean。您可能需要根据您的环境更改数据库 URL、用户名和密码。getContactDAO()方法返回ContactDAO接口的实现,该接口是ContactDAOImpl类。此 Bean 将被注入到控制器类中,如下所述。

     

    6. 配置 Spring MVC 调度程序 Servlet

    要为我们的Java Web应用程序启用Spring MVC,请更新Web部署描述符文件(web.xml),如下所示:

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    xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
    <web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee"
        xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
        xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
        <display-name>SpringMvcJdbcTemplatedisplay-name>
        <context-param>
            <param-name>contextClassparam-name>
            <param-value>
                org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
            param-value>
        context-param>
        <listener>
            <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListenerlistener-class>
        listener>
     
        <servlet>
            <servlet-name>SpringDispatcherservlet-name>
            <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServletservlet-class>
            <init-param>
                <param-name>contextClassparam-name>
                <param-value>
                    org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext
                param-value>
            init-param>
            <init-param>
                <param-name>contextConfigLocationparam-name>
                <param-value>net.codejava.springparam-value>
            init-param>
            <load-on-startup>1load-on-startup>
        servlet>
        <servlet-mapping>
            <servlet-name>SpringDispatcherservlet-name>
            <url-pattern>/url-pattern>
        servlet-mapping>
     
        <session-config>
            <session-timeout>30session-timeout>
        session-config>
    web-app>

     

    7. 编码弹簧控制器类

    HomeController类的框架:

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    public class HomeController {
     
        @Autowired
        private ContactDAO contactDAO;
     
        // handler methods go here...
    }

    请注意,我们使用@Autowired注释让 Spring 自动将ContactDAO实现的实例注入到这个控制器中。每个处理程序方法都使用此contactDAO对象来执行必要的 CRUD 操作。让我们看看每种方法的实现细节。列出所有联系人的处理程序方法(也用作主页):

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    @RequestMapping(value="/")
    public ModelAndView listContact(ModelAndView model) throws IOException{
        List listContact = contactDAO.list();
        model.addObject("listContact", listContact);
        model.setViewName("home");
     
        return model;
    }

     

    显示新联系人表单的处理程序方法:

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    @RequestMapping(value = "/newContact", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public ModelAndView newContact(ModelAndView model) {
        Contact newContact = new Contact();
        model.addObject("contact", newContact);
        model.setViewName("ContactForm");
        return model;
    }

     

    插入/更新联系人的处理程序方法:

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    @RequestMapping(value = "/saveContact", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public ModelAndView saveContact(@ModelAttribute Contact contact) {
        contactDAO.saveOrUpdate(contact);
        return new ModelAndView("redirect:/");
    }

     

    删除联系人的处理程序方法:

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    @RequestMapping(value = "/deleteContact", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public ModelAndView deleteContact(HttpServletRequest request) {
        int contactId = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("id"));
        contactDAO.delete(contactId);
        return new ModelAndView("redirect:/");
    }

     

    用于检索特定联系人的详细信息以进行编辑的处理程序方法:

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    @RequestMapping(value = "/editContact", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public ModelAndView editContact(HttpServletRequest request) {
        int contactId = Integer.parseInt(request.getParameter("id"));
        Contact contact = contactDAO.get(contactId);
        ModelAndView model = new ModelAndView("ContactForm");
        model.addObject("contact", contact);
     
        return model;
    }

     

    8. 编码联系人列表页面(主页)

    以下是主页.jsp页面的源代码,其中显示联系人列表以及用于创建新联系人、编辑和删除联系人的操作链接。

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    <%@page contentType="text/html" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
       "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
    <%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c" %>
     
    <html>
        <head>
            <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
            <title>Contact Manager Hometitle>
        head>
        <body>
            <div align="center">
                <h1>Contact Listh1>
                <h3><a href="/newContact">New Contacta>h3>
                <table border="1">
                    <th>Noth>
                    <th>Nameth>
                    <th>Emailth>
                    <th>Addressth>
                    <th>Telephoneth>
                    <th>Actionth>
                     
                    <c:forEach var="contact" items="${listContact}" varStatus="status">
                    <tr>
                        <td>${status.index + 1}td>
                        <td>${contact.name}td>
                        <td>${contact.email}td>
                        <td>${contact.address}td>
                        <td>${contact.telephone}td>
                        <td>
                            <a href="/editContact?id=${contact.id}">Edita>
                                
                            <a href="/deleteContact?id=${contact.id}">Deletea>
                        td>
                                 
                    tr>
                    c:forEach>             
                table>
            div>
        body>
    html>

    请注意,此 JSP 页使用 JSTL 和 EL 表达式。

     

    9. 编码联系表格页面

    联系人表单页面 (ContactForm.jsp) 显示用于创建新联系人或更新旧联系人的详细信息。这是它的完整源代码:

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    <%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
        pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
    <%@ taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form"%>
        "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
    <html>
    <head>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
    <title>New/Edit Contacttitle>
    head>
    <body>
        <div align="center">
            <h1>New/Edit Contacth1>
            <form:form action="saveContact" method="post" modelAttribute="contact">
            <table>
                <form:hidden path="id"/>
                <tr>
                    <td>Name:td>
                    <td><form:input path="name" />td>
                tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Email:td>
                    <td><form:input path="email" />td>
                tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Address:td>
                    <td><form:input path="address" />td>
                tr>
                <tr>
                    <td>Telephone:td>
                    <td><form:input path="telephone" />td>
                tr>
                <tr>
                    <td colspan="2" align="center"><input type="submit" value="Save">td>
                tr>
            table>
            form:form>
        div>
    body>
    html>

    请注意,此 JSP 页使用 Spring 窗体标记将窗体的值绑定到模型对象。要测试应用程序,您可以在方便时下载 Eclipse 项目或部署附加的 WAR 文件。

     

     
    附件:

    SpringMvcJdbcTemplate.war
    [可部署的 WAR 文件]5521 千字节

    SpringMvcJdbcTemplate.zip
    [Eclipse-Maven 项目]27 千字节
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  • 原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/allway2/article/details/127670910