英语语法汇总（10.被动语态）

10.被动语态

概述

• 分为主动和被动，主动式执行的动作的人或物

  • I cooked the food last night

• 强调主语是动作承受者

  • the bridge was built in 1943

• 句子结构严谨的方式

  • It is /was +动作过去分词（被动语态）+that+引导的从句
    • it said that there are foods
  • there +动词(被动语态结构)+to be +补足语
    • there is supposed to be a train ate 12:31
  • 动词（被动语态结构）+to的不定式 acknowledge,allege,believe
    • He was considered to be a genius in his lifetime

• 被动语态强调对象是动作的承受者，如果选哟说明做动作执行者，用by+行为主体

  • the window was broken by a stone

被动语态的构成

• 句子的主语是动作的承受者，动词的过去分词构成
  • the food was cooked by him
• 被动语态的构成形式
  • 一般现在时：be+过去分词
    • the job is done by employee
  • 一般过去时被动语态： was/were+过去分词
  • the letter was delivered
  • 现在进行时被动语态：be+being+过去分词
    • the job is being done in this week
  • 现在完成时被动语态：have/has+been+过去分词
    • the bus has been left
  • 过去进行时被动语态：was/were +being+过去分词
    • the question was being answering
  • 一般将来时的被动语态：be going to/will/shall+be+过去分词
    • the problem is going to be dealt with as soon as possible
  • 过去完成时被动语态：had been + 过去分词
    • the project had been completed

不定式的被动语态

• 主语+谓语+宾语+不定式，动词是被动语态，其后的不定式保持主动语态
• they asked me make a speech= I was asked to make speech
• 含有被动语义时，不定式变为被动
  • He never expected them to find the bicycle=He never expected the bicycle to be found

情态动词的被动语态

• will,can,must 等情态动词后情态动词后be+过去分词
  • you can be passed this test

分词结构的被动语态

• being+过去分词，完成时 having+been+过去分词
  • he don’t like being criticized
  • 被动语态于用作形容词的过去分词是有区别的，前者强调行为，后者强调状态
    • He was worried about you all night(形容词，表示状态)
    • I was disturbed by him
  • want,need,require,demand后接doing形式时，其主动形式表被动
    • the cloths need washing(衣服需要被洗)