【英语：基础高阶_全场景覆盖表达】K8.口语主题陈述——自然与环境类

1.自然与环境类

1.1.VOCABULARY: WEATHER

Collocations for Weather

• extreme
• changeablegood
• beautiful
• awful
• dismal 阴沉的
• fair
• nippy = cold
• chilly = quite cold
• bone dry = very dry

1.2.VOCABULARY: WEATHER & CLIMATE

• Weather - is more about short term changes - Weather tellsyou what to wear each day.
• Climate - is more about longer term changes - Climate tellsyou what types of clothes to have in your wardrobe!

1.3.VOCABULARY : CLIMATE

Collocations for Climate

• Inhospitable (=not kind) severe
• mild (=not hot/not cold)
• hot
• tropical

1.4.KEY PHRASES AND IDEAS

• Global Warming - An increase in the global average temperature on earth
• Climate Change - the change in general weather conditions on the earth over a long period of time.
• For example, we see more extremes weather nowadays, such as storms, tornadoes, and floods than in the past.
• Gas emissions - the production of gases like carbon dioxide (CO2), and methane(CH4).
• The Greenhouse effect - greenhouse gases trap heat from the sun in the atmosphere. The heat cannot escape and so the planet gets hotter.
• Deforestation - the cutting down of trees on a large scale
• Habitats - where animals and plants live
• An ecosystem - a community of living things connected to their environment.
• A Carbon footprint - the number of greenhouse gases produced by any person or organization’s activity.
• l can reduce my carbon footprint by using less electricity at home.
• Renewable energies - water (hydro), wind,sun (solar)
• Try to solve / tackle / address climate change / global warming
• We need to tackle climate change head-on (=directly)
• Mitigate climate change (=reduce, alleviate, minimize)

1.4.SOLUTIONS TO CLIMATE CHANGE

We can change the way we travel, opting for public transport and avoiding
travel by plane whenever possible.

• We can eat less meat, and so reduce the demand for livestock and cattle.
• We can shop locally, so food supply chains do not need excessive travel by train,
  boat, or plane.
• By and large, we should consume less, whether it be for electrical appliances or
  clothes. We shouldn’t be a victim of fast fashion.
• We can also consume less electricity at home, by using energy-saving bulbs and
  be more careful to turn off lights and save energy.

1.5.VOCABULARY: RECYCLING

• recycle (v) plastic, paper
• reduce (v) our use of plastic
• reuse (v) items
• recycling (n.) the recycling of glass
• recyclable( adj.)
• recycled paper
• To be completely/ easily recyclable (glass products/paper)
• Recycling is important to protect mother earth.

1.6.VOCABULARY: RECYCLING

When it comes to recycling, we can recycle… (Common recyclables are… )

• Plastic
• Glass
• Paper / cardboard / boxes
• Food / leftovers (uneaten food)
• Batteries
• Used oil

1.7.VOCABULARY: RECYCLING

• By putting it into separate containers/bins
• When it comes to re-using, we can make good use of old clothes
• Selling second-hand clothes online is all the rage (=very fashionable) now
• We can pass old clothes down to younger siblings
• When it comes to re-using, we can make good use of notebooks and magazines
• These can be used for craftwork projects or activities with kids.

1.8.VOCABULARY: WASTE

• waste
• rubbish (UK)
• trash (US)
• garbage (US)
• debris
• rubbish bin (UK)
• garbage can (US)
• trash can (US)
• landfill
• dumping ground
• rubbish tip

1.9.VOCABULARY: WASTE

Key phrases to talk about throwing away rubbish are:

• throw away
• throw out
• get rid of
• toss away / out
• dispose of
• donate (=give away)

1.10.VOCABULARY: WASTE

Collocations:

• dispose of rubbish
• throw away litter / rubbish / garbage / trash
• get rid of nuclear waste / all the old furniture

Common Collocations

• recycling program
• recycling center / factory / plant 回收厂
• recycling bins / recycling containers
• recyclable items

2.自然与环境类常见问题

What do you like to do when it’s a sunny day?

• I’d love to participate in some outdoor activities under the sun like meeting up with some friends or do some sports, especially swimming. Or I’ll grab the chance for a photography tour. Everything becomes so clear and stunning on sunny days, no matter whether it’s early in the morning or late in the afternoon, as long as the sun shines, I’m sure I’ll find inspiration almost everywhere.

What kind of weather do you dislike?

• I do not like the extreme heat of summer, but do you know what I disliked more? A humid weather; at least in the summer you could sweat off the heat, but in a humid environment, the effectiveness of sweating in cooling the body is reduced by reducing the rate of evaporation of moisture from the skin.

Would you like to stay at home or go ou