• drf之day04: drf请求与响应，drf能够解析的请求编码，响应编码，drf之视图组件，2个视图基类

    目录标题

    一：drf之请求与响应

    1.Request类

    1.继承APIView后，请求对象requests每次请求都是一个新的request

    2.data: POST, PUT, PATCH请求方式解析后的数据

    3.原生django，put提交的数据在request.POST中是娶不到的

    4.其他方法用起来和之前是一样的（method, FILES, path)

    2.Response类
    参数功能
    data=None把字典，列表序列化成json格式字符串，放到http请求的body中，返回给前端
    status=Nonehttp响应状态码，默认是200, 201
    headers=Nonehttp的响应头，是字典格式：{‘name’: ‘zhang’}
    template_name=None在浏览器中看到好看的页面，指定的模板
    content_type=None响应编码格式(json)

    二.drf能够解析的请求编码，响应编码

    1.请求编码
    1.默认能解析的请求编码
    • urlencoded,form-data, json
    2.如何配置请求编码

    其实在drf内置的配置文件中提前就配好了请求编码

    drf配置文件settings.py中有DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES（默认的解析类）

    'rest_framework.parsers.JSONParser', 可以解析json格式
'rest_framework.parsers.FormParser', 可以解析urlencoded格式
'rest_framework.parsers.MultiPartParser' 可以解析form-data格式
    方式一：全局配置
    REST_FRAMEWORK = {
                'DEFAULT_PARSER_CLASSES': [
                    'rest_framework.parsers.JSONParser',
                    # 'rest_framework.parsers.FormParser',
                    # 'rest_framework.parsers.MultiPartParser',
                ],
            }
    方式二：局部配置
    from rest_framework.parsers import JSONParser, FormParser, MultiPartParser

class TestView(APIView):
    		parser_classes = [JSONParser,FormParser,MultiPartParser]
    2.响应编码

    如果用浏览器接收响应，看到的是好看的页面，如果用postman，看到的是json格式

    默认情况下，响应的编码是根据客户端类型决定的

    方式一：全局配置
        REST_FRAMEWORK = {
        'DEFAULT_RENDERER_CLASSES': [
            # 'rest_framework.renderers.JSONRenderer', # json格式
            'rest_framework.renderers.BrowsableAPIRenderer', #浏览器的格式
        ]
    }
    方式二：局部配置
    from rest_framework.renderers import JSONRenderer, BrowsableAPIRenderer

class TestView(APIView):
    renderer_classes = [JSONRenderer,]

    三：drf之视图组件

    1.由于drf提供了一个顶层的视图类APIView，以后直接继承APIView写视图类即可

    2.后期可以使用面向对象的继承，封装

    四：2个视图基类

    1.APIView

    2.GenericAPIView(继承了APIView)

    3.方法：

    方法作用
    self.get_object()根据pk获取单个数据
    self.get_serializer()获取要使用的序列化类
    self.get_queryset()获取所有要序列化的数据

    作业：

    一：继承GenericAPIView，实现5个接口

    models.py

    class Book(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    price = models.CharField(max_length=32)
    publish = models.CharField(max_length=32)

    serializer.py

    class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        fields = '__all__'

    views.py

    class BookView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request):
        book_list = self.get_queryset()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book_list, many=True)
        return Response(data=ser.data)

    def post(self, request):
        ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
        else:
            return Response(ser.errors)


class BookDetailView(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request, pk):
        book = self.get_object()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book)
        return Response(ser.data)

    def put(self, request, pk):
        book = self.get_object()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book, data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
        else:
            return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': '修改成功'})

    def delete(self, request, pk):
        self.get_queryset().filter(pk=pk).delete()
        return Response('ok')

    urls.py

        path('books/', views.BookView.as_view()),
    path('books//', views.BookDetailView.as_view()),
    二：2 使用面向对象，写5个父类， 继承GenericAPIView+某几个父类后，就有某几个接口
    • 方法一：
    class CheckOne(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request, pk):
        book = self.get_object()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book)
        return Response(ser.data)


class CheckAll(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def get(self, request):
        book_list = self.get_queryset()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book_list, many=True)
        return Response(data=ser.data)


class AddOne(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def post(self, request):
        ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
        else:
            return Response(ser.errors)


class ChangeOne(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def put(self, request, pk):
        book = self.get_object()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book, data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
        else:
            return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': '修改成功'})


class DeleteOne(GenericAPIView):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer

    def delete(self, request, pk):
        self.get_queryset().filter(pk=pk).delete()
        return Response('ok')


class BookView(CheckAll, AddOne):
    def __init__(self):
        super(CheckAll, self).__init__()
        super(AddOne, self).__init__()


class BookDetailView(CheckOne, ChangeOne, DeleteOne):
    def __init__(self):
        super(CheckOne, self).__init__()
        super(ChangeOne, self).__init__()
        super(DeleteOne, self).__init__()
    • 方法二：
    class CheckOne:
    def get(self, request, pk):
        book = self.get_object()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book)
        return Response(ser.data)
    
class CheckAll:
    def get(self, request):
        book_list = self.get_queryset()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book_list, many=True)
        return Response(data=ser.data)

class AddOne:
    def post(self, request):
        ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
        else:
            return Response(ser.errors)

class ChangeOne:
    def put(self, request, pk):
        book = self.get_object()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book, data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
        else:
            return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': '修改成功'})

class DeleteOne:
    def delete(self, request, pk):
        self.get_queryset().filter(pk=pk).delete()
        return Response('ok')

class BookView(GenericAPIView, CheckAll, AddOne):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    def __init__(self):
        super(CheckAll, self).__init__()
        super(AddOne, self).__init__()

class BookDetailView(GenericAPIView, CheckOne, ChangeOne, DeleteOne):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    def __init__(self):
        super(CheckOne, self).__init__()
        super(ChangeOne, self).__init__()
        super(DeleteOne, self).__init__()
    三：写9个视图子类
    # Create your views here.

# 1：查看一条数据
class CheckOne:
    def get(self, request, pk):
        book = self.get_object()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book)
        return Response(ser.data)
# 2：查看所有数据
class CheckAll:
    def get(self, request):
        book_list = self.get_queryset()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book_list, many=True)
        return Response(data=ser.data)
# 3.增加一条数据
class AddOne:
    def post(self, request):
        ser = self.get_serializer(data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
        else:
            return Response(ser.errors)
# 4：修改一条数据
class ChangeOne:
    def put(self, request, pk):
        book = self.get_object()
        ser = self.get_serializer(instance=book, data=request.data)
        if ser.is_valid():
            ser.save()
            return Response(ser.data)
        else:
            return Response({'code': 100, 'msg': '修改成功'})
# 5：删除一条数据
class DeleteOne:
    def delete(self, request, pk):
        self.get_queryset().filter(pk=pk).delete()
        return Response('ok')

# 6：查看所有+增加一条
class GetAllandPost(CheckAll, AddOne):
    def __init__(self):
        super(CheckAll, self).__init__()
        super(AddOne, self).__init__()

# 7：查看一条+修改一条
class GetOneandPut(CheckOne, ChangeOne):
    def __init__(self):
        super(CheckOne, self).__init__()
        super(ChangeOne, self).__init__()

# 8：查看一条+删除一条
class GetOneandDelete(CheckOne, DeleteOne):
    def __init__(self):
        super(CheckOne, self).__init__()
        super(DeleteOne, self).__init__()
# 9：删除一条+修改一条
class DeleteandPut(DeleteOne, ChangeOne):
    def __init__(self):
        super(DeleteOne, self).__init__()
        super(DeleteOne, self).__init__()

# class BookView(GenericAPIView, CheckAll, AddOne):
#     queryset = Book.objects.all()
#     serializer_class = BookSerializer
#     def __init__(self):
#         super(CheckAll, self).__init__()
#         super(AddOne, self).__init__()


# class BookDetailView(GenericAPIView, CheckOne, ChangeOne, DeleteOne):
#     queryset = Book.objects.all()
#     serializer_class = BookSerializer
#     def __init__(self):
#         super(CheckOne, self).__init__()
#         super(ChangeOne, self).__init__()
#         super(DeleteOne, self).__init__()

class BookDetailView(GenericAPIView,GetOneandPut):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    def __init__(self):
        super(CheckOne, self).__init__()
        super(ChangeOne, self).__init__()
        
class BookView(GenericAPIView, GetAllandPost):
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializer
    def __init__(self):
        super(GetAllandPost, self).__init__()
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  • 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/Yydsaoligei/article/details/127112378