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javaweb--jsp
jsp的本质
jsp的本质就是一个Servlet，JSP主要负责和用户交互，将最终的界面呈现给用户，HTML+CSS+JS+Java的混合文件
当服务器接收到一个后缀是jsp的请求时，将给请求交给jsp引擎去处理，每一个jsp页面第一次被访问的时候，jsp引擎会将它翻译成一个servlet文件，由web容器调用servlet去响应下面就是jsp引擎翻译出来的index_jsp.java文件，jsp中的有关页面的元素都会调用write方法写到web容器中，同时jsp比直接使用html文件的好处在于，jsp中还可以写入java，因为最终会被翻译成.java文件
/* * Generated by the Jasper component of Apache Tomcat * Version: Apache Tomcat/9.0.65 * Generated at: 2022-09-14 08:14:35 UTC * Note: The last modified time of this file was set to * the last modified time of the source file after * generation to assist with modification tracking. */ package org.apache.jsp; import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; import javax.servlet.jsp.*; public final class index_jsp extends org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase implements org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceDependent, org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspSourceImports { private static final javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory _jspxFactory = javax.servlet.jsp.JspFactory.getDefaultFactory(); private static java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> _jspx_dependants; private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_packages; private static final java.util.Set<java.lang.String> _jspx_imports_classes; static { _jspx_imports_packages = new java.util.HashSet<>(); _jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet"); _jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.http"); _jspx_imports_packages.add("javax.servlet.jsp"); _jspx_imports_classes = null; } private volatile javax.el.ExpressionFactory _el_expressionfactory; private volatile org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_instancemanager; public java.util.Map<java.lang.String,java.lang.Long> getDependants() { return _jspx_dependants; } public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getPackageImports() { return _jspx_imports_packages; } public java.util.Set<java.lang.String> getClassImports() { return _jspx_imports_classes; } public javax.el.ExpressionFactory _jsp_getExpressionFactory() { if (_el_expressionfactory == null) { synchronized (this) { if (_el_expressionfactory == null) { _el_expressionfactory = _jspxFactory.getJspApplicationContext(getServletConfig().getServletContext()).getExpressionFactory(); } } } return _el_expressionfactory; } public org.apache.tomcat.InstanceManager _jsp_getInstanceManager() { if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) { synchronized (this) { if (_jsp_instancemanager == null) { _jsp_instancemanager = org.apache.jasper.runtime.InstanceManagerFactory.getInstanceManager(getServletConfig()); } } } return _jsp_instancemanager; } public void _jspInit() { } public void _jspDestroy() { } public void _jspService(final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response) throws java.io.IOException, javax.servlet.ServletException { if (!javax.servlet.DispatcherType.ERROR.equals(request.getDispatcherType())) { final java.lang.String _jspx_method = request.getMethod(); if ("OPTIONS".equals(_jspx_method)) { response.setHeader("Allow","GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS"); return; } if (!"GET".equals(_jspx_method) && !"POST".equals(_jspx_method) && !"HEAD".equals(_jspx_method)) { response.setHeader("Allow","GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS"); response.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED, "JSP 只允许 GET、POST 或 HEAD。Jasper 还允许 OPTIONS"); return; } } final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext; final javax.servlet.ServletContext application; final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config; javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null; final java.lang.Object page = this; javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out = null; javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context = null; try { response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8"); pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response, null, false, 8192, true); _jspx_page_context = pageContext; application = pageContext.getServletContext(); config = pageContext.getServletConfig(); out = pageContext.getOut(); _jspx_out = out; out.write('\n'); out.write('\n'); java.text.SimpleDateFormat sdf = new java.text.SimpleDateFormat("yyyy"); request.setAttribute("year", sdf.format(new java.util.Date())); request.setAttribute("tomcatUrl", "https://tomcat.apache.org/"); request.setAttribute("tomcatDocUrl", "/docs/"); request.setAttribute("tomcatExamplesUrl", "/examples/"); out.write("\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write(" \n"); out.write(" \n"); out.write(""</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>request<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getServletContext</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">getServerInfo</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">;</span> out<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token function">write</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">" \n"); out.write(" \n"); out.write(" \n"); out.write(" \n"); out.write("\n"); out.write(" \n"); out.write("\n"); out.write(" \n"); out.write("\n"); out.write(" \n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("\n"); } catch (java.lang.Throwable t) { if (!(t instanceof javax.servlet.jsp.SkipPageException)){ out = _jspx_out; if (out != null && out.getBufferSize() != 0) try { if (response.isCommitted()) { out.flush(); } else { out.clearBuffer(); } } catch (java.io.IOException e) {} if (_jspx_page_context != null) _jspx_page_context.handlePageException(t); else throw new ServletException(t); } } finally { _jspxFactory.releasePageContext(_jspx_page_context); } } }\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write(""
); out.write((java.lang.String) org.apache.jasper.runtime.PageContextImpl.proprietaryEvaluate("${pageContext.servletContext.serverInfo}", java.lang.String.class, (javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext)_jspx_page_context, null)); out.write("\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("If you're seeing this, you've successfully installed Tomcat. Congratulations!
\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("![\"[tomcat](\"tomcat.svg\")
\n");
out.write(" \n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("Recommended Reading:
\n"); out.write("); out.write((java.lang.String) org.apache.jasper.runtime.PageContextImpl.proprietaryEvaluate("${tomcatDocUrl}", java.lang.String.class, (javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext)_jspx_page_context, null)); out.write("security-howto.html\">Security Considerations How-To
\n"); out.write("); out.write((java.lang.String) org.apache.jasper.runtime.PageContextImpl.proprietaryEvaluate("${tomcatDocUrl}", java.lang.String.class, (javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext)_jspx_page_context, null)); out.write("manager-howto.html\">Manager Application How-To
\n"); out.write("); out.write((java.lang.String) org.apache.jasper.runtime.PageContextImpl.proprietaryEvaluate("${tomcatDocUrl}", java.lang.String.class, (javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext)_jspx_page_context, null)); out.write("cluster-howto.html\">Clustering/Session Replication How-To
\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write(" \n"); out.write(" \n"); out.write(" \n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("
\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("Developer Quick Start
\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write(" \n"); out.write(" \n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write(" \n"); out.write(" \n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write(" \n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write(" \n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("
\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write(" \n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("Managing Tomcat
\n"); out.write("For security, access to the manager webapp is restricted.\n"
); out.write(" Users are defined in:\n"); out.write("$CATALINA_HOME/conf/tomcat-users.xml
\n"); out.write("In Tomcat 9.0 access to the manager application is split between\n"
); out.write(" different users. ); out.write((java.lang.String) org.apache.jasper.runtime.PageContextImpl.proprietaryEvaluate("${tomcatDocUrl}", java.lang.String.class, (javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext)_jspx_page_context, null)); out.write("manager-howto.html\">Read more...\n"); out.write("
\n"); out.write("); out.write((java.lang.String) org.apache.jasper.runtime.PageContextImpl.proprietaryEvaluate("${tomcatDocUrl}", java.lang.String.class, (javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext)_jspx_page_context, null)); out.write("RELEASE-NOTES.txt\">Release Notes
\n"); out.write("); out.write((java.lang.String) org.apache.jasper.runtime.PageContextImpl.proprietaryEvaluate("${tomcatDocUrl}", java.lang.String.class, (javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext)_jspx_page_context, null)); out.write("changelog.html\">Changelog
\n"); out.write("); out.write((java.lang.String) org.apache.jasper.runtime.PageContextImpl.proprietaryEvaluate("${tomcatUrl}", java.lang.String.class, (javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext)_jspx_page_context, null)); out.write("migration.html\">Migration Guide
\n"); out.write("); out.write((java.lang.String) org.apache.jasper.runtime.PageContextImpl.proprietaryEvaluate("${tomcatUrl}", java.lang.String.class, (javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext)_jspx_page_context, null)); out.write("security.html\">Security Notices
\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("Documentation
\n"); out.write("); out.write((java.lang.String) org.apache.jasper.runtime.PageContextImpl.proprietaryEvaluate("${tomcatDocUrl}", java.lang.String.class, (javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext)_jspx_page_context, null)); out.write("\">Tomcat 9.0 Documentation
\n"); out.write("); out.write((java.lang.String) org.apache.jasper.runtime.PageContextImpl.proprietaryEvaluate("${tomcatDocUrl}", java.lang.String.class, (javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext)_jspx_page_context, null)); out.write("config/\">Tomcat 9.0 Configuration
\n"); out.write("Tomcat Wiki
\n"); out.write("Find additional important configuration information in:
\n"); out.write("$CATALINA_HOME/RUNNING.txt
\n"); out.write("Developers may be interested in:
\n"); out.write("- \n"
- Tomcat 9.0 Bug Database
\n"); out.write("- ); out.write((java.lang.String) org.apache.jasper.runtime.PageContextImpl.proprietaryEvaluate("${tomcatDocUrl}", java.lang.String.class, (javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext)_jspx_page_context, null)); out.write("api/index.html\">Tomcat 9.0 JavaDocs
\n"); out.write("- Tomcat 9.0 Git Repository at GitHub
\n"); out.write(" \n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("\n"); out.write("Getting Help
\n"); out.write("); out.write((java.lang.String) org.apache.jasper.runtime.PageContextImpl.proprietaryEvaluate("${tomcatUrl}", java.lang.String.class, (javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext)_jspx_page_context, null)); out.write("faq/\">FAQ and ); out.write((java.lang.String) org.apache.jasper.runtime.PageContextImpl.proprietaryEvaluate("${tomcatUrl}", java.lang.String.class, (javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext)_jspx_page_context, null)); out.write("lists.html\">Mailing Lists
\n"); out.write("The following mailing lists are available:
\n"); out.write("- \n"
- ); out.write((java.lang.String) org.apache.jasper.runtime.PageContextImpl.proprietaryEvaluate("${tomcatUrl}", java.lang.String.class, (javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext)_jspx_page_context, null)); out.write("lists.html#tomcat-announce\">tomcat-announce
); out.write(" Important announcements, releases, security vulnerability notifications. (Low volume).\n"); out.write(" \n"); out.write("
\n"- ); out.write((java.lang.String) org.apache.jasper.runtime.PageContextImpl.proprietaryEvaluate("${tomcatUrl}", java.lang.String.class, (javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext)_jspx_page_context, null)); out.write("lists.html#tomcat-users\">tomcat-users
); out.write(" User support and discussion\n"); out.write(" \n"); out.write("
\n"- ); out.write((java.lang.String) org.apache.jasper.runtime.PageContextImpl.proprietaryEvaluate("${tomcatUrl}", java.lang.String.class, (javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext)_jspx_page_context, null)); out.write("lists.html#taglibs-user\">taglibs-user
); out.write(" User support and discussion for ); out.write((java.lang.String) org.apache.jasper.runtime.PageContextImpl.proprietaryEvaluate("${tomcatUrl}", java.lang.String.class, (javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext)_jspx_page_context, null)); out.write("taglibs/\">Apache Taglibs\n"); out.write(" \n"); out.write("
\n"- ); out.write((java.lang.String) org.apache.jasper.runtime.PageContextImpl.proprietaryEvaluate("${tomcatUrl}", java.lang.String.class, (javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext)_jspx_page_context, null)); out.write("lists.html#tomcat-dev\">tomcat-dev
); out.write(" Development mailing list, including commit messages\n"); out.write(" \n"); out.write(" \n"); out.write("
\n"
\n"); out.write("Copyright ©1999-"
); out.write((java.lang.String) org.apache.jasper.runtime.PageContextImpl.proprietaryEvaluate("${year}", java.lang.String.class, (javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext)_jspx_page_context, null)); out.write(" Apache Software Foundation. All Rights Reserved\n"); out.write("- 1
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jsp中嵌入java的三种方式
方式一：jsp脚本，执行java逻辑代码
<% String s = "hello"; System.out.println(s); %>- 1
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方式二：jsp声明，定义java方法
<%! public void test() { System.out.println("hello world"); } %> <% test(); %>- 1
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方式三：jsp表达式，把java对象直接输出到html页面
<%=s.getClass() %>- 1
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案例：
<%@ page import="java.util.ArrayList" %> <%@ page import="com.entity.User" %> <%@ page contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8" %> <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>JSP - Hello World</title> </head> <body> <% ArrayList<User> users = new ArrayList<>(); users.add(new User("张三", 18)); users.add(new User("李四", 28)); users.add(new User("王五", 17)); users.add(new User("赵六", 43)); %> <table> <tr> <th>姓名</th> <th>年龄</th> </tr> <% for (int i = 0; i < users.size(); i++) { %> <tr> <td> <%=users.get(i).getName()%> </td> <td> <%=users.get(i).getAge()%> </td> </tr> <% } %> </table> </body> </html>- 1
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JSP内置对象9个
request：表示一次请求，HttpServletRequest
response：表示一次响应，HttpServletResponse
pageContext：页面上下文，获取页面信息，PageContext
session：表示一次会话，保存用户信息，HttpSession
application：表示当前web应用，全局对象，保存所有用户共享信息，ServletContext
config：当前JSP对应的Servlet的ServletConfig对象，获取当前Servlet信息
out：向浏览器输出数据，JSPWriter
page：当前JSP对应的Servlet对象，Servlet
exception：表示JSP页面发生的异常，Exception常用的是：request、response、session、application、pageContext
request 常用方法：
- String getParameter(String key) 获取客户端传来的参数
- void setAttribute(String key,Object value) 通过键值对的形式保存数据，服务器内部
- Object getAttribute(String key) 通过key取出value，服务器内部
- RequestDispatcher getRequestDispatcher(String path)返回一个RequestDispatcher对象，该对象的forward方法用于请求转发（转发后停在最终页面）
- String[] getParameterValues()获取客户端传来的多个同名参数
- void setCharacterEncoding(String charset)指定每个请求的编码
HTTP请求状态码
200：正常
404：找不到资源
400：请求类型不匹配
500：java程序抛出的异常response常用方法
1、 sendRedirect(String path)重定向
转发getRequestDispatcher和重定向sendRedirect的区别：- 转发是将同一个请求传给下个页面。重定向是创建一个新的请求传给下个页面，之前的请求结束生命周期
- 转发是同一个请求在服务器之间传递，地址栏不变，也叫服务器跳转。重定向是由客户端发送一次新的请求来访问跳转后的目标资源，地址栏改变，也叫客户端跳转
- 如果两个页面之间需要使用request进行传值，则必须使用重定向
案例：用户登录
用户登录，如果用户名密码正确，则跳转首页（转发），并展示用户名，否则重新回到登录页面（重定向）
login.jsp
<%-- Created by IntelliJ IDEA. User: bijing Date: 2022/9/16 Time: 20:01 To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates. --%> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Login</title> </head> <body> <div> <form action="/check.jsp" method="post"> <table> <tr> <td> 用户名:</td> <td> <input type="text" name="userName"> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>密码:</td> <td> <input type="password" name="psd"> </td> </tr> </table> <input type="submit" value="登录"> </form> </div> </body> </html>- 1
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check.jsp
<%-- Created by IntelliJ IDEA. User: bijing Date: 2022/9/16 Time: 20:34 To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates. --%> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>check</title> </head> <body> <% request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); String userName = request.getParameter("userName"); String psd = request.getParameter("psd"); if (userName != null && psd != null) { System.out.println(userName + "_" + psd); if (userName.equals("张三") && psd.equals("12345")) { request.setAttribute("userName", userName); request.setAttribute("psd", psd); request.getRequestDispatcher("success.jsp").forward(request, response); } else { response.sendRedirect("login.jsp"); } } %> </body> </html>- 1
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success.jsp
<%-- Created by IntelliJ IDEA. User: bijing Date: 2022/9/16 Time: 20:11 To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates. --%> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Success</title> </head> <body> <% String userName = (String) request.getAttribute("userName"); String psd = (String) request.getParameter("psd"); %> <h1>用户名:<%=userName%> </h1> <h1>密码:<%=psd%> </h1> </body> </html>- 1
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- 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43903745/article/details/126890759
