目录
1. Individuals and Motivation 个人与动机
2. Organisational Theory & Motivation 组织理论与激励
2.2 Hertzberg Two Factor Theory
3. Project Management & Leadership 项目管理和领导力
5. Teams forming and performing 团队组建和表现
5.1 Tuckman’s Team Development Model 塔克曼团队发展模型
5.2 Personality Style Surveys 性格风格调查
6.1 Controlled Centralised 集中控制
那么,为什么这对项目管理很重要呢?

在敏捷的世界里,个人和动机更加关键!
Scrum Master代表了一种被称为仆人式领导的模式。他们管理团队不是告诉他们要做什么,而是消除阻碍他们的障碍,并指导他们的最佳实践。

Motivation can inspire, encourage, and stimulate individuals and project teams to achieve great accomplishments. Motivation can also create an environment that fosters teamwork and collective initiatives to reach common goals or objectives. 动机可以激励、鼓励和激励个人和项目团队取得巨大成就。 动机还可以创造一个促进团队合作和集体倡议以实现共同目标或目标的环境。

Organisational theory consists of approaches to organisational analysis. Organisations are groups of individuals that are structured and managed to meet a need, or to pursue collective goals. 组织理论由组织分析的方法组成。组织是由个人组成的团体,其结构和管理是为了满足某种需要,或为了追求集体目标。
一些常用的方法:



Manager
- 计划和预算
- 组织和分配资源
- 控制和解决问题
Leader
- 指引方向
- 校准和影响
- 激励和鼓舞
项目管理与领导 - 激励和打击团队的积极性!
- 管理是为了实现目标而使用资源和作出决定的过程 Management is the process where resources are used and decisions made in order to achieve the goal
- 管理者设定目标并决定如何实现它们 Managers set objectives and decide how to achieve them
- 领导是影响和指导人们实现共同目标的能力 Leadership is the ability to influence and direct people to achieve a common goal
- 领导者鼓舞和激励人们去实现目标。Leaders inspire and motivate people to meet goals

避免假设,例如:

Teamwork in the workplace is an critical factor for project success. As a result, developing an effective project team is one of the primary responsibilities of a project manager. Teamwork creates human synergy. 工作场所的团队合作是项目成功的一个关键因素。因此,发展一个有效的项目团队是项目经理的主要责任之一。团队合作创造了人类的协同效应。
个人是具有独特技能的人。 An individual is a person with a unique set of skills
Group 团体
团体是指在一起工作的人的集合,他们不一定是为了同一个目标而共同工作。A Group is a collection of people working together who do not necessarily work collectively toward the same goal
Team 团队
一个团队是两个或更多的人有意识地一起工作,以实现一个共同的目标。A Team is two or more individuals consciously working together to achieve a common objective
Group -> Team
当成员表现出对彼此和对他们工作的最终目标的承诺时,一个小组就成为一个团队。A Group becomes a Team when members demonstrate a commitment to each other and to the end goal toward which they are working



Forming 阶段
刚开始大家都彼此不熟悉,大家都只依赖于 leader,而且通信的方式非常正式,甚至通过邮件通讯,因此效率会降低
Storming 阶段
大家开始交流,但是还是没有形成彼此的信任度,还是比较依赖 leader 的支持和领导
Norming 阶段
大家开始建立深度的联系,并且形成了互助的关系,leader 开始放权
Performing 阶段
大家不在拘泥于等级,交流更加自由,leader 委派和监督即可
Adjourning 阶段
承认大家的贡献, leader 负责给大家指导和承认大家的贡献
积极的迹象
- 清晰的沟通 Clear communication
- 定期与所有参与的成员进行头脑风暴 Regular brainstorming with all members participating
- 团队成员之间达成共识 Consensus among team members
- 团队解决问题 Problem solving done by the group
- 对项目结果和其他团队成员的承诺 Commitment to the project outcomes and the other team members
- 定期的团队会议是有效的和包容的 Regular team meetings are effective and inclusive
- 及时将团队成员的职责移交给其他人,或在没有发生的情况下尽早提出建议 Timely hand off from team members to others or early advise if this won’t happen
- 积极的、支持的工作关系 Positive, supportive working relationships
不太积极的迹象
- 缺乏沟通 Lack of communication
- 没有明确的角色和责任 No clear roles and responsibilities
- 工作被“抛到一边”,缺乏对时间安排和工作质量的关注 Work is “thrown over the wall”, with lack of concern for timelines or work quality
- 团队成员单独工作,很少分享信息和提供帮助 Team members work alone, rarely sharing information and offering assistance
- 把错误归咎于别人,没有人愿意承担责任 Blame for what goes wrong, no one accepts responsibility
- 缺乏对他人的支持 Lack of support for others
- 经常缺席,影响时间,给他人带来额外的工作 Frequently absent impacting time and creating additional work for others
在这里提到这一点,是为了让你至少知道这些调查的存在,因为你可能在某个阶段遇到这些调查。
这些调查的准确程度值得怀疑,因为它们能将一个人与领导风格相联系。
- 有有限的研究证据支持它们如期发挥作用。
例子:


优势
- 提供更大的创意池--创造性的、集中式的解决问题 Provides a larger pool of ideas – creative & collective problem solving
- 互动增强了整个团队的知识 Interaction enhances the knowledge of the whole team
- 每个人一起工作可以提高绩效,激励和产出 Individuals working together can stimulate performance, motivation and output
- 在一个人离开时保持任务的连续性 Provides continuity across the tasks if people leave
- 增加了对整体结果的所有权。不仅仅是单个的组成部分 Increased ownership of the overall outcome & not just the individual component
缺点
- 有效管理需要时间、努力和卓越的技能 Increased ownership of the overall outcome & not just the individual component
- 有些人会觉得这很难,可能会变得黯然失色/不堪重负 Some individuals find it difficult and may become overshadowed / overwhelmed
- 不平等的参与——有些人可能无法尽到自己的责任 Unequal involvement - Some people may not pull their weight
- 一个人可以使整个团队士气低落 One person can demoralise the whole team
- 懒散的工作 Social loafing
- 群体思维 Group think