快速上手Linux核心命令（十）：Linux安装软件

前言

这期呢主要说一说Linux中包软件管理相关命令，这一期的命令虽然只有两个。但 软件包的安装和卸载都是我们平常最常用的，需要熟练掌握。

rpm和yum 是CentOS 主要的包软件管理。

两个命令各有用处，①yum需要互联网，yum会去网上的yum源获取所需的软件包

② rpm 操作相对复杂，需要我们做得更多

rpm rpm包管理器

1、简介

rpm 命令包含了安装、卸载、升级、查询和验证5个基本功能

2、语法格式

rpm [参数选项]
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3、参数选项

4、 实践操作

我们下载一个rpm包telnet-server-0.17-66.el7.x86_64.rpm作为后续实践操作文件

[root@xiezhr test]# wget https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/updates/x86_64/Packages/telnet-server-0.17-66.el7.x86_64.rpm
--2022-08-02 22:47:29--  https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7.9.2009/updates/x86_64/Packages/telnet-server-0.17-66.el7.x86_64.rpm
Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 101.226.26.240, 101.226.26.241, 101.226.26.242, ...
Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)|101.226.26.240|:443... connected.
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
Length: 42148 (41K) [application/octet-stream]
Saving to: ‘telnet-server-0.17-66.el7.x86_64.rpm’

100%[========================================================================================================================================================================>] 42,148      --.-K/s   in 0.01s   

2022-08-02 22:47:29 (3.70 MB/s) - ‘telnet-server-0.17-66.el7.x86_64.rpm’ saved [42148/42148]
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① 查看rpm包信息

[root@xiezhr test]# rpm -qpi telnet-server-0.17-66.el7.x86_64.rpm
Name        : telnet-server
Epoch       : 1
Version     : 0.17
Release     : 66.el7
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: (not installed)
Group       : System Environment/Daemons
Size        : 56361
License     : BSD
Signature   : RSA/SHA256, Wed 18 Nov 2020 10:20:43 PM CST, Key ID 24c6a8a7f4a80eb5
Source RPM  : telnet-0.17-66.el7.src.rpm
Build Date  : Tue 17 Nov 2020 12:44:28 AM CST
Build Host  : x86-01.bsys.centos.org
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Packager    : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org>
Vendor      : CentOS
URL         : http://web.archive.org/web/20070819111735/www.hcs.harvard.edu/~dholland/computers/old-netkit.html
Summary     : The server program for the Telnet remote login protocol
Description :
Telnet is a popular protocol for logging into remote systems over the
Internet. The package includes a daemon that supports Telnet remote
logins into the host machine. The daemon is disabled by default.
You may enable the daemon by editing /etc/xinetd.d/telnet
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② 查看rpm包内容

[root@xiezhr test]# rpm -qpl telnet-server-0.17-66.el7.x86_64.rpm
/usr/lib/systemd/system/telnet.socket
/usr/lib/systemd/system/telnet@.service
/usr/sbin/in.telnetd
/usr/share/man/man5/issue.net.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/in.telnetd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/telnetd.8.gz
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③ 查看rpm包的依赖环境

[root@xiezhr test]# rpm -qpR telnet-server-0.17-66.el7.x86_64.rpm 
/bin/sh
/bin/sh
/bin/sh
libc.so.6()(64bit)
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.14)(64bit)
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.15)(64bit)
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.16)(64bit)
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.2.5)(64bit)
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.3)(64bit)
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.3.4)(64bit)
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.4)(64bit)
libc.so.6(GLIBC_2.8)(64bit)
libutil.so.1()(64bit)
libutil.so.1(GLIBC_2.2.5)(64bit)
rpmlib(CompressedFileNames) <= 3.0.4-1
rpmlib(FileDigests) <= 4.6.0-1
rpmlib(PayloadFilesHavePrefix) <= 4.0-1
rtld(GNU_HASH)
systemd
systemd
systemd
systemd
rpmlib(PayloadIsXz) <= 5.2-1
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④ 安装rpm 包(参数h 以“#”显示进度条)

[root@xiezhr test]# rpm -ivh telnet-server-0.17-66.el7.x86_64.rpm
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Updating / installing...
   1:telnet-server-1:0.17-66.el7      ################################# [100%]
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⑤ 查询是否安装指定的rpm包

[root@xiezhr test]# rpm -qa telnet-server
telnet-server-0.17-66.el7.x86_64
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⑥ 卸载rpm 包

# 卸载刚才安装的telnet-server 
[root@xiezhr test]# rpm -e telnet-server 
# 再次查看rpm包，已经没有了，说明卸载成功了
[root@xiezhr test]# rpm -qa telnet-server
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yum 自动化RPM包管理工具

1、简介

yum 命令主要用于自动安装升级rpm软件包，需要连接互联网

2、语法格式

yum [参数选项] [指令] [软件包]
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3、常用参数

4、常用指令

5、实践操作

① 安装httpd包

[root@xiezhr ~]# yum install httpd
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
epel                         | 4.7 kB  00:00:00     
extras                       | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
nodesource                   | 2.5 kB  00:00:00     
os                           | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     
updates                      | 2.9 kB  00:00:00     
(1/4): epel/7/x86_64/group_gz          |  97 kB  00:00:00     
(2/4): epel/7/x86_64/updateinfo        | 1.1 MB  00:00:00     
(3/4): epel/7/x86_64/primary_db        | 7.0 MB  00:00:01     
(4/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db  
...
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② 查看yum源中是否是否有此软件

[root@xiezhr ~]# yum list telnet-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Available Packages
telnet-server.x86_64                   1:0.17-66.el7                    updates
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③ 清空yum 缓存

[root@xiezhr ~]# yum    clean all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Cleaning repos: epel extras nodesource os updates
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这期内容就到这，下期根据思维导图就到Linux用户相关命令的使用了。

涉及到的命令有： useradd、usermod、userdel、groupadd、groupdel、su、passwd等等

敬请期待哦(●’◡’●)

专栏目录：快速上手Linux核心命令专栏目录

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