关系代词 - 使用

1> 关系代词 定义

关系代词 = 连词 + 代词；

• 关系：让2个动词和2个主语产生关系；
  SV + SV；

That is the man. The man gave me the book.
That is the man 【and】【he】 gave me the book.
That is the man 【who】 gave me the book.
那位就是给我这本书的人。

• who = and + he;
• 关系代词 = 连词 + 代词；
• the man ： 【先行词】；

who gave me the book 修饰the man，是定语;

• who 是主语， gave 是动词， who gave me the book 是个句子；
• 所以整句是，【定语从句】；

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2> 关系代词分类

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3> 主格关系代词（who，which，that）

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3.1> who / that

That is the teacher 【who / that】 teaches us English.
那位就是教我们英文的老师。

• 左顾右盼法：先找动词；
  先行词：the teacher，
  定语从句缺主语；
  所以用，【who / that】;

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3.2> which / that

The dog 【whic / that】 is lying on the floor is lucky.
躺在地板上的那只狗是lucky.

• 先行词，dog， 非人；
• 定语从句缺主语，所以用【which / that】
• 主语是：The dog is lucky；主语定语从句的位置；

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3.3> who / that

I like the boy.
The boy is playing basketball.

I like the boy who is playing basketball.
I like the boy that is playing basketball.
我喜欢那个正在打篮球的男生。

• Step 1> 找出两句相同出，找先行词；
• Step 2> 去掉重复处，改为关代；
• Step 3> 合并顺序，先行词+关代；

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3.4> which / that

The towel is hers.
The towel is on the table.

The Towel which is on the table is hers.
The towel that is on the table is hers.
在桌子上的那条毛巾是她的。

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3.5> who / that

The man lives upstairs.
The man always goes out at midnight.

The man who always goes out at midnight lives upstairs.
The man that always goes out at midnight lives upstairs.
住在楼上的那个那人老是在半夜外出。

• upstairs, 地点副词，在楼上，不需要介词；

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3.6> 主格关代后的动词单复数

A student is a person who studies at school.
Students are persons who study at school.
学生就是在学校学习的人。

He is the only one of the students that has finished his studies without any support from his family.
他是唯一 一个 没有家人 支持而完成学业的学生。

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3.7> 疑问代词who / 关系代词who

I know who can swim fast. // 疑问代词
我知道谁游的最快。

I know a boy who can swim fast. // 关系代词
我认识一个游泳很快的男孩。

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4> 所以格关系代词 whose

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4.1> whose mother is singer

He has a friend whose mother is singer.
他有一个妈妈是歌手的朋友。

• mother 名词前＋限定词 whose；

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4.2> whose subject is basketball

I’m looking for a book whose subject is basketball.
我正在找一本主题是篮球的书。

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4.3> whose eyes are big

The boy is Curry.
The girl’s eyes are big.

The boy whose eyes are big is Curry.
那个眼睛很大的男孩是Curry。

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4.4> whose tail is short

The dog is called Lucky.
The dog’s tail is short.

The dog whose tail is short is called lucy.
那只短尾巴的狗叫Lucy。

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5> 宾格关系代词（可省略） - whom/whom，which，that

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5.1> the girl

She is the girl who I met (缺宾) at the party.
She is the girl whom I met at the party.
She is the girl that I met at the party.
She is the girl I met at the party.
她是我在派对上遇见的女孩。

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5.2> a book

I’m reading a book which I borrowed from the library.
I’m reading a book that I borrowed from the library.
I’m reading a book I borrowed from the library.
我正在阅读从图书馆借来的书。

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5.3> whom I called last night

The man is my teacher.
I called him last night.

The man whom I called last night is my teacher.
The man I called last night is my teacher.
我昨天打电话给他的那位男士是我的老师。

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5.4> which we’ll hold a party in

This is the house.
We’ll hold a party in the house.

This is the house which we’ll hold a party in.
这是我们将要举办派对的房子。

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5.5> which I was born in

October is the moth.
I was born in the month.

October is the moth which I was born in.
十月是我出生的月份。

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5.6> 关系代词that / 连词 that

I heard the news that Curry told （缺宾语）to you.
我听说了 Curry告诉你的消息了。

• 双宾动词（授予动词） tell

• tell sb sth
  tell sth to sb；

• 关代后+不完整句（缺主，或缺宾）

I heard the news that Curry passed the entrance exam.
我听说了Curry 通过入学考试的消息。

• that + 完整句， 这的that 是连词；
• n + that + 完整句： 代表n的内容；