多选题 (是否多选,以题末的括号备注为准,未备注[多选]则为单选)(每题1分,共180道题)
1、 [多选] 收到新项目的客户请求之后,项目经理首先应该做什么?
What should a project manager do first after receiving a customer request for a new project?
A :寻求项目发起人批准。 Seek project sponsor approval.
B : 准备商业论证。 Prepare the business case.
C :组织项目启动大会 。Organize a kick-off meeting.
D :获得专家判断。 Obtain expert judgment.
正确答案:B 你的答案:B
解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P77 章节:4.1.1.1 商业论证:经批准的商业论证或类似文件是最常用于制定项目章程的商业文件。商业论证从商业视角描述必要的信息,并且据此决定项目的期望结果是否值得所需投资。 商业论证包括:商业需求、成本效益分析。
2、 [多选] 在遭受含糊不清和变更的各种因素影响的环境中。敏捷项目经理应该做什么来跟踪工件?(选择两项)
In an environment subject to various elements of ambiguity and change. what should an agile project manager do to keep track of artifacts? (Choose two)
A : 以透明方式频繁且快速地更新工件。 Update the artifacts frequently and quickly in a transparent fashion.
B :定义要在项目管理计划中使用的技术。 Define which technology to use in the project management plan.
C :定义要在沟通管理计划中使用的技术。 Define which technology to use in the communications management plan.
D :使用先前项目中的历史信息作为模板。 Use historical information from previous projects as a template.
E : 增加对社交沟通工具的使用。 Increase the use of social Social communication tools tools.
正确答案:A,E 你的答案:A,E
解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P364-P365 章节:1.4.4 沟通管理的发展趋势和新兴实践:社交工具的使用日益增多在敏捷或适应环境中需要考虑的因素频繁和快速的沟通,以透明的方式发布项目工件 使用沟通技术、透明化的沟通方式是在敏捷中建议的方式。
3、 [多选] 一位之前未被识别到的相关方报告说,他们的职能领域受到很大影响,但没有持续通知他们关键项目的状态,项目经理首先应该做什么?
A stakeholder who failed to identify the issue previously reports that their functional areas are greatly affected, but does not keep them informed of the status of key projects. What should the project manager do in the first place?
A :审查项目的沟通方法 To examine the means of communication regarding this project
B : 检查并更新相关方登记册 To check and update the register of stakeholders
C :立即和该相关方开会确认 To immediately hold a meeting with such stakeholder for confirmation
D :审查并更新沟通管理计划 To examine and update the communication management plan
正确答案:B 你的答案:B
解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P505 章节:13 识别相关方的迭代性:项目进入其生命周期的不同阶段;当前相关方不再与项目工作有关,或者在项目的相关方社区中出现了新的相关方成员;组织内部或更大区域的相关方社区发生重大变化。 出现以上三点情况时要重新识别相关方,并更新相关方登记册
4、 [多选] 项目负责人反复抱怨,称开发团队开发的功能似乎与原始设计不一致。什么做法有助于解决这个问题?
A project owner repeatedly complains, saying that a function developed by the development team does not seem to align with the original design. What will help to solve this issue?
A :让产品负责人参加下一次迭代审查会议,以了解产品的开发状态。 Ask the product owner to sit in on the next iteration review meeting to learn more about the development status for the product.
B :要求质量保证团队识别与初始设计相比较的任何功能不匹配。 Ask the quality assurance team to identify any mismatches in functionality compared to the initial design.
C :要求开发团队重写功能,使其与项目范围相匹配。 Ask the development team to rewrite the function so that it matches with the project scope.
D : 在下一次回顾会议中安排时间讨论所有的纠正措施,并要求项目负责人参加会议。 Schedule time during the next retrospective session to discuss all corrective actions and ask the project owner to participate in the session.
正确答案:D 你的答案:D
解析:知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:P50 章节:5.2.1 回顾总结会:回顾是最重要的一个实践,原因是它能让团队学习、改进和调整其过程。 回顾会用于识别改进。A,PO本来就全程参与B,功能问题非质量问题C,需要与整个团队确认
5、 [多选] 一个团队决定敏捷方法是否适合他们项目下一阶段的需求。不利的是,有些团队成员没有接受过适当的敏捷培训。项目经理应该如何应对敏捷培训的缺乏?
A team decides that an agile approach fits the needs of the next phase in their project. Unfortunately, there are team members who have not had the appropriate agile training. How should the project manager respond to the lack of agile training?
A :在变更请求中包含对这些团队成员的敏捷培训。 Include agile training for these team members in a change request.
B :确保项目应急储备可以覆盖所有团队成员的敏捷培训 Ensure the projects contingency reserve can cover agile training for all team members.
C :为关键团队成员创建虚拟培训课程,涵盖主要敏捷课题。 Create virtual training sessions for key team members, covering the main agile topics.
D : 为团队成员确定并实施最具成本效益的敏捷培训 Identify and implement the most cost-effective agile training for the team members.
正确答案:D 你的答案:D
解析:知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:P34 章节:4.2.1 仆人式领导的职责:对相关技能有更多接触、或者接受过相关培训的仆人式领导可以通过提供培训或开展这些活动来为团队提供支持。 AB为预测项目的方法C培训以当面形式更好一些
6、 [多选] 你正在处理一个为某位客户开发产品的项目。你已经决定采用敏捷开发方法论。你注意到,客户并不有意参与项目,因为他们认为,一旦已与你签下订单,你的团队应该在商定的时间和成本内交付产品。在这种情况下,最好的方法是什么?
You are handling a project to develop a product for one of your clients. You have decided on Agile methodology for development. You notice that the client is not very involved in the project because they believe that once the order has been placed with you, your team should deliver the product within the time and cost agreed on. What would be the best approach in this scenario?
A :在项目的开始签署 Take a sign-off at the beginning of the project
B : 与产品负责人合作,并进行冲刺审查 Engage product owner and conduct sprint reviews
C :等待客户提供反馈 Wait for the client to give you feedback
D :基于类似的项目做出决定 Make a decision based on similar projects
正确答案:B 你的答案:B
解析:知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:41 章节:4.3.2 产品负责人Product Owner:创建待办列表并排序、确认工作优先顺序、提供反馈、指导开发方向 在Scrum中,一切对客户的沟通为PO。
7、 [多选] 你被指派领导一个敏捷项目。然而,当你第一次与你的团队见面时,你意识到由于公司强加的各种各样的限制,大多数的团队成员不可能100%致力于项目。你的最佳行动方案是什么?
You have been assigned to lead an agile project. However, when you meet with your team for the first time, you realize that due to various company's imposed constraints, most of the team members would not be able to be 100% dedicated to the project. What is your best course of action?
A :将开发方法从敏捷切换到Scrum Switch the development approach from agile to scrum
B :将迭代时间从两周增加到四周 Increase iteration length from two to four weeks
C :向加班的团队成员提供奖励 Offer rewards to the team members to work overtime
D : 根据个人能力调整任务 Adjust assignments based on individual capacity
正确答案:D
解析:知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:P44 章节:4.3.5 专职小组成员:任务切换时,人员工作效率的损失在 20% 到 40% 之间。随着任务数量的增加,效率损失会呈指数级增长。团队通过使用协作工具来跟踪和监督他们的工作进度,并根据个人的能力来调整工作分配。 敏捷倡导专职,若实在无法专职,则需要根据团队能力自行安排调整任务
8、 [多选] 项目已完成60%,此时一名项目相关方建议增加一个新事项,提高项目效益,为此,需要额外的资金。 项目经理应该怎么做?
The project has been completed 60%.At this point,a project stakeholder suggests adding a new item to improve the project efficiency. Therefore ,additional funds are required. What should the project manager do?
A :包含该新事项 To include this new item
B : 请求变更控制委员会(CCB)的批准 To request for approval of the Change Control Board (CCB)
C :更新成本管理计划,反映额外的资金 To update the cost control plan to reflect additional funds
D :拒绝该请求 To reject the request
正确答案:B 你的答案:B
解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P113 章节:4.6 变更提出后,先分析影响,再提交含解决措施的变更请求给CCB 审批前,三步骤提出变更-分析影响-提交审批
9、 [多选] 在项目执行过程中,指定供应商的仓库发生火灾,导致无法按计划为项目提供所需产品。为了不影响项目顺利执行,项目经理决定从原定备用供应商那里.采购所需产品。项目经理的做法属于?
During the project execution, in case of fire accident in the warehouse of the designated supplier, making it impossible to provide the required products as per the plan. To avoid affecting the smooth execution of the project, the project manager decides to purchase the required products from the original alternative supplier. What kind of his practice belongs to?
A :执行权变措施 Execute contingency action
B :执行弹回计划 Perform resilience plan
C : 执行应急计划 Execute response plan
D :执行风险转移 Perform risk transfer
正确答案:C 你的答案:C
解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P439 章节:11.5 应急计划:要为实施商定的风险应对策略,包括主要策略和备用策略(若必要),制定具体的应对行动。 如果选定的策略并不完全有效,或者发生了已接受的风险,就需要制定应急计划(或弹回计划) 从原定的备用供应商采购,说明有应对措施,属于已知风险的应急计划。
10、 [多选] 你刚刚被分配到一个处于实施阶段中期的项目任项目经理,你正在确定你将如何控制这个项目,控制这个项目的最佳方法是:
You have just been assigned as project manager in execution phase and you have to determine how you should control the project,the best way is to:
A : 使用综合的沟通方法 Use a combination of communication methods
B :召开项目进度会议 Hold schedule meetings
C :每周参照甘特图 Refer to Gantt chart weekly
D :定期与管理层开会 Meet with management regularly
正确答案:A
解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P364 章节:10 制定项目相关方沟通策略时,通常应考虑所有可用技术,并从中作出选择;同时也应尊重因文化、实践和个人背景而产生的对沟通语言、媒介、内容和方式的偏好。可以根据需要采用社交媒体和其他先进的电脑技术。多面性方法能够提高与不同年代和文化背景的相关方沟通的效果。 多面性方法能提高与相关方的沟通效果。
11、 [多选] 由于员工缺乏培训和适当的生产控制,生产过程中发现了错误需要返工解决。返工成本为$250,000。其中员工负有责任的成本为
Due to a lack of an employee training and proper production control, defects in a production run caused rework which cost the company $250,000. How much of this cost is directly attributable to the employees on the production line?
A :$75,000 $75,000
B : $37,500 $37,500
C :$212,500 $212,500
D :$145,000 $145,000
正确答案:B 你的答案:B
解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P275 章节:8 项目质量管理的新兴实践:管理者的责任,项目的成功需要项目团队全体成员的参与。管理层在其质量职责内,肩负着为项目提供具有足够能力的资源的相应责任。 质量常识管理层对85%的质量费用负责任
12、 [多选] 客户对交付的产品不满意,称其并不符合他们的期望。项目经理很惊讶,因为敏捷开发团队提前几个迭代交付了产品。项目经理有什么方法可以避免这种结果?
A customer is not satisfied with the delivered product, saying that it was not what they expected. The project manager is surprised, because the agile development team delivered the product several iterations early. What is one way that the project manager could have avoided this result?
A :要求团队对需求的每一个持续的变更签字 Required team sign off for each of the constant changes to the requirements
B :在做出变更之后,为产品测试留出更多资源 Set aside more resources for product testing after changes are made
C : 确保客户意识到演示的价值 Made sure that the customer was aware of the value of demos
D :确保团队充分参与开发项目范围 Ensured that the team fully participated in developing the project scope
正确答案:C 你的答案:C
解析:知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:P57 章节:5.2.8 交付的第一部分是一次演示。团队会收到关于产品的外观和运行方式的反馈。团队成员回顾如何检查和调整有关过程以取得成功。演示或评审是敏捷项目流程的必要组成部分。为团队的交付节奏安排适当的演示。 演示或评审是必要组成部分。演示与反馈要频繁进行
13、 [多选] 为了确定最长的工期路径,项目团队同时考虑了任务的依赖关系和资源制约条件. 项目经理使用的是下列哪一项进度安排方法?
To determine the longest duration path,the project team considers both task dependencies and resource constraints. The project team uses which of the following scheduling methodologies ?
A : 关键链法 Critical chain method
B :关键路径法 Critical path method
C :关键评审技术 Critical evaluation and review technique
D :图形路径法 Graphical path method
正确答案:A 你的答案:A
解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P210 章节:6.5.2.2 关键路径法用于在进度模型中估算项目最短工期,确定逻辑网络路径的进度灵活性大小。关键链法就是考虑了资源约束的关键路径法。
14、 [多选] 你被要求向公司内部与在项目外部的部门提供项目活动和过程的信息。这群人将信息与组织和项目的政策、过程和程序进行比较,并确定所使用的良好和最佳的做法,以及项目活动和过程中的不一致、差距和缺点。该外部团队正在使用什么工具或技术?
You have been requested to provide information on your project’s activities and processes to a unit within your company but external to the project. This group of individuals will compare the information to organizational and project policies, processes and procedures and identify good and best practices being used as well as nonconformity, gaps, and shortcomings within project activities and processes. What tool or technique is being conducted by the external team?
A : 审计 Audits
B :统计抽样 Statistical sampling
C :数据分析 Data analysis
D :解决问题 Problem solving
正确答案:A 你的答案:A
解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P294 章节:8.2.2.5 审计是用于确定项目活动是否遵循了组织和项目的政策、过程与程序的一种结构化且独立的过程。质量审计通常由项目外部的团队开展,如组织内部审计部门、项目管理办公室 (PMO) 或组织外部的审计师。 题干描述地所有内容都是审计做的事情。
15、 [多选] 项目完成后,项目经理发现一些团队成员仍在从事项目活动。若要避免这个问题,项目经理应该先做什么?
After the project is completed, the project manager finds that some team members are still engaged in project activities. To avoid this problem, what should the project manager do first?
A :制定有效的经验教训收集步骤 To develop effective steps of collecting lessons learned
B : 对项目进行收尾 To close the project
C :结束采购 To finish the procurement process
D :制定有效的风险应对策略 To develop an effective risk response strategy
正确答案:B 你的答案:B
解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P127 章节:4.7.3.2 项目交付的产品、服务或成果可转交给另一团队或组织,并由其在整个生命周期中进行运营、维护和支持。本输出所指的正是把项目交付的最终产品、服务或成果(对于阶段收尾,则是所在阶段的中间产品、服务或成果)从一个团队转交到另一个团队。 完成项目,要把项目移交出去。
16、 [多选] 在生产了一些项目可交付成果之后,项目集经理将其中两个项目团队成员转移到优先级更高的项目中,并为你提供替换选项。新的团队成员缺乏担任角色的经验,而你意识到不再可以达到绩效测量基准。你必须采取以下哪些操作?(选择两项)
After some of the project deliverables have been produced, The program manager transfers two of the project team members to a higher priority project & provides you with replacement. The new team members lack the experience to fill in the roles. You realize that performance measurement baseline is no longer attainable. Which of the following actions you will have to take (Choose Two)
A : 提交变更请求以修改项目基准 Submit a Change request to modify project baselines
B : 修订项目团队的分配以适应人员变动 Revise the project team assignments to align with staffing changes
C :更新汲取的经验教训知识库以反映任何新的最佳实践 Update the lessons learned repository to reflect any new best practices
D :调整WBS和WBS词典以反映新的任务 Adjust the WBS and WBS dictionary to reflect new assignments
正确答案:A,B
解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P112 章节:4.5.3.2 变更请求:通过比较实际情况与计划要求,可能需要提出变更请求,来扩大、调整或缩小项目范围与产品范围,或者提高、调整或降低质量要求和进度或成本基准 提交变更,修定基准,和资源管理计划。
17、 [多选] 在项目启动大会期间,人力资源经理沟通说,在提供详细的项目进度计划之前将不会提供资源。若要获得资源,项目经理应该怎么做?
During a project kick-off meeting, the human resource manager communicates that resources will not be provided until a detailed project schedule is available. What should the project manager do to obtain resources?
A : 将该问题上报给项目发起人。 Escalate the issue to the sponsor.
B :提交工作说明书(SOW)。 Present the statement of work (SOW).
C :创建一份详细的活动清单。 Create a detailed activity list.
D :参见责任分配矩阵(RAM)。 Refer to the responsibility assignment matrix (RAM).
正确答案:A 你的答案:A
解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P329 章节:9.3 不能获得项目所需的资源时,可能会影响项目进度、预算、客户满意度、质量和风险;资源或人员能力不足会降低项目成功的概率,最坏的情况可能导致项目取消。 资源经理明显对项目渐进明细的特点不了解,需要发起人介入处理
18、 [多选] 在与项目团队成员的非正式谈话中,项目经理发现某个关键部分的供应商在执行一个已获批准的产品变更时有问题。项目经理接下来应执行下列哪一项?
In informal conversations with project team members, the project manager found that a key part of the vendor was having problems executing an approved product change. Which of the following should the project manager do next?
A :实施对供应商的质量审计 Implement quality audits for suppliers
B :安排一次变更控制会议 Schedule a Change Control meeting
C : 审查供应商的工作绩效 Review suppliers work performance
D :与供应商的高级经理谈话 Talk to the senior manager of the Supplier
正确答案:C 你的答案:C
解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P498 章节:12.3.2.3 绩效审查对照协议,对质量、资源、进度和成本绩效进行测量、比较和分析,以审查合同工作的绩效。其中包括确定工作包提前或落后于进度计划、超出或低于预算,以及是否存在资源或质量问题。 项目经理的采购绩效审查是对供应商的合同绩效进行管理的重要工具。
19、 [多选] 一位新项目经理加入项目每日站会,却发现项目团队花了太多时间讨论如何处理项目中的障碍。因为这些讨论,站会通常会持续两个多小时。应该用什么过程来处理这个问题?
A new Project Manager joins the projects daily standups only to find that the project team spends too much time discussing ways to deal with obstructions in the project. Because of these discussions, standups often last well over two hours. What process should be used to deal with this issue?
A :让团队成员邀请他们的经理参加站会,以便更快地找到解决方案。 Ask team members to invite their managers to standup sessions in order to find solutions more quickly
B :向团队成员解释,长时间的讨论占用项目实际工作的时间 Explain to team members that long discussions take time away from actual work on the project
C :加入新的团队成员,他将负责管理障碍并安排额外的会议来讨论可能的解决方案 Insert a new team member who will manage obstacles and schedule additional meetings to discuss possible solutions
D : 告诉团队成员,他们需要缩短站会时间并改进寻找解决方案的工作 Tell the team members that they are required to shorten the standup meetings and improve on finding solutions
正确答案:D 你的答案:D
解析:知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:P54 章节:5.2.4 为每日站会规定时间盒,不超出 15 分钟。站会是为了发现存在问题,而不是解决它们。将问题添加到停车场区,然后创建另一次会议,它可以在站会之后立即召开,并在会上解决问题。 每日站会不解决问题。
20、 [多选] 在项目评审会上,项目经理发现一个项目团队不能解决的问题。项目经理应该怎么做?
During a project review meeting, the project finds an issue that cannot resolved by the project team. What should the project manager do?
A : 更新问题日志。 Update the problem log.
B :提交变更请求。 Submit a change request.
C :更新相关方管理计划。 Update related party management plan.
D :请求额外的资源。 Request additional resources.
正确答案:A 你的答案:A
解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P96 章节:4.3.3.3 问题日志可以帮助项目经理有效跟进和管理问题,确保它们得到调查和解决。作为本过程的输出,问题日志被首次创建,尽管在项目期间任何时候都可能发生问题。在整个项目生命周期应该随同监控活动更新问题日志 开会发现问题,先记录下来,下面再解决。
21、 [多选] 进行自制或外购分析后,项目经理将已经包含工作分解结构(WBS)中的内容进行外包,项目经理应该采取下列哪一项措施?
After a make-or-buy analysis, the project manager decided to outsource the deliverables that included in the work breakdown structure (WBS). Which of the following should the project manager do next?
A :将需要外包的可交付成果从WBS中移除 Remove deliverables from the WBS that will be outsourced
B : 将需要外包的可交付成果保留在 WBS 中 Maintain in the WBS the deliverables that will be outsourced
C :创建另一个 WBS,仅包含将需要外包的可交付成果 Create another WBS includes only the deliverables that will be outsourced
D :等到选定外包供应商后才对 WBS 进行更改 Don’t change anything of the WBS until the outsourcing provider is selected
正确答案:B 你的答案:B
解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P161 章节:5.4.2.2 WBS 包含了全部的产品和项目工作,包括项目管理工作。通过把 WBS 底层的所有工作逐层向上汇总,来确保既没有遗漏的工作,也没有多余的工作。这有时被称为 100% 规则。 100%原则,因此工作包即使外包,也不能删除。
22、 [多选] 项目经理向项目发起人提供增加一个新功能所需的预计活动费用。项目经理参考 WBS 和历史数据后,预计这项活动实际上需要 20 天,在最坏情况下的需要 32 天,在最好情况下需要 14 天。如果每天的费用为$140 元,则增加这项新功能的预计费用是多少?
The project manager provides the project sponsor with an expected activity cost for adding a new feature. The project manager refers to the WBS and historical data, and estimates that the activity requires 20 days realistically,32days in worst case scenario and 14days in a best case scenario. If the cost per day is $140, what is the expected cost to add the new feature?
A :$2,520$2,520
B : $2,940$2,940
C :$3,080$3,080
D :$3,640$3,640
正确答案:B 你的答案:B
解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P244 章节:7.2.2.5 三点估算通过考虑估算中的不确定性与风险,使用三种估算值来界定活动成本的近似区间,可以提高单点成本估算的准确性贝塔分布cE = (cO + 4 cM + cP ) / 6 140*(14+20*4+32)/6=2940
23、 [多选] 在具挑战性的股东会议期间,客户表明他们将拒绝迭代的可交付成果。项目经理应该做什么?
During a challenging shareholder meeting, the customer indicates that they will reject an iteration's deliverable. What should the project manager do?
A :向项目发起人发送请求,要求他们更新项目章程,然后重新分配职责和权限。 Send a request to the project sponsor, asking them to update the project charter then reassign the responsibilities and authorities.
B :与项目团队会面,添加新的和改进的功能,以取代被拒绝的功能。 Meet with the project team to add new and improved features to replace the features that were rejected.
C : 与相关方合作,以建立解决关心问题的共同方法。 Work with stakeholders to create a shared approach that will address the issues of concern.
D :向变更控制委员会(CCB)提交变更请求,以向基准增加预算 File a change request with the change control board (CCB) in order to add budget to the baseline.
正确答案:C 你的答案:C
解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P73 章节:6.1.1 敏捷方法强调频繁并尽早交付项目输出。但是,接收组织可能尚未做好加速纳入这些输出的充分准备。加速交付将会考验组织适应该交付的能力。成功发现和交付项目功能是不够的。如果组织抗拒项目输出,则会延迟目标投资回报。客户接受并支持项目输出在敏捷环境中日益盛行。 需要与组织内相关方以及客户在敏捷交付方法中共同努力。
24、 [多选] 客户和供应商已经签署了一份合同,合同中约定了项目需求。由于对此类项目具有非常丰富的经验,项目经理指示计划编制团队绕过制订工作分解结构(WBS)这一过程,直接开始安排资源和任务。项目经理从计划中删掉了客户的其中一项需求,因为根据项目经理的经验认定这项需求是没有必要的。但是在项目进行到一半的时候,人工成本就已经超出预算 30%了。 下列哪个原因最有可能造成这种情况?
The customer and supplier have signed a contract stipulating the project requirements. Due to extensive experience on this type of project, the project manager instructs the planning team to bypass the development of a work breakdown structure (WBS) and begin scheduling resources and tasks. The project manager has dropped one of the customer’s requirements from the plan because the project manager’s experience has shown that it is NOT needed. Midway through the project, the labor costs exceed the budget by 30 percent. To what reason would this MOST likely be attributed?
A :未能成功使用参数估算技术 Failure to use parametric estimating techniques
B : 未识别的工作没有列入预算 Unidentified work not being budgeted
C :未能成功使用非参数估算技术 Failure to use non-parametric estimating technique
D :有缺陷的缩减 Flawed contracting
正确答案:B 你的答案:B
解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P151 章节:5.3 定义范围:在收集需求过程中识别出的所有需求未必都包含在项目中,所以定义范围过程就要从需求文件(收集需求过程的输出)中选取最终的项目需求,然后制定出关于项目及其产品、服务或成果的详细描述。准备好详细的项目范围说明书,对项目成功至关重要。 定义范围的作用
25、 [多选] 某些关键相关方不满意项目的关键功能的开发方法。他们在迭代审查会议上表达他们的不满。为了解决这个问题,项目经理首先应该做什么?
Certain key stakeholders are dissatisfied with how a key feature of a project has been developed. They express their dissatisfaction during an iteration review meeting. What should the project manager do first to resolve this issue?
A :召集项目团队进行头脑风暴会议,并确定解决方案。 Gather the project team for a brainstorming session and identify a solution.
B : 确定这个功能存在问题的原因,然后解决这个问题。 Identify the reasons why there are issues with the feature, then address the issue.
C :创建对情况的赞成和反对列表来定义冲突的影响。 Create a list of the pros and cons of the situation to define the impact of the conflict.
D :添加中立方(如项目发起人)作为相关方的谈判代表。 Add a neutral party, such as the project sponsor, to function as a negotiator with stakeholders.
正确答案:B 你的答案:B
解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P533 章节:13.4.2.1 根本原因分析:开展根本原因分析,确定相关方参与未达预期效果的根本原因。 先分析相关方抵制的原因,再采取进一步的措施。
26、 [多选] 一个敏捷团队刚刚完成了最终项目可交付成果的开发。团队成员正在向项目经理寻求下一步的建议。项目经理应该建议团队下一步做什么?
An agile team has just completed the development of the final project's deliverable. The team members are seeking advice from the project manager as to their next step. What should the project manager advise the team to do next?
A :确定验收标准 Determine the acceptance criteria
B :确保用户故事符合准备就绪的定义(DoR) Ensure that the user stories meet the definition of ready (DoR)
C :举行项目回顾 Hold a project retrospective
D : 验证可交付成果是否符合完成的定义(DoD) Verify that the deliverables meet the definition of done (DoD)
正确答案:D 你的答案:D
解析:知识点出处:敏捷实践指南 页码:P151 章节:术语表 完成的定义DoD:它是团队需要满足的所有标准的核对单,只有可交付成果满足该核对单才能视为准备就绪可供客户使用。 敏捷项目完成后,检查DOD,以验证是否满足标准
27、 [多选] 你正在促成一个与关键相关方的会议,讨论一个将使用敏捷项目管理方法进行的新项目。其中一个相关方关心的是项目如何与公司的整体组织战略相适应。你会为相关方提出什么建议来解决他们的担忧?
You are facilitating a meeting with key stakeholders to discuss a new project that will be conducted using an agile project management approach. One of the stakeholders is concerned about how the project fits in with the company's overall organizational strategy. What would you recommend to the stakeholder to address their concern?
A : 查看效益管理计划 Look at the benefits management plan
B :审查假设日志 Review the assumption log
C :检查工作分解结构 Examine the work breakdown structure
D :询问项目发起人 Ask the project sponsor
正确答案:A 你的答案:A
解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P33 章节:1.2.6.2 效益管理计划:项目生命周期早期应确定目标效益,并据此制定效益管理计划战略一致性(例如项目效益与组织业务战略的一致程度) 项目还没有启动,先看商业文件,商业文件包括商业论证和效益管理计划
28、 [多选] 项目经理发现关键路径上一项活动的开始到结束依赖关系遗漏了。项目进度计划已经与客户沟通,若要避免这个问题,项目经理应该事先做什么?
The project manager identifies that a finish-to-start dependency for an activity on the critical path is missing. The project schedule was already communicated to the customer. What should the project manager have done to avoid this issue?
A :审查工作分解结构 Reviewed the work breakdown structure
B : 进行进度网络分析 Conducted a schedule network analysis
C :制定风险管理计划 Prepared a risk management plan
D :进行挣值分析 Conducted an earned value analysis
正确答案:B 你的答案:B
解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P209 章节:6.5.2.1 进度网络分析是创建项目进度模型的一种综合技术,它采用了其他几种技术,例如关键路径法、资源优化技术和建模技术。 进度网络图中有各个活动之间依赖关系。
29、 [多选] 项目经理完成了项目章程,并得知项目发起人没有空正式授权项目启动,项目经理下一步应该做什么?
The project manager has completed the project charter and learned that the project sponsor has no time to officially authorize the project to start, what should the project manager do next?
A : 审查项目章程以查看是否有另一方可以对其进行授权 Review the project charter to see if another party can authorize it
B :请求与相关方开会以确定后续步骤 Request a meeting with interested parties to determine next steps
C :与职能经理开会,以讨论这种情况 Meet with the functional manager to discuss the situation
D :停止该项目,直到项目发起人有空 Stop the project until the project sponsor goes back and forth
正确答案:A 你的答案:A
解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P81 章节:4.1.3.1 项目章程:12. 批准章程的签字人员和姓名。 项目章程最后一条记录着批准章程人员的姓名。
30、 [多选] 在项目评审会上,从事活动 AD 的项目团队成员通知项目经理,完成该活动还需要三天,组织的高级经理要求项目经理,即使需要额外的预算,也必须找到方法,按原定基准计划交付项目。项目应该使用什么方法来满足高级经理的需求?
During a project review meeting, the project team member working on activity AD advises the project manager that it will take three more days to complete the activity. The organizations senior manager asks the project manager to find ways to deliver the project according to the original baseline plan, even though it may need additional budget. What should the project manager use to meet the senior managers needs?
A :使用快速跟进 Use fast tracking
B : 使用赶工 Use fast crashing
C :应用关键链法 Applied critical chain method
D :应用时间提前量和时间滞后量 Apply leads and lags
正确答案:B 你的答案:B
解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P228 章节:6.6.2.6 进度压缩:采用进度压缩技术(见 6.5.2.6 节)使进度落后的项目活动赶上计划,可以对剩余工作使用快速跟进或赶工方法。 SPI<1,CPI>1说明有可能该干的活没干,该花的钱没花,因此通过花钱赶进度
31、 [多选] 项目经理在演示和审查会议上收到进度报告。报告显示,敏捷项目并没有走上正轨。因为所有的工作都是为了达到更高层次的目标而特意选择和安排的,所以项目经理对报告感到惊讶。项目经理在未来如何在敏捷项目中防止这种类型的误解?
The project manager receives a progress report during a demo and review meeting. The report shows that the agile project is not on track. Since all work was purposely selected and sequenced to meet higher-level objectives, the project manager is surprised by the report. In the future, how can the project manager prevent this type of miscommunication in an agile project?
A :支持项目团队的自组织,并帮助他们为项目提供支持。 Support self organization for the project team and help them provide buy-in for the project.
B :确保有应急储备来应付这些问题。 Ensure that there is a contingency reserve to cover these issues.
C :确保团队接受过使用敏捷过程报告系统的培训。 Ensure that the team is trained to use the agile process reporting system.
D : 为项目团队提供关于敏捷方法的早期培训和持续指导。 Provide early training and ongoing mentoring about the agile approach for the project team.
正确答案:D
解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P342 章节:9.4.2.6 培训如果项目团队成员缺乏必要的管理或技术技能,可以把对这种技能的培养作为项目工作的一部分。 项目经理按敏捷方式来,团队没有,说明团队没有掌握敏捷方法的技能。
32、 [多选] 由于国际文化差异,一个跨国项目的相关方未能批准项目管理计划,为减轻这个问题应该事先做什么?
Because of national cultural differences, stakeholders of a transnational project failed to approve the project management plan. What should be done in advance to alleviate this problem?
A :审查问题更新日志,以反映项目管理计划可能不会获得批准 Review the issue update log to reflect that the project management plan may not be approved
B :要求相关方提前反馈 Ask stakeholders to give feedback in advance
C : 更新相关方登记册并了解相关方需求 Update stakeholder register and pay attention to stakeholder needs
D :用一种通用的沟通语言培训团队 Use a common communication language to train the team
正确答案:C 你的答案:C
解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P504 章节:13 项目经理和团队正确识别并合理引导所有相关方参与的能力,能决定着项目的成败 正确识别并引导参与决定项目成败
33、 [多选] 在规划阶段审查项目管理计划时,发起人表示他们希望通过删除一些需求来减少预算,项目经理应该做什么?
While reviewing the project management plan during the planning phase,the sponsor indicates that they want to decrease the budget by removing some requirements.What should the project manager do?
A : 与相关方讨论,以确定此范围变更是否可行 Discuss with stakeholders to determine if this scope change is feasible
B :签发变更请求,以减少项目范围 Issue a change request to decrease the project's scope
C :更新计划,仅包含新的需求集 Update the plan to include only the new set of requirements
D :执行成本效益分析,以确定实际可以删除哪些需求 Perform a cost-benefit analysis to determine what requirement can actually be remove
正确答案:A 你的答案:A
解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P113 章节:4.6 在基准确定之前,变更无需正式受控于实施整体变更控制过程。 先讨论,然后再做出决策。
34、 [多选] 项目发起人和客户通知项目经理他们对产品结果满意。项目经理下一步应该怎么做?
The project sponsor and the customer inform the project manager that they are satisfied with the product results. What should the project manager do next?
A :解散项目团队并收集经验教训 To dissolve the project team and collect lessons learned
B :向项目相关方提供最终审查报告,并获得他们的反馈 To provide the project stakeholders with final review report and get their feedback
C :结束采购并向承包商付款 To close the procurement and pay the contractor
D : 获得项目相关方的正式验收,并结束项目 To obtain the formal acceptance by project stakeholders and close the project
正确答案:D 你的答案:D
解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:P121 章节:4.7 项目已经完成,可以正常进入收尾。买方有新的工作要求,可以签订新的合同。 相关方对可交付成果满意,可以最终验收并结束项目。顺序DBA
35、 [多选] 一位Scrum主管正在组织一次冲刺回顾会议。由于几个团队成员之间出现了冲突的第一个迹象,会议变得有点有争议。对于Scrum主管来说,最好的行动方案是什么?
A scrum master is facilitating a sprint retrospective meeting. The meeting becomes slightly contentious with first signs of conflict between several team members. What is the best course of action for the scrum master?
A :立即避免团队成员之间关系的进一步恶化和受损 ntervene immediately to avoid further escalation and damaged relationships between the team members
B : 只有当冲突变得具有破坏性时,才进行干预,并且在需要时休息一下来私下向个人讲话 Intervene only if the conflict becomes destructive and take a break if needed to address individuals privately
C :在会议期间处理情况,追究参与冲突的个人的责任 Address the situation during the meeting to hold the individuals who are involved in the conflict accountable
D :不要干预,不管发生什么,因为敏捷团队是自我管理的,可以处理任何事情 Do not intervene regardless of what happens since agile teams are self-managing and can handle anything
正确答案:B 你的答案:B
解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:348 章节:9.5.2.1 成功的冲突管理可提高生产力,改进工作关系。假如意见分歧成为负面因素,应该首先由项目团队成员负责解决;如果冲突升级,项目经理应提供协助,促成满意的解决方案,采用直接和合作的方式,尽早并且通常在私下处理冲突。如果破坏性冲突继续存在,则可使用正式程序,包括采取惩戒措施。 冲突处理三步骤1.自行解决2. 私下处理3. 正式程序
36、 [多选] 一个项目经理正在为一个建造定制工业冲压机床的项目制定质量管理计划。这台机器将由供应商生产的部件组装而成。为了确定质量成本,项目经理检查一致性和非一致性的成本。项目经理应该审查下列哪一项以确定一致性的成本?(选择四个)
A project manager is developing a quality management plan for a project to build a custom industrial stamping machine. The machine will be assembled from parts produced by vendors. To determine the cost of quality, the project manager examines the costs of conformance and nonconformance.Which of the following should the project manager review to determine the cost of conformance? (Choose four)
A :因零件或工艺缺陷而引起的保修费用 The cost of warranty claims due to defective parts or workmanship
B : 与项目团队培训相关的成本 Costs associated with training of the project team
C : 组装前与机器单个部件测试有关的费用 Expenses related to the testing of individual parts of the machine prior to assembly
D : 因破坏性试验而引起的损失 Losses incurred as the result of destructive testing
E :由于产品故障而导致业务损失的经济价值 The economic value of lost business due to product failures
F : 在生产过程中与部件检查相关的成本 Costs related to inspections of subassemblies during the manufacturing process
正确答案:B,C,D,F 你的答案:B,C,D,F
解析:知识点出处:PMBOK 6th 页码:348 章节:9.5.2.1 。质量成本包括预防成本、评估成本、内部失败成本、外部失败成本。一致性成本的核心就是花钱规避失败。
37、 [多选] 你正在使用敏捷方法领导一个软件开发项目。如果该项目成功,它将为未来的收入和增长打开巨大的机会。该项目有很高的失败风险,但是潜在的利益大于风险。在选择每次迭代的内容时,必须考虑这些风险和