文件在程序中是以流的形式来操作的
(1)流:数据在数据源(文件)和程序(内存)之间经历的路径
(2)输入流:数据从数据源(文件)到程序(内存)的路径
(3)输出流:数据从程序(内存)到数据源(文件)的路径
(1)new File(String pathname):根据路径构建一个File对象
public void create01() throws IOException { String pathname = "d:\\news1.txt"; File file = new File(pathname); if (file.createNewFile()) { System.out.println("创建成功"); } else { System.out.println("创建失败"); } }
(2)new File(File parent,String child):根据父目录文件+子路径构建
public void create02() throws IOException { File parent = new File("d:\\"); String child = "news2.txt"; File file = new File(parent, child); if (file.createNewFile()) { System.out.println("创建成功"); } else { System.out.println("创建失败"); } }
(3)new File(String parent,String child):根据父目录+子路径构建
public void create03() throws IOException { String parent = "d:\\"; String child = "news3.txt"; File file = new File(parent, child); if (file.createNewFile()) { System.out.println("创建成功"); } else { System.out.println("创建失败"); } }
- public void info() {
- File file = new File("d:\\news1.txt");
-
- String name = file.getName(); // 文件名字
- String absolutePath = file.getAbsolutePath(); // 文件绝对路径
- String parent = file.getParent(); // 文件父级目录
- long length = file.length(); // 文件大小(字节)
- boolean exists = file.exists(); // 文件是否存在
- boolean b1 = file.isFile(); // 是不是一个文件
- boolean b2 = file.isDirectory(); // 是不是一个目录
- }
- public void m1(){
- File file = new File("d:\\news1.txt");
- if (file.exists()){
- if (file.delete()){
- System.out.println("删除成功");
- }else {
- System.out.println("删除失败");
- }
- }else {
- System.out.println("文件或目录不存在");
- }
- }
- public void m2(){
- File file = new File("d:\\news1.txt");
- if (file.exists()){
- System.out.println("该文件或目录存在");
- }else {
- // file.mkdir() 创建一级目录
- // file.mkdirs() 创建多级目录
- if (file.mkdirs()){
- System.out.println("该目录创建成功");
- }else {
- System.out.println("该目录创建失败");
- }
- }
- }
(1)I/O 是 input/output 的缩写,I/O 技术是非常实用的技术,用于处理数据传输。如读/写文件,网络通讯等。
(2)Java程序中,对于数据的输入/输出操作以“流(stream)”的方式进行
(3)java.io 包下提供了各种“流”类和接口,用以获取不同种类的数据,并通过方法输入或输出数据
(4)输入input:读取外部数据(磁盘、光盘等存储设备的数据)到程序(内存)中。
(5)输出output:将程序(内存)数据输出到磁盘、光盘等存储设备中
(1)按操作数据单位不同分为:字节流(8bit)【二进制文件】,字符流(按字符)【文本文件】
(2)按数据流的流向不同分为:输入流,输出流
(3)按流的角色的不同分为:节点流,处理流/包装流
(1)Java的 IO 流共涉及40多个类,实际上非常规则,都是从如上4个抽象基类派生的。
(2)由这四个类派生出来的子类名称都是以其父类名作为子类名后缀。
InputStream 抽象类是所有字节输入流的超类
(1)FilelnputStream:文件输入流
(2)BufferedlnputStream:缓冲字节输入流
(3)ObjectlnputStream:对象字节输入流
- // 单个字节的读取
- public void readFile1(){
- String filePath = "d:\\hello.txt";
- FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
- int readData = 0;
-
- try {
- fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(filePath);
- while ((readData = fileInputStream.read()) != -1){
- System.out.print((char) readData);
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }finally {
- try {
- fileInputStream.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- // 字节数组读取
- public void readFile2() {
- String filePath = "d:\\hello.txt";
- FileInputStream fileInputStream = null;
- byte[] buf = new byte[8];
- int readLen = 0;
- try {
- fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(filePath);
- while ((readLen = fileInputStream.read(buf)) != -1) {
- System.out.println(new String(buf, 0, readLen));
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- try {
- fileInputStream.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- public void writeFile1() {
- String filePath = "d:\\a.txt";
- FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = null;
-
- try {
- // 如果为true,则字节将被写入文件的末尾【追加】
- // 如果为false,则字节将被写入文件的开头【覆盖】
- fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(filePath,true);
-
- // 1.写入一个字节
- fileOutputStream.write('Y');
-
- // 2.写入字符串
- String str = "hello,java";
- fileOutputStream.write(str.getBytes());
-
- // 3.写入字符串指定范围
- fileOutputStream.write(str.getBytes(), 0, str.length());
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- try {
- fileOutputStream.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- public void fileCopy(){
- FileInputStream fis = null;
- FileOutputStream fos = null;
- String scrPath = "d:\\ces.jpg";
- String destPath = "d:\\ces1.jpg";
- int readLen = 0;
- byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
-
- try {
- fis = new FileInputStream(scrPath);
- fos = new FileOutputStream(destPath);
-
- while ((readLen = fis.read(buf)) != -1) {
- fos.write(buf, 0, readLen);
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- try {
- fis.close();
- fos.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
FileReader 和 FileWriter是字符流,即按照字符来操作 IO
- // 单个字符读取
- public void readFile01() {
- String pathname = "d:\\story.txt";
- FileReader fileReader = null;
- int data = 0;
- try {
- fileReader = new FileReader(pathname);
- while ((data = fileReader.read()) != -1) {
- System.out.println((char) data);
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- try {
- fileReader.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- // 字符数组读取
- public void readFile02() {
- String pathname = "d:\\story.txt";
- FileReader fileReader = null;
- int readLen = 0;
- char[] buf = new char[8];
-
- try {
- fileReader = new FileReader(pathname);
- while ((readLen = fileReader.read(buf)) != -1) {
- System.out.println(new String(buf, 0, readLen));
- }
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- try {
- fileReader.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
- public void readFile01() {
- String pathname = "d:\\story.txt";
- FileWriter fileWriter = null;
- char[] chars = {'a', 'b', 'c'};
- String str = "你好,java";
-
- try {
- fileWriter = new FileWriter(pathname, false);
-
- // 1.写入单个字符
- fileWriter.write('Y');
-
- // 2.写入指定数组
- fileWriter.write(chars);
-
- // 3.写入指定数组的指定部分
- fileWriter.write(chars, 0, 1);
-
- // 4.写入字符串
- fileWriter.write(str);
-
- // 5.写入字符串的指定部分
- fileWriter.write(str, 0, 1);
-
-
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } finally {
- try {
- fileWriter.close();
- } catch (IOException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
(1)节点流是底层流/低级流,直接跟数据源相接
(2)处理流包装节点流,既可以消除不同节点流的实现差异,也可以提供更方便的方法来完成输入输出
(3)处理流(也叫包装流)对节点流进行包装,使用了修饰器设计模式,不会直接与数据源相连
(1)性能的提高:主要以增加缓冲的方式来提高输入输出的效率
(2)操作的便捷:处理流可能提供了一系列便捷的方法来一次输入输出大批量的数据,使用更加灵活方便
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- FileReader fileReader = new FileReader("d:\\hello.txt");
- BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(fileReader);
-
- String line ;
-
- while ((line = bufferedReader.readLine()) != null){
- System.out.println(line);
- }
-
- bufferedReader.close();
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
- FileWriter fileWriter = new FileWriter("d:\\hello.txt",true);
- BufferedWriter bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(fileWriter);
-
- bufferedWriter.write("你好,Java");
- // 换行
- bufferedWriter.newLine();
- bufferedWriter.write("加油");
-
- bufferedWriter.close();
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
-
- FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("d:\\ces.jpg");
- FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("d:\\ces2.jpg");
-
- BufferedInputStream bis = new BufferedInputStream(fis);
- BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(fos);
-
- byte[] buf = new byte[1024];
- int readLean = 0;
- while ((readLean = bis.read(buf)) != -1){
- bos.write(buf,0,readLean);
- }
-
- bis.close();
- bos.close();
- }
(1)序列化就是在保存数据时,保存数据的值和数据类型
(2)反序列化就是在恢复数据时,恢复数据的值和数据类型
(3)需要让某个对象支持序列化机制,则必须让其类是可序列化的,为了让某个类是可序列化的,该类必须实现如下两个接口之一:
①Serializable【这是一个标记接口】
②Externalizable
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { // 序列化后,保存的文件格式是特殊格式 String filePath = "e:\\data.dat"; ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filePath)); oos.writeInt(100); oos.writeBoolean(true); oos.writeChar('a'); oos.writeDouble(9.5); oos.writeUTF("你好"); oos.writeObject(new Dog("旺财")); }
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception { String filePath = "e:\\data.dat"; ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(filePath)); // 读取(反序列化)顺序和保存(序列化)顺序保持一致 System.out.println(ois.readInt()); System.out.println(ois.readBoolean()); System.out.println(ois.readChar()); System.out.println(ois.readDouble()); System.out.println(ois.readUTF()); System.out.println(ois.readObject()); }
1)读写顺序要一致
2)要求序列化或反序列化对象,需要实现 Serializable
3)应列化的类中建议添加 SerialVersionUID,为了提高版本的兼容性
4)序列化对象时,默认将里面所有属性都进行序列化,但除了 static 或 transient 修饰的成员
5)序列化对象时,要求里面属性的类型也需要实现序列化接口
6)序列化具备可继承性,也就是如果某类已经实现了序列化,则它的所有子类也已经默认实
现了序列化
- public static void main(String[] args) {
-
- // public final static InputStream in = null;
- // System.in 编译类型 InputStream
- // System.in 运行类型 BufferedInputStream
- System.out.println(System.in.getClass());
-
- // public final static PrintStream out = null;
- // System.in 编译类型 PrintStream
- // System.in 运行类型 PrintStream
- System.out.println(System.out);
-
- System.out.println("hello");
-
- Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
- System.out.println(sc.next());
-
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
-
- method1();
- // 使用转换流解决乱码问题
- method2();
- }
-
- public static void method1() throws Exception {
- // 文件编码为 gbk
- BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("e:\\a.txt"));
-
- String line = br.readLine();
- System.out.println(line); // ���
- br.close();
- }
-
- public static void method2() throws Exception {
- // 文件编码为 gbk
- InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("e:\\a.txt"), "gbk");
- BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
-
- String line = br.readLine();
- System.out.println(line); // 你好
- br.close();
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
-
- OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("e:\\ab.txt"), "utf8");
- osw.write("你好");
- BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(osw);
- bw.write("星期天");
- bw.close();
-
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
-
- PrintStream out = System.out;
- out.println("join");
- out.write("你好".getBytes());
-
- out.close();
-
- // 修改打印流输出位置
- System.setOut(new PrintStream("e:\\f1.txt"));
- System.out.println("你好,java");
-
- }
- public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
-
- // PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(System.out);
- PrintWriter printWriter = new PrintWriter(new FileWriter("e:\\f2.txt"));
- printWriter.print("你好,Java!");
- printWriter.close();
- }
(1)专门用于读写配置文件的集合类
(2)注意:键值对不需要有空格,值不需要用引号起来。默认类型是String
(3)Properties 的常见方法
(1)load:加载配置文件的键值对到Properties对象
(2)list:将数据显示到指定设备
(3)getProperty(key):根据键获取值(4)get(key):根据键获取值
(5)setProperty(key,value):设置键值对到Properties对象
(6)store:将 Properties 中的键值对存储到配置文件,在idea中,保存信息到配置文件,如果含有中文,会存储为unicode码
- // 传统方法读取文件
- public static void method1() throws Exception {
- BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("src\\mysql.properties"));
- String line = "";
- while ((line = br.readLine())!= null){
- String[] split = line.split("=");
- System.out.println(split[0] + "值是:"+split[1]);
- }
-
- br.close();
- }
-
- // Properties 类读取文件
- public static void method2() throws Exception {
-
- Properties properties = new Properties();
- properties.load(new FileReader("src\\mysql.properties"));
-
- properties.list(System.out);
-
- System.out.println(properties.get("ip"));
- System.out.println(properties.getProperty("user"));
- }
-
- // Properties 类添加键值对到文件中
- public static void method3() throws Exception {
-
- Properties properties = new Properties();
-
- properties.setProperty("charset","utf8");
- properties.setProperty("user","Jack");
- properties.setProperty("pwd","123");
-
- // 文件存在,则覆盖旧文件。不存在,新建文件。
- properties.store(new FileWriter("src\\mysql2.properties"),null);
-
- }