Linux安装MySQL

centos7上使用yum安装mysql5.7

配置yum源

yum install https://repo.mysql.com//mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm -y
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最新的yum源rpm包在这里下载:https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/

安装启动mysql

yum -y install yum-utils
yum-config-manager --disable mysql80-community
yum-config-manager --enable mysql57-community
yum -y install mysql-community-server
systemctl start mysqld.service
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修改root密码

安装完成后会随机生成root密码，首先查看root密码:

grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
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使用随机密码登录命令行，修改密码策略，修改密码:

mysql -u root -p
set global validate_password_policy=0;
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Admin12345';
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查看密码策略

show variables like 'validate_password%';       
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密码策略共有以下几种: validate_password_policy：密码安全策略，默认MEDIUM策略

策略	检查规则
0 or LOW	Length
1 or MEDIUM	Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters
2 or STRONG	Length; numeric, lowercase/uppercase, and special characters; dictionary file

validate_password_mixed_case_count：大小写字符长度，至少1个

validate_password_number_count ：数字至少1个

validate_password_special_char_count：特殊字符至少1个

validate_password_dictionary_file：密码策略文件，策略为STRONG才需要

validate_password_length：密码最少长度

允许远程访问

grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'Admin12345' with grant option;
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'Admin12345' with grant option;
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'127.0.0.1' identified by 'Admin12345' with grant option;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
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查看可以访问的主机:

use mysql;
select host,user from user where user='root';
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设置字符集和连接数

查询数据库编码

show variables like 'character%';
show variables like '%collation%';
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编辑配置文件

vim /etc/my.cnf

[client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[database]
character_set_database=utf8mb4
[mysqld]
#设置监听ipv4
bind-address=0.0.0.0
transaction-isolation=READ-COMMITTED
server-id=1
log-bin
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
port=3306
max_connect_errors=99999
max_error_count=65535
character-set-server=utf8mb4
lower_case_table_names=1
max_connections=9999
max_user_connections=8888
wait_timeout=31536000
interactive_timeout=31536000
innodb_buffer_pool_size=128M
innodb_buffer_pool_instances=1
innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size=128M
max_allowed_packet=100M
sql-mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,ALLOW_INVALID_DATES"
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Linux使用压缩包安装mysql

下载

wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

解压并移动

tar -xvf mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mv mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ /usr/local/mysql
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创建mysql用户

groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/data
#导入新的data之后再运行下面这句话
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/data
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初始化（如果mysql提示错误可尝试mysqld）

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
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修改系统配置文件

cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files
cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
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vim /etc/init.d/mysql

basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
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vim /etc/my.cnf

[client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[database]
character_set_database=utf8mb4
[mysqld]
bind-address=0.0.0.0
transaction-isolation=READ-COMMITTED
server-id=1
log-bin
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
port=3306
max_connect_errors=99999
max_error_count=65535
character-set-server=utf8mb4
lower_case_table_names=1
max_connections=9999
max_user_connections=8888
wait_timeout=31536000
interactive_timeout=31536000
innodb_buffer_pool_size=128M
innodb_buffer_pool_instances=1
innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size=128M
max_allowed_packet=100M
sql-mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,ALLOW_INVALID_DATES"
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启动

/etc/init.d/mysql start

设置开机自启动

cd /etc/init.d/
chmod +x mysql
chkconfig --add mysql
chkconfig --list
chkconfig --level 345 mysql on
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MySQL 8.0.27 安装

下载

wget --no-check-certificate https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-8.0/mysql-8.0.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
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解压并移动

xz -dk mysql-8.0.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz
tar -xvf mysql-8.0.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar
mv mysql-8.0.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
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创建mysql用户

groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
mkdir -p /usr/local/mysql/data
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/data
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修改系统配置文件

cd /usr/local/mysql/support-files
cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
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vim /etc/init.d/mysql

basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
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vim /etc/my.cnf

[client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[database]
character_set_database=utf8mb4
[mysqld]
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
bind-address=0.0.0.0
transaction-isolation=READ-COMMITTED
server-id=1
log-bin
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
port=20306
max_connect_errors=99999
max_error_count=65535
#MySQL8推荐字符集
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci
lower_case_table_names=1
max_connections=9999
max_user_connections=8888
wait_timeout=31536000
interactive_timeout=31536000
innodb_buffer_pool_size=128M
innodb_buffer_pool_instances=1
innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size=128M
max_allowed_packet=100M
sql-mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"
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初始化（如果mysql提示错误可尝试mysqld）

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
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启动

/etc/init.d/mysql start
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修改密码

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH MYSQL_NATIVE_PASSWORD BY 'Admin12345';
use mysql;
update user set host = '%' where user = 'root';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
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设置开机自启动

cd /etc/init.d/
chmod +x mysql
chkconfig --add mysql
chkconfig --list
chkconfig --level 345 mysql on
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MySQL 多实例安装

下载

wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.35-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

在安装MySQL之前，需要卸载服务器自带的MySQL包和MySQL数据库分支mariadb的包

[root@masterdb ~]# rpm -qa|grep mysql
[root@masterdb ~]# rpm -qa |grep mariadb
mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64
[root@masterdb ~]# rpm -e mariadb-libs-5.5.56-2.el7.x86_64 --nodeps
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依赖包安装

MySQL对libaio 库有依赖性。如果未在本地安装该库，则数据目录初始化和随后的服务器启动步骤将失败、

# install library

[root@mysql mysql]# yum install libaio
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对于MySQL 5.7.19和更高版本：通用Linux版本中增加了对非统一内存访问（NUMA）的支持，该版本现在对libnuma库具有依赖性。

# install library

[root@mysql mysql]# yum install libnuma
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创建用户和用户组

groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
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解压安装包

[root@masterdb ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@masterdb local]# tar xzvf /root/mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

# 修改解压文件名，与前面定义的basedir相同
[root@masterdb local]# mv mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/ mysql
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创建数据文件存放目录

mkdir -p /mysql/{3306,3307,3308,3309}/data
mkdir /var/lib/mysql

chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /mysql
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创建MySQL参数配置文件

vim /etc/my.cnf

[client]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
[database]
character_set_database=utf8mb4
[mysqld]
user=mysql
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
bind-address=0.0.0.0
transaction-isolation=READ-COMMITTED
server-id=1
log-bin
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
max_connect_errors=99999
max_error_count=65535
character-set-server=utf8mb4
lower_case_table_names=1
max_connections=9999
max_user_connections=8888
wait_timeout=31536000
interactive_timeout=31536000
innodb_buffer_pool_size=128M
innodb_buffer_pool_instances=1
innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size=128M
max_allowed_packet=100M
sql-mode="STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,ALLOW_INVALID_DATES"

[mysqld_multi]
mysqld=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
log=/usr/local/mysql/mysqld_multi.log

[mysqld30306]
mysqld=mysqld
mysqladmin=mysqladmin
datadir=/mysql/30306/data
port=30306
server_id=30306
socket=/mysql/30306/mysql_30306.sock
log-error = /mysql/30306/error_30306.log

[mysqld3307]
mysqld=mysqld
mysqladmin=mysqladmin
datadir=/mysql/3307/data
port=3307
server_id=3307
socket/mysql/3307/mysql_3307.sock
log-error=/mysql/3307/error_3307.log
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初始化数据库

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/mysql/3307/data
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设置环境变量

export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH
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使用mysqld_multi管理多实例

# 使用mysqld_multi启动3306端口的实例
mysqld_multi start 3306

# 使用mysqld_multi启动全部实例
mysqld_multi start

# 使用mysqld_multi查看实例状态
mysqld_multi report
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链接数据库

mysql -S /tmp/mysql_3306.sock -p 
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修改数据库密码

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'Admin12345';
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'Admin12345' with grant  option;
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'Admin12345' with grant  option;
grant all privileges on *.* to 'root'@'127.0.0.1' identified by 'Admin12345' with grant  option;
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
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关闭数据库

mysqladmin -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p -P3307 shutdown
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Linux下彻底卸载mysql详解

使用以下命令查看当前安装mysql情况，查找以前是否装有mysql

rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
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停止mysql服务、删除之前安装的mysql

删除命令：rpm -e –nodeps 包名

　　rpm -ev MySQL-client-5.5.25a-1.rhel5
　　rpm -ev MySQL-server-5.5.25a-1.rhel5
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如果提示依赖包错误，则使用以下命令尝试：

 rpm -ev MySQL-client-5.5.25a-1.rhel5 --nodeps
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如果提示错误：error: %preun(xxxxxx) scriptlet failed, exit status 1

则用以下命令尝试：

rpm -e --noscripts MySQL-client-``5.5``.25a-``1``.rhel5
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查找之前老版本mysql的目录、并且删除老版本mysql的文件和库

find / -name mysql
rm -rf /var/lib/mysql
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再次查找机器是否安装mysql

rpm -qa|grep -i mysql
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mysql忘记密码

vim /etc/my.cnf mysqld下增加参数

skip-grant-tables                              
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重启数据库直接登录mysql

systemctl restart mysqld.service
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修改密码

UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string=PASSWORD('Admin12345') where USER='root';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
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最后删除配置 skip-grant-tables 重启数据库服务

备份换原

备份所有的库

 mysqldump -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3306 -u root -p123456789aA! --single-transaction -A >dump.sql          
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备份指定的库

mysqldump -u root -p123456789aA! wordpress > /home/wordpress.sql 
mysqldump -u root -p123456789aA! --databases wordpress > /home/wordpress.sql
#如果数据过大
mysqldump -u root -p -P 20306 wordpress --max_allowed_packet=1G > /home/wordpress.sql
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还原：

source /home/wordpress.sql;
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或者：

mysql -u root -p wordpress < /home/wordpress.sql  
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还原时取消严格校验参数

innodb_large_prefix=1
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_file_format = Barracuda
innodb_strict_mode=0
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原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/wei_zhen_dong/article/details/126474799

Linux安装MySQL

Linux安装MySQL

centos7上使用yum安装mysql5.7

配置yum源

安装启动mysql

修改root密码

允许远程访问

设置字符集和连接数

编辑配置文件

Linux使用压缩包安装mysql

下载

解压并移动

创建mysql用户

初始化（如果mysql提示错误 可尝试mysqld）

修改系统配置文件

启动

登录

设置开机自启动

MySQL 8.0.27 安装

下载

解压并移动

创建mysql用户

修改系统配置文件

初始化（如果mysql提示错误 可尝试mysqld）

启动

登录

修改密码

设置开机自启动

MySQL 多实例安装

下载

在安装MySQL之前，需要卸载服务器自带的MySQL包和MySQL数据库分支mariadb的包

依赖包安装

创建用户和用户组

解压安装包

创建数据文件存放目录

创建MySQL参数配置文件

初始化数据库

设置环境变量

使用mysqld_multi管理多实例

链接数据库

修改数据库密码

关闭数据库

Linux下彻底卸载mysql详解

使用以下命令查看当前安装mysql情况，查找以前是否装有mysql

停止mysql服务、删除之前安装的mysql

查找之前老版本mysql的目录、并且删除老版本mysql的文件和库

再次查找机器是否安装mysql

mysql忘记密码

备份换原

初始化（如果mysql提示错误可尝试mysqld）

初始化（如果mysql提示错误可尝试mysqld）