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Centos7安装mysql+keepalived 高可用环境
目录
一、环境准备
1.节点信息
节点IP
节点名称
系统
软件及版本
192.168.51.187
node187
CentOS 7
keepalived-1.3.5
mysql-5.7.24
192.168.51.226
node226
CentOS 7
2.虚拟VIP
虚拟VIP
192.168.51.170
3.初始化, 在两个节点上进行常用工具的安装
yum install gcc gcc-c++ vim-enhanced glibc make unzip openssl openssl-devel openssh-server openssh-clients wget -y- 1
二、mysql下载和安装
* 除标明特定节点执行外, 其他步骤均在两个节点执行, 在两个节点安装mysql
1.官网下载
链接:https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/
选择版本并下载
2.检查是否已经安装了mysql或者卸载系统自带的Mariadb，如果已经安装，则先把安装的卸载
[root@node187 ~]# rpm -qa | grep mysql [root@node187 ~]# rpm -qa | grep mariadb mariadb-libs-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64 [root@node187 ~]# yum -y remove mariadb-libs-5.5.64-1.el7.x86_64- 1
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3.将安装包传输至服务器, 并解压
[root@node187 home]# tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz 重命名mysql安装目录 [root@node187 home]# mv mysql-5.7.24-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql- 1
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4.创建新用户组和用户
[root@node187 home]# groupadd mysql 禁止mysql登陆 [root@node187 home]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql- 1
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5.在mysql下新建data目录和log目录
[root@node187 home]# cd mysql [root@node187 mysql]# mkdir data [root@node187 mysql]# mkdir log- 1
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6.将mysql文件夹的拥有权限改为mysql用户
[root@node187 mysql]# chown -R mysql:mysql ./- 1
7.数据库初始化, 并记住初始化密码
[root@node187 mysql]# ./bin/mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/home/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data --initialize- 1
8.创建my.cnf配置文件, 添加如下配置
在节点一中修改配置文件
[root@node187 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysql] default-character-set=utf8 [mysqld] skip-name-resolve port = 3306 basedir=/home/mysql datadir=/home/mysql/data socket=/home/mysql/mysql.sock max_connections=1000 # 服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码的latin1字符集 character-set-server=utf8 # 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎 default-storage-engine=INNODB lower_case_table_names=1 #不区分大小写 max_allowed_packet=100M # 开启ip绑定 bind-address = 0.0.0.0 server-id = 1 log-bin = mysql-bin #sync_binlog = 1 #binlog_checksum = none binlog_format = mixed auto-increment-increment = 2 auto-increment-offset = 1 [mysqld_safe] log-error=/home/mysql/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/home/mysql/data/mysqld.pid #指定客户端连接mysql时的socket通信文件路径 [client] socket=/home/mysql/mysql.sock default-character-set=utf8- 1
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在节点二中修改配置文件
[root@node226 mysql]# vim /etc/my.cnf [mysql] default-character-set=utf8 [mysqld] skip-name-resolve port = 3306 basedir=/home/mysql datadir=/home/mysql/data socket=/home/mysql/mysql.sock max_connections=1000 # 服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码的latin1字符集 character-set-server=utf8 # 创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎 default-storage-engine=INNODB lower_case_table_names=1 #不区分大小写 max_allowed_packet=100M # 开启ip绑定 bind-address = 0.0.0.0 server-id = 2 log-bin = mysql-bin #sync_binlog = 1 #binlog_checksum = none binlog_format = mixed auto-increment-increment = 2 auto-increment-offset = 2 slave-skip-errors = all [mysqld_safe] log-error=/home/mysql/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/home/mysql/data/mysqld.pid #指定客户端连接mysql时的socket通信文件路径 [client] socket=/home/mysql/mysql.sock default-character-set=utf8- 1
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9.将mysql添加至开机启动
[root@node187 mysql]# cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld- 1
修改mysqld以下代码部分
[root@node187 mysql]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld 修改以下内容 basedir=/home/mysql datadir=/home/mysql/data- 1
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设置开机启动
[root@node187 mysql]# chkconfig --add mysqld- 1
10.添加环境变量
[root@node187 mysql]# vim /etc/profile 添加以下内容 export PATH=$PATH:/home/mysql/bin 使配置文件立即生效 [root@node187 mysql]# source /etc/profile- 1
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11.启动服务
[root@node187 mysql]# service mysqld start- 1
12.登录mysql, 初始密码为上述第7步红色框选部分
[root@node187 mysql]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.7.24 MySQL Community Server (GPL) Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>- 1
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13.修改mysql数据库的root用户的密码, 此处根据自己需求设置, 本例中密码为root.
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by 'root'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)- 1
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14. 此时使用数据库连接工具连接数据库报错, 需进行以下设置
mysql> use mysql; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed mysql> update user set user.Host='%' where user.User='root'; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0 mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)- 1
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测试正常连接,至此数据库安装完成
15.配置mysql主主
配置节点一mysql主主
[root@node187 mysql]# systemctl stop mysqld [root@node187 mysql]# systemctl start mysqld 登陆mysql 创建同步用户 [root@node187 mysql]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.7.24-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) mysql> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to repl@'192.168.51.%' identified by 'root'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) #锁表，查看binlog日志节点 mysql> flush tables with read lock; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 622 | | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> 记录下 mysql-bin.000001 和 622- 1
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配置节点二mysql主主
[root@node226 mysql]# systemctl stop mysqld [root@node226 mysql]# systemctl start mysqld 登陆mysql 创建同步用户 [root@node226 data]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or g. Your MySQL connection id is 2 Server version: 5.7.24-log MySQL Community Server (GPL) mysql> grant replication slave,replication client on *.* to repl@'192.168.51.%' identified by 'root'; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.01 sec) mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) #锁表，查看binlog日志节点 mysql> flush tables with read lock; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | Executed_Gtid_Set | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ | mysql-bin.000001 | 622 | | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+-------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> 记录下 mysql-bin.000001 和622- 1
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16.开启同步
开启节点一
#解锁 mysql> unlock tables; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.51.226',master_user='repl',master_password='root',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=622; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.08 sec) mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) #查看主从状态 如下图两个Yes表示主从正常 mysql> show slave status G;- 1
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开启节点二
#解锁 mysql> unlock tables; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> stop slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec) mysql> change master to master_host='192.168.51.187',master_user='repl',master_password='root',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=622; Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.07 sec) mysql> start slave; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec) #查看主从状态 如下图两个Yes表示主从正常 mysql> show slave status G;- 1
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17.测试
此时已经实现了mysql主主同步，可以在两个数据库里创建表来验证一下是否相互同步。
在节点一上创建表
在节点二上查看表
三、keepalived下载和安装
1.keepalived简介
官网地址:https://www.keepalived.org/
安装参考:https://www.keepalived.org/doc/installing_keepalived.html
2.下载并安装keepalived (两个节点均安装keepalived)
[root@node187 ~]# yum install -y openssl-devel [root@node187 ~]# cd /home [root@node187 home]# wget http://www.keepalived.org/software/keepalived-1.3.5.tar.gz [root@node187 home]# tar -zvxf keepalived-1.3.5.tar.gz [root@node187 home]# cd keepalived-1.3.5 [root@node187 keepalived-1.3.5]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/keepalived [root@node187 keepalived-1.3.5]# make && make install [root@node187 keepalived-1.3.5]# cp /usr/local/src/keepalived-1.3.5/keepalived/etc/init.d/keepalived /etc/rc.d/init.d/ [root@node187 keepalived-1.3.5]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/ [root@node187 keepalived-1.3.5]# mkdir /etc/keepalived/ [root@node187 keepalived-1.3.5]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/ [root@node187 keepalived-1.3.5]# cp /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived /usr/sbin/ [root@node187 keepalived-1.3.5]# echo "/etc/init.d/keepalived start" >> /etc/rc.local 更改PIDFile地址，不然启动会报错 [root@node187 keepalived-1.3.5]#vi /lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service [Unit] Description=LVS and VRRP High Availability Monitor After=syslog.target network-online.target [Service] Type=forking PIDFile=/var/run/keepalived.pid KillMode=process EnvironmentFile=-/usr/local/keepalived/etc/sysconfig/keepalived ExecStart=/usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived $KEEPALIVED_OPTIONS ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target- 1
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四、配置mysql双主+keepalived 高可用环境
1.节点一 keepalived.conf配置修改主机IP并设置虚拟IP, 并启动keepalived
[root@node187 ~]# cp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.bak [root@node187 local]# cat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { dzp@126.com #邮箱随便写，这里没配置发送邮件 } notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc smtp_server 127.0.0.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id MASTER-HA } vrrp_script chk_mysql_port { #检测mysql服务是否在运行。有很多方式，比如进程，用脚本检测等等 script "/opt/chk_mysql.sh" #这里通过脚本监测 interval 2 #脚本执行间隔，每2s检测一次 weight -5 #脚本结果导致的优先级变更，检测失败（脚本返回非0）则优先级 -5 fall 2 #检测连续2次失败才算确定是真失败。会用weight减少优先级（1-255之间） rise 1 #检测1次成功就算成功。但不修改优先级 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { # state MASTER state BACKUP nopreempt #非抢占模式 interface enp0s3 #指定虚拟ip的网卡接口, 通过ifconfig查看以确定 mcast_src_ip 192.168.51.187 virtual_router_id 51 #路由器标识，MASTER和BACKUP必须是一致的 priority 101 #定义优先级，数字越大，优先级越高，在同一个vrrp_instance下，MASTER的优先级必须大于BACKUP的优先级 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.51.170 } track_script { chk_mysql_port } } #编写心跳检测脚本 [root@node187 ~]# vim /opt/chk_mysql.sh #!/bin/bash counter=$(netstat -na|grep "LISTEN"|grep "3306"|wc -l) if [ "${counter}" -eq 0 ]; then /etc/init.d/keepalived stop fi [root@node187 ~]# chmod 755 /opt/chk_mysql.sh 启动keepalived服务 [root@node187 ~]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start 正在启动 keepalived： [确定]- 1
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2.节点二 keepalived.conf配置 修改主机IP并设置虚拟IP, 并启动keepalived
[root@node226 ~]# cp /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf.bak [root@node226 ~]# vim /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf ! Configuration File for keepalived global_defs { notification_email { dzp@126.com } notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc smtp_server 127.0.0.1 smtp_connect_timeout 30 router_id MASTER-HA } vrrp_script chk_mysql_port { script "/opt/chk_mysql.sh" interval 2 weight -5 fall 2 rise 1 } vrrp_instance VI_1 { state BACKUP nopreempt interface enp0s3 mcast_src_ip 192.168.51.226 virtual_router_id 51 priority 99 advert_int 1 authentication { auth_type PASS auth_pass 1111 } virtual_ipaddress { 192.168.51.170 } track_script { chk_mysql_port } } #编写心跳检测脚本 [root@node226 ~]# vim /opt/chk_mysql.sh #!/bin/bash counter=$(netstat -na|grep "LISTEN"|grep "3306"|wc -l) if [ "${counter}" -eq 0 ]; then /etc/init.d/keepalived stop fi [root@node226 ~]# chmod 755 /opt/chk_mysql.sh 启动keepalived服务 [root@node226 ~]# /etc/init.d/keepalived start 正在启动 keepalived： [确定]- 1
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3.测试
(1)通过VIP连接，看是否连接成功。通过客户端和Navicat、以及在项目中配置均连接成功
mysql -uroot -proot -h192.168.51.170- 1
(2)关闭vip所在机器的mysql服务，观察vip是否转移
通过命令可以看出, 当前VIP在节点一上
节点一 [root@node187 keepalived-1.3.5]# ip addr | grep 192.168 inet 192.168.51.187/24 brd 192.168.51.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic enp0s3 inet 192.168.51.170/32 scope global enp0s3 [root@node187 keepalived-1.3.5]# 节点二 [root@node226 keepalived-1.3.5]# ip addr | grep 192.168 inet 192.168.51.226/24 brd 192.168.51.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic enp0s3 [root@node226 keepalived-1.3.5]#- 1
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停止节点一上的mysql服务，根据配置中的脚本，mysql服务停了，keepalived也会停，从而vip资源将会切换到节点二上。（mysql服务没有起来的时候，keepalived服务也无法顺利启动！）
节点一 [root@node187 opt]# systemctl stop mysqld [root@node187 opt]# netstat -na|grep "LISTEN"|grep "3306"|wc -l 0 [root@node187 opt]# ps -ef|grep mysql root 1783 29952 0 10:49 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql [root@node187 opt]# ps -ef|grep keepalived root 1647 29952 0 10:40 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto keepalived [root@node187 opt]# ip addr | grep 192.168 inet 192.168.51.187/24 brd 192.168.51.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic enp0s3 节点二 [root@node226 ~]# ip addr | grep 192.168 inet 192.168.51.226/24 brd 192.168.51.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic enp0s3 inet 192.168.51.170/32 scope global enp0s3 [root@node226 ~]# ps -ef|grep keepalived root 18963 1 0 10:36 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived -D root 18964 18963 0 10:36 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived -D root 18965 18963 0 10:36 ? 00:00:00 /usr/local/keepalived/sbin/keepalived -D root 20988 17221 0 10:44 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto keepalived [root@node226 ~]# ps -ef|grep mysql root 18594 1 0 10:36 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh /home/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/home/mysql/data --pid-file=/home/mysql/data/node226.pid mysql 18917 18594 0 10:36 ? 00:00:00 /home/mysql/bin/mysqld --basedir=/home/mysql --datadir=/home/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/home/mysql/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/home/mysql/log/mysqld.log --pid-file=/home/mysql/data/node226.pid --socket=/home/mysql/mysql.sock --port=3306 root 21004 17221 0 10:44 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql- 1
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(3)重新开启mysql和keepalived 需要先开启mysql,keepalived才能顺利启动
五、遇到的问题及解决方法
1.描述: 因为没有路径也没有权限，所以创建此路径并授权给mysql用户
[root@node226 mysql]# service mysqld start Starting MySQL.2020-12-17T08:53:50.054618Z mysqld_safe error: log-error set to '/home/mysql/log/mysqld.log', however file don't exists. Create writable for user 'mysql'. ?ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/home/mysql/data/node226.pid).- 1
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解决方法: 创建log目录, 并进行授权
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2.报错
[root@node187 mysql]# systemctl status mysqld.service ● mysqld.service - LSB: start and stop MySQL Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld; bad; vendor preset: disabled) Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since 五 2020-12-18 12:29:39 CST; 50min ago Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8) Process: 19580 ExecStop=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld stop (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Process: 21732 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE) 12月 18 12:27:56 node187 systemd[1]: Starting LSB: start and stop MySQL... 12月 18 12:28:29 node187 mysqld[21732]: Starting MySQL................................./etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld: 行 146: 22117 已杀死 sleep 1 12月 18 12:29:39 node187 systemd[1]: mysqld.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1 12月 18 12:29:39 node187 mysqld[21732]: ..................................................................... ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/home/mysql/d...mysqld.pid). 12月 18 12:29:39 node187 systemd[1]: Failed to start LSB: start and stop MySQL. 12月 18 12:29:39 node187 systemd[1]: Unit mysqld.service entered failed state. 12月 18 12:29:39 node187 systemd[1]: mysqld.service failed. Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.- 1
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解决方法:
加入配置 [mysqld_safe] log-error=/home/mysql/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/home/mysql/data/mysqld.pid- 1
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3.描述: 安装keepalived时报错
configure: error: !!! OpenSSL is not properly installed on your system. !!! !!! Can not include OpenSSL headers files. !!! [root@node226 keepalived-1.3.5]# make && make install make: *** 没有指明目标并且找不到 makefile。 停止。- 1
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解决方法:安装openssl-devel
yum -y install openssl-devel- 1
4.描述: 通过VIP无法访问mysql服务
[root@node226 keepalived-1.3.5]# mysql -uroot -proot -h192.168.51.170 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. ERROR 2003 (HY000): Can't connect to MySQL server on '192.168.51.170' (113)- 1
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解决方法: 经排查,发现网卡类型设置错误, 通过ifconfig确认网卡类型, 修改keepalived配置文件的网卡类型, 修改后重启访问成功.
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- 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/m0_67403073/article/details/126326789