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活动地址：CSDN21天学习挑战赛

一、安装MongoDB数据库

pip install pymongo
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二、MongoDB数据操纵

1、连接MongoDB

from pymongo import MongoClient


def mongodb_init01():
    # host+port方式
    client = MongoClient('127.0.0.1', port=27017)
    print(client)


def mongodb_init02():
    #mongodb://{}:{} .format方式
    uri = "mongodb://{}:{}".format('127.0.0.1', 27017)
    client = MongoClient(uri)
    print(client)


def mongodb_init03():
    #mongodb://host:prot方式
    client = MongoClient('mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/')
    print(client)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    mongodb_init01()
    mongodb_init02()
    mongodb_init03()

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2、数据库操作

注意：

database_names、collection_names 在Python3.7之后改为list_xxx
数据库和集合只有插入数据才会创建

1）插入单条数据

from pymongo import MongoClient
def mongodb_init():
    # host+port方式
    client = MongoClient('127.0.0.1', port=27017)

    # 查询所有数据库
    database_list = client.list_database_names()
    print(database_list)

    # 判断数据库是否存在
    if 'test001' in database_list:
        print("数据库存在")
    else:
        print('数据库不存在')

    # 使用当前数据库 use database一样
    test_database = client.test001
    print(test_database)

    # 创建新的数据库
    new_database = client.test001
    print(new_database)

    new_collection = new_database.test001

    new_data = new_collection.insert_one({"name": "天天", "age": 22})
    print(new_data)

    # 删除数据
    # client.drop_database('test001')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    mongodb_init()

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• 在MongoDB shell里面操作
  

2）插入多条数据

from pymongo import MongoClient
def mongodb_init():
    # host+port方式
    client = MongoClient('127.0.0.1', port=27017)

    # 创建新的数据库
    new_database = client.test001
    #创建新的集合
    new_collection = new_database.test001

    data = [
        {"name": "张飞", "hometown": "蜀国", "age": 30, "sex": "男"},
        {"name": "关羽", "hometown": "蜀国", "age": 40, "sex": "男"},
        {"name": "刘备", "hometown": "蜀国", "age": 50, "sex": "男"},
        {"name": "曹操", "hometown": "魏国", "age": 45, "sex": "男"},
        {"name": "司马懿", "hometown": "魏国", "age": 45, "sex": "男"},
        {"name": "孙权", "hometown": "吴国", "age": 50, "sex": "男"},
        {"name": "貂蝉", "hometown": "未知", "age": 18, "sex": "女"},
        {"name": "西施", "hometown": "越国", "age": 18, "sex": "女"},
        {"name": "王昭君", "hometown": "西汉", "age": 18, "sex": "女"},
        {"name": "杨玉环", "hometown": "唐朝", "age": 18, "sex": "女"}
    ]
    # 插入多条数据
    data = new_collection.insert_many(data)
    print(data)
if __name__ == '__main__':
    mongodb_init()


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结果：

{ "_id" : ObjectId("62f321c0c8896586fed57929"), "name" : "张飞", "hometown" : "蜀国", "age" : 30, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62f321c0c8896586fed5792a"), "name" : "关羽", "hometown" : "蜀国", "age" : 40, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62f321c0c8896586fed5792b"), "name" : "刘备", "hometown" : "蜀国", "age" : 50, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62f321c0c8896586fed5792c"), "name" : "曹操", "hometown" : "魏国", "age" : 45, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62f321c0c8896586fed5792d"), "name" : "司马懿", "hometown" : "魏国", "age" : 45, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62f321c0c8896586fed5792e"), "name" : "孙权", "hometown" : "吴国", "age" : 50, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62f321c0c8896586fed5792f"), "name" : "貂蝉", "hometown" : "未知", "age" : 18, "sex" : "女" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62f321c0c8896586fed57930"), "name" : "西施", "hometown" : "越国", "age" : 18, "sex" : "女" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62f321c0c8896586fed57931"), "name" : "王昭君", "hometown" : "西汉", "age" : 18, "sex" : "女" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62f321c0c8896586fed57932"), "name" : "杨玉环", "hometown" : "唐朝", "age" : 18, "sex" : "女" }
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3）指定id插入数据

from pymongo import MongoClient


def mongodb_init():
    # host+port方式
    client = MongoClient('127.0.0.1', port=27017)

    # 创建新的数据库
    new_database = client.test001
    # 创建新的集合
    new_collection = new_database.test001

    data = [
        {"_id": 1, "name": "张飞", "hometown": "蜀国", "age": 30, "sex": "男"},
        {"_id": 2, "name": "关羽", "hometown": "蜀国", "age": 40, "sex": "男"},
        {"_id": 3, "name": "刘备", "hometown": "蜀国", "age": 50, "sex": "男"},
        {"_id": 4, "name": "曹操", "hometown": "魏国", "age": 45, "sex": "男"},
        {"_id": 5, "name": "司马懿", "hometown": "魏国", "age": 45, "sex": "男"},
        {"_id": 6, "name": "孙权", "hometown": "吴国", "age": 50, "sex": "男"},
        {"_id": 7, "name": "貂蝉", "hometown": "未知", "age": 18, "sex": "女"},
        {"_id": 8, "name": "西施", "hometown": "越国", "age": 18, "sex": "女"},
        {"_id": 9, "name": "王昭君", "hometown": "西汉", "age": 18, "sex": "女"},
        {"_id": 10, "name": "杨玉环", "hometown": "唐朝", "age": 18, "sex": "女"}
    ]
    # 插入多条数据
    data = new_collection.insert_many(data)
    print(data)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    mongodb_init()

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结果：

{ "_id" : 1, "name" : "张飞", "hometown" : "蜀国", "age" : 30, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : 2, "name" : "关羽", "hometown" : "蜀国", "age" : 40, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : 3, "name" : "刘备", "hometown" : "蜀国", "age" : 50, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : 4, "name" : "曹操", "hometown" : "魏国", "age" : 45, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : 5, "name" : "司马懿", "hometown" : "魏国", "age" : 45, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : 6, "name" : "孙权", "hometown" : "吴国", "age" : 50, "sex" : "男" }
{ "_id" : 7, "name" : "貂蝉", "hometown" : "未知", "age" : 18, "sex" : "女" }
{ "_id" : 8, "name" : "西施", "hometown" : "越国", "age" : 18, "sex" : "女" }
{ "_id" : 9, "name" : "王昭君", "hometown" : "西汉", "age" : 18, "sex" : "女" }
{ "_id" : 10, "name" : "杨玉环", "hometown" : "唐朝", "age" : 18, "sex" : "女" }
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4）查询数据

• 普通查询

查询一条数据：集合.fond_one、
查询所有数据：集合.fond()
和SQL使用一样

from pymongo import MongoClient


def mongodb_init():
    # host+port方式
    client = MongoClient('127.0.0.1', port=27017)

    # 创建新的数据库
    new_database = client.test001
    # 创建新的集合
    new_collection = new_database.test001

    # 查询一条数据
    i = new_collection.find_one()
    print(i)
    print('=' * 20)
    # 查询所有数据
    for i in new_collection.find():
        print(i)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    mongodb_init()

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• 根据条件查询

‘_id’ = 0时(不显示当前数据) name、age、sex三个参数的值同时必须为0或1，三个参数为0数据取反，1时为显示

‘_id’ = 1时(显示当前数据) name、age、sex三个参数为0时数据取反，1时为显示

5）指定条件查询

from pymongo import MongoClient


def mongodb_init():
    # host+port方式
    client = MongoClient('127.0.0.1', port=27017)

    # 创建新的数据库
    new_database = client.test001
    # 创建新的集合
    new_collection = new_database.test001

    # 查询所有数据
    for i in new_collection.find({'name': "天天", 'age': 22}):
        print(i)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    mongodb_init()

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6）正则表达式查询

{“字段名(key)”: {“$regex”:“正则表达式条件”}}

from pymongo import MongoClient


def mongodb_init():
    # host+port方式
    client = MongoClient('127.0.0.1', port=27017)

    # 创建新的数据库
    new_database = client.test001
    # 创建新的集合
    new_collection = new_database.test001

    # 查询所有数据
    for i in new_collection.find({"name": {"$regex": "^曹"}}):
        print(i)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    mongodb_init()

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7）限定显示条数limit()

limit(限定整数)

8）修改数据

修改一条数据：update_one
修改多条数据：update_many --操作雷同
匹配多条数据也只会修改最优先查询到的一条数据
把age=22修改为25
注意：“$set”运算符将字段的值替换为指定的值。如果该字段不存在，则“$set” 将添加具有指定值的新字段，前提是新字段不违反类型约束。

from pymongo import MongoClient


def mongodb_init():
    # host+port方式
    client = MongoClient('127.0.0.1', port=27017)

    # 创建新的数据库
    new_database = client.test001
    # 创建新的集合
    new_collection = new_database.test001

    # 修改一条数据
    old_data = {"name": "天天", "age": 22}
    new_data = {"$set": {"name": "天天", "age": 25}}

    one_data = new_collection.update_one(old_data, new_data)

    for i in new_collection.find():
        print(i)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    mongodb_init()

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9）删除数据

删除一条数据：delete_one
删除所有数据：delete_many --操作雷同

from pymongo import MongoClient


def mongodb_init():
    # host+port方式
    client = MongoClient('127.0.0.1', port=27017)

    # 创建新的数据库
    new_database = client.test001
    # 创建新的集合
    new_collection = new_database.test001

    # 修改一条数据
    old_data = {"name": "天天", "age": 25}

    new_collection.delete_one(old_data)

    for i in new_collection.find():
        print(i)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    mongodb_init()

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10）删除集合

drop()

from pymongo import MongoClient


def mongodb_init():
    # host+port方式
    client = MongoClient('127.0.0.1', port=27017)

    # 创建新的数据库
    new_database = client.test001
    # 创建新的集合
    new_collection = new_database.test001

    new_collection.drop()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    mongodb_init()

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结果：

> show tables
test001
> db.test001.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("62f336eff1da83d5762638c8"), "name" : "天天", "age" : 22 }
> db.test001.find()
> show tables
> show databases
admin         0.000GB
config        0.000GB
local         0.000GB
new_database  0.000GB
>
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11）sort排序

默认是升序 或者指定1，-1是降序

• 升序
  
• 降序
  

from pymongo import MongoClient


def mongodb_init():
    # host+port方式
    client = MongoClient('127.0.0.1', port=27017)

    # 创建新的数据库
    new_database = client.test001
    # 创建新的集合
    new_collection = new_database.test001

    for i in new_collection.find().sort("age",-1):
        print(i)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    mongodb_init()

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注意：MongoDB安装完成后尽快设置账号密码，测试可以先不用配置，测试方便