针对线程Thread对象不具有返回值的功能,但是有请求需要线程返回值,所以需要用到Callable和Future来让线程具有返回值的功能。
Callable接口与线程密不可分,但是和Runnable有以下主要的区别是
Callable接口的call()方法可以有返回值,而Runnable接口的run()方法没有返回值。
Callable接口的call()方法可以声明抛出异常,而Runnable接口的run()方法不可以声明抛出异常。
执行完Callable接口中的任务后,返回值是通过Future接口进行获取。
线程执行代码如下:
- public class TheCallable implements Callable<String> {
- private int number;
-
- public TheCallable(int number){
- super();
- this.number=number;
- }
-
- @Override
- public String call() throws Exception {
- Thread.sleep(5000);
- return "返回值:"+number;
- }
- }
运行类代码如下:
- @Slf4j
- public class CallableRun {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- TheCallable theCallable = new TheCallable(18);
- ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(2, 3, 10, TimeUnit.SECONDS, new LinkedBlockingQueue<>());
- Future<String> future = threadPoolExecutor.submit(theCallable);
- try {
- log.info("开始时间:{}",System.currentTimeMillis());
- log.info("线程 "+future.get());
- log.info("结束时间:{}",System.currentTimeMillis());
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (ExecutionException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
-
- }
- }
运行结果如下:
17:09:57.944 [main] INFO com.ozx.concurrentprogram.executor.controller.CallableRun - 开始时间:1659344997940
17:10:02.942 [main] INFO com.ozx.concurrentprogram.executor.controller.CallableRun - 线程 返回值:18
17:10:02.943 [main] INFO com.ozx.concurrentprogram.executor.controller.CallableRun - 结束时间:1659345002943
从运行结果看出future调用get()是阻塞的,get()方法具有阻塞特性。
ExecutorService使用submit提交Runnable任务
方法submit()可以传入Callable对象,也可以传入Runnable对象,说明submit()方法支持有返回值和无返回值的功能。
运行类代码如下:
- @Slf4j
- public class RunnableRun {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {
- @Override
- public void run() {
- SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss");
- log.info("Runnable 输出的内容:{}",simpleDateFormat.format(new Date()));
- }
- };
-
- ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
- Future future = executorService.submit(runnable);
- try {
- log.info("任务返回值:{},执行isDone方法结果:{}",future.get(),future.isDone());
- } catch (InterruptedException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- } catch (ExecutionException e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
-
- }
- }
运行结果如下:
17:31:37.704 [pool-1-thread-1] INFO com.ozx.concurrentprogram.executor.controller.RunnableRun - Runnable 输出的内容:17:31:37
17:31:37.715 [main] INFO com.ozx.concurrentprogram.executor.controller.RunnableRun - 任务返回值:null,执行isDone方法结果:true
从运行结果看出submit()方法传入Callable接口则有返回值,但是传入Runnable则无返回值,执行任务的返回值为null,之前验证过方法get()是具有阻塞特性,而isDone()方法是无阻塞特性。