请求DNS查找的host命令示例

host命令是一个用于执行域名到IP地址转换的DNS查找的命令行工具。它页可以用于列出和验证各种类型DNS记录，诸如NS和MX，测试和验证ISP DNS服务器和互联网连接性，垃圾邮寄和将记录列入黑名单，探测和排错DNS服务器问题等。

我们将在这里用一些有用示例学习如何在Linux中使用host命令执行DNS查找。

以下描述了13个host命令的示例。

这是你能够运行的最简单的host命令，只要提供一个诸如baidu.com的域名来获取相关联的IP地址。

[blctrl@rockygu ~]$ host baidu.com
baidu.com has address 39.156.66.10
baidu.com has address 110.242.68.66
baidu.com mail is handled by 15 mx.n.shifen.com.
baidu.com mail is handled by 20 usmx01.baidu.com.
baidu.com mail is handled by 20 jpmx.baidu.com.
baidu.com mail is handled by 20 mx50.baidu.com.
baidu.com mail is handled by 10 mx.maillb.baidu.com.
baidu.com mail is handled by 20 mx1.baidu.com.

 查找域名服务器

使用-t选项查找域名服务器

[blctrl@rockygu ~]$ host -t ns baidu.com
baidu.com name server ns3.baidu.com.
baidu.com name server ns2.baidu.com.
baidu.com name server ns4.baidu.com.
baidu.com name server dns.baidu.com.
baidu.com name server ns7.baidu.com.

查找域CNAME记录

要查找域CNAME，运行。

[blctrl@rockygu ~]$ host -t cname mail.baidu.com
mail.baidu.com is an alias for mail.maillb.baidu.com.

查找域MX记录

为一个域查找MX记录

[blctrl@rockygu ~]$ host -n -t mx baidu.com
baidu.com mail is handled by 20 jpmx.baidu.com.
baidu.com mail is handled by 15 mx.n.shifen.com.
baidu.com mail is handled by 10 mx.maillb.baidu.com.
baidu.com mail is handled by 20 mx1.baidu.com.
baidu.com mail is handled by 20 usmx01.baidu.com.
baidu.com mail is handled by 20 mx50.baidu.com.

查找域TXT记录

为一个域查找TXT记录

[blctrl@rockygu ~]$ host -t txt baidu.com
baidu.com descriptive text "v=spf1 include:spf1.baidu.com include:spf2.baidu.com include:spf3.baidu.com include:spf4.baidu.com a mx ptr -all"
baidu.com descriptive text "google-site-verification=GHb98-6msqyx_qqjGl5eRatD3QTHyVB6-xQ3gJB5UwM"
baidu.com descriptive text "_globalsign-domain-verification=qjb28W2jJSrWj04NHpB0CvgK9tle5JkOq-EcyWBgnE"

查找域SOA记录

使用-C标记从对应那个区的所有列出的权威名称服务器，你可以使得host尝试显示指定区的SOA记录。

[blctrl@rockygu ~]$ host -C baidu.com
Nameserver 112.80.248.64:
        baidu.com has SOA record dns.baidu.com. sa.baidu.com. 2012145588 300 300 2592000 7200
Nameserver 110.242.68.134:
        baidu.com has SOA record dns.baidu.com. sa.baidu.com. 2012145588 300 300 2592000 7200
Nameserver 220.181.33.31:
        baidu.com has SOA record dns.baidu.com. sa.baidu.com. 2012145588 300 300 2592000 7200
Nameserver 180.76.76.92:
        baidu.com has SOA record dns.baidu.com. sa.baidu.com. 2012145588 300 300 2592000 7200
Nameserver 14.215.178.80:
        baidu.com has SOA record dns.baidu.com. sa.baidu.com. 2012145588 300 300 2592000 7200

查询特定名称服务器

要查询特定的域名服务器

[blctrl@rockygu ~]$ host baidu.com ns2.baidu.com
Using domain server:
Name: ns2.baidu.com
Address: 220.181.33.31#53
Aliases:
 
baidu.com has address 110.242.68.66
baidu.com has address 39.156.66.10
baidu.com mail is handled by 10 mx.maillb.baidu.com.
baidu.com mail is handled by 15 mx.n.shifen.com.
baidu.com mail is handled by 20 mx1.baidu.com.
baidu.com mail is handled by 20 jpmx.baidu.com.
baidu.com mail is handled by 20 mx50.baidu.com.
baidu.com mail is handled by 20 usmx01.baidu.com.

查找域记录和区的所有信息

要查询类型ANY，使用-a选项，其等价于设置了-v选项。

[blctrl@rockygu ~]$ host -a baidu.com
Trying "baidu.com"
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 14087
;; flags: qr aa rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0
 
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;baidu.com.                     IN      ANY
 
;; ANSWER SECTION:
baidu.com.              3600    IN      HINFO   "RFC8482" ""
 
Received 48 bytes from 100.100.2.136#53 in 0 ms

获取域TTL信息

查找域TTL信息

[blctrl@rockygu ~]$ host -v -t a baidu.com
Trying "baidu.com"
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 42180
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0
 
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;baidu.com.                     IN      A
 
;; ANSWER SECTION:
baidu.com.              510     IN      A       110.242.68.66
baidu.com.              510     IN      A       39.156.66.10
 
Received 59 bytes from 100.100.2.136#53 in 0 ms

使用IPv4或IPv6

-4或-6选项使得host各自只使用IPv4或IPv6查询传输。

[blctrl@rockygu ~]$ host -4 baidu.com
baidu.com has address 39.156.66.10
baidu.com has address 110.242.68.66
baidu.com mail is handled by 20 mx50.baidu.com.
baidu.com mail is handled by 10 mx.maillb.baidu.com.
baidu.com mail is handled by 20 mx1.baidu.com.
baidu.com mail is handled by 15 mx.n.shifen.com.
baidu.com mail is handled by 20 jpmx.baidu.com.
baidu.com mail is handled by 20 usmx01.baidu.com.
[blctrl@rockygu ~]$ host -6 baidu.com
;; connection timed out; no servers could be reached

为查询设置UDP重试次数

默认，UDP尝试次数是1，要更改它，使用-R标记。

[blctrl@rockygu ~]$ host -R 5 baidu.com
baidu.com has address 110.242.68.66
baidu.com has address 39.156.66.10
baidu.com mail is handled by 20 jpmx.baidu.com.
baidu.com mail is handled by 20 usmx01.baidu.com.
baidu.com mail is handled by 10 mx.maillb.baidu.com.
baidu.com mail is handled by 20 mx1.baidu.com.
baidu.com mail is handled by 15 mx.n.shifen.com.
baidu.com mail is handled by 20 mx50.baidu.com.

设置查询的等待响应时间

使用-W选项，你可以设置host等待一个响应指定时间并且如果使用了-w标记，它使得host一直等待一个响应：

[blctrl@rockygu ~]$ host -T -W 10 baidu.com
baidu.com has address 39.156.66.10
baidu.com has address 110.242.68.66
baidu.com mail is handled by 20 mx50.baidu.com.
baidu.com mail is handled by 20 usmx01.baidu.com.
baidu.com mail is handled by 20 mx1.baidu.com.
baidu.com mail is handled by 10 mx.maillb.baidu.com.
baidu.com mail is handled by 20 jpmx.baidu.com.
baidu.com mail is handled by 15 mx.n.shifen.com.