【云原生之k8s】KubeSphere介绍及安装

KubeSphere是打造一个以Kubernetes为内核的云原生分布式操作系统。它的架构可以非常方便地使第三方应用与云原生生态组件进行即插即用（plug-and-play）的集成，支持云原生应用在多云与多集群的统一分发和运维管理。
KubeSphere是个全栈的Kubernetes容器云PasS解决方案
KubeSphere 是在 Kubernetes 之上构建的以应用为中心的多租户容器平台，提供全栈的 IT 自动化运维的能力，简化企业的 DevOps 工作流。KubeSphere 提供了运维友好的向导式操作界面，帮助企业快速构建一个强大和功能丰富的容器云平台。

我的个人理解：

KubeSphere是个容器云平台，即PaaS平台，而Kubernetes是个容器编排系统，二者不一样。而在DevOps时代，我们以Kubernetes为核心的技术展开，所以说KubeSphere是以Kubernetes为内核的，这就像Linux操作系统的内核一样，Linux操作系统依赖于内核，一样重要。但这并不能说明，KubeSphere只能基于Kubernetes去搭建，KubeSphere也能部署在裸机（虚拟机）中。
KubeSphere整体来说是一个能够灵活组合云原生应用的一个平台，在这个平台里，可以把其它云原生应用当成个插件来使用，比如：DevOps中的：Jenkins，也集成了Service mesh的应用，比如：Istio。这也就是所说的即插即用，这对于运维人员行。
KubeSphere可以简单的理解为是Kubernetes的dashboard，但是KubeSphere不仅仅只满足于dashboard功能，并且可以实现众多复杂的功能。

二、安装KubeSphere（v3.1.1）

安装KubeSphere最好的方法就是参考官方文档，而且官方文档是中文的。
官网地址：https://kubesphere.com.cn/

1、安装环境说明

具备好一个最基本Kubernetes平台。
注：如果没有安装kubernetes平台请参考文档：
https://blog.csdn.net/m0_57776598/article/details/124043624
如果使用v1.20.9版本的话，使用就参考雷神老师的文档和镜像仓库：
https://www.yuque.com/leifengyang/oncloud/gz1sls

2、安装并配置NFS存储

根据官方文档要求，在安装，KubeSphere之前，Kubernetes平台上需要有个默认的StorageClass类资源，也就是默认存储，提到StorageClass类资源，我们就要想到PV，PVC，这里的StorageClass类资源不再是传统的手动创建PV，PVC了，而是采用动态的方式绑定存储，比如：我写个PVC文件，底层会自动匹配相应的PV（如果没有对应的PV，则自动创建）。但是这一切的前提都需要有个存储，因此我们用NFS来实现。

这里以master节点为NFS服务器

2.1 安装nfs-server（所有节点的操作）

yum install -y nfs-utils

2.2 授权存储目录（master）

echo "/nfs/data/ *(insecure,rw,sync,no_root_squash)" > /etc/exports

2.3 执行以下命令，启动 nfs 服务;创建共享目录

mkdir -p /nfs/data

2.4 在master节点执行


systemctl enable rpcbind
systemctl enable nfs-server
systemctl start rpcbind
systemctl start nfs-server

2.5 使配置生效

exportfs -r

检查配置是否生效


[root@k8s-master ~]# exportfs
/nfs/data

2.6 测试，在客户端


[root@node2 ~]# showmount -e 192.168.223.11
Export list for 192.168.223.11:
/nfs/data *

3、配置默认存储

上面说到我们是采用StorageClass抽象来动态创建PV，但是使用StorageClass有个前提，就是需要个存储分配器。StorageClass是通过存储分配器（provisioner）来分配PV的，但是Kubernetes官方内置的分配器并不支持NFS，所以需要额外安装NFS存储分配器。它以deployment运行。也就是说我们需要创建个deployment。
由于存储分配器在Kubernetes集群内部，存储分配器想要操控NFS分配空间，就需要和API Server交互，这属于集群内部Pod和API Server交互，因此我们还需要创建个ServiceAccount，然后在创建存储类（StorageClass），之后创建ClusterRole，ClusterRoleBinding，Role，RoleBinding等账号权限配置

以上就是我们配置默认存储所执行的步骤：创建StorageClass资源，创建ServiceAccount资源，创建deployment资源，创建ClusterRole，ClusterRoleBinding，Role，RoleBinding等权限资源。

3.1 执行如下yaml文件

vi sc.yaml


## 创建了一个存储类
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass                  #存储类的资源名称
metadata:
  name: nfs-storage                 #存储类的名称，自定义
  annotations:
    storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class: "true"          #注解，是否是默认的存储，注意：KubeSphere默认就需要个默认存储，因此这里注解要设置为“默认”的存储系统，表示为"true"，代表默认。
provisioner: k8s-sigs.io/nfs-subdir-external-provisioner         #存储分配器的名字，自定义
parameters:
  archiveOnDelete: "true"  ## 删除pv的时候，pv的内容是否要备份
 
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nfs-client-provisioner
  labels:
    app: nfs-client-provisioner
  # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
  namespace: default
spec:
  replicas: 1                 #只运行一个副本应用
  strategy:                   #描述了如何用新的POD替换现有的POD
    type: Recreate            #Recreate表示重新创建Pod
  selector:        #选择后端Pod
    matchLabels:
      app: nfs-client-provisioner
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nfs-client-provisioner
    spec:
      serviceAccountName: nfs-client-provisioner          #创建账户
      containers:
        - name: nfs-client-provisioner         
          image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images/nfs-subdir-external-provisioner:v4.0.2      #使用NFS存储分配器的镜像
          # resources:
          #    limits:
          #      cpu: 10m
          #    requests:
          #      cpu: 10m
          volumeMounts:
            - name: nfs-client-root           #定义个存储卷，
              mountPath: /persistentvolumes   #表示挂载容器内部的路径
          env:
            - name: PROVISIONER_NAME          #定义存储分配器的名称
              value: k8s-sigs.io/nfs-subdir-external-provisioner         #需要和上面定义的保持名称一致
            - name: NFS_SERVER                                       #指定NFS服务器的地址，你需要改成你的NFS服务器的IP地址
              value: 192.168.223.11 ## 指定自己nfs服务器地址
            - name: NFS_PATH                                
              value: /nfs/data  ## nfs服务器共享的目录            #指定NFS服务器共享的目录
      volumes:
        - name: nfs-client-root           #存储卷的名称，和前面定义的保持一致
          nfs:
            server: 192.168.223.11           #NFS服务器的地址，和上面保持一致，这里需要改为你的IP地址
            path: /nfs/data               #NFS共享的存储目录，和上面保持一致
--- 
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount                 #创建个SA账号
metadata:
  name: nfs-client-provisioner        #和上面的SA账号保持一致
  # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
  namespace: default
---
#以下就是ClusterRole，ClusterRoleBinding，Role，RoleBinding都是权限绑定配置，不在解释。直接复制即可。
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: nfs-client-provisioner-runner
rules:
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["persistentvolumes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "delete"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["persistentvolumeclaims"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "update"]
  - apiGroups: ["storage.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["storageclasses"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["events"]
    verbs: ["create", "update", "patch"]
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: run-nfs-client-provisioner
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nfs-client-provisioner
    # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
    namespace: default
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: nfs-client-provisioner-runner
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
---
kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner
  # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
  namespace: default
rules:
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["endpoints"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch", "create", "update", "patch"]
---
kind: RoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner
  # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
  namespace: default
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: nfs-client-provisioner
    # replace with namespace where provisioner is deployed
    namespace: default
roleRef:
  kind: Role
  name: leader-locking-nfs-client-provisioner
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io

以上文件，只需要改动两个部分：就是把两处的IP地址，改为自己的NFS服务器的IP地址，即可。

3.2 apply此Yaml文件，创建默认存储

kubectl apply -f sc.yaml

3.3 查看SC


[root@master ~]# kubectl get sc
NAME                    PROVISIONER                                   RECLAIMPOLICY   VOLUMEBINDINGMODE   ALLOWVOLUMEEXPANSION   AGE
nfs-storage (default)   k8s-sigs.io/nfs-subdir-external-provisioner   Delete          Immediate           false                  10h

3.4 查看Pod，其否正常启动

等到两分钟，如果还是Running，那说明一切正常


[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -A
NAMESPACE              NAME                                         READY   STATUS      RESTARTS        AGE
default                nfs-client-provisioner-65878c6456-hsxqf      1/1     Running     1 (35m ago)     10h

4、验证StorageClass存储类的效果

说明：上面说到采用StorageClass的方法，可以动态生成PV，上面我们已经创建好了StorageClass，下面我们在没有任何PV的情况下来创建个PVC，看看PVC是否能立即绑定到PV。如果能就说明成功自动创建了PV，并进行了绑定。

4.1 先查看是否有PV


[root@master ~]# kubectl get pv
No resources found

4.2 创建PVC


[root@master ~]# vi pvc.yaml 
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim         #创建PVC资源
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: nginx-pvc         #PVC的名称
spec:
  accessModes:            #定义对PV的访问模式，代表PV可以被多个PVC以读写模式挂载
    - ReadWriteMany
  resources:              #定义PVC资源的参数
    requests:             #设置具体资源需求
      storage: 200Mi      #表示申请200MI的空间资源
  storageClassName: nfs-storage          #指定存储类的名称，就指定上面创建的那个存储类。

4.3 apply此Yaml文件，并查看PVC的状态


[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f pvc.yaml 
persistentvolumeclaim/nginx-pvc created
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pvc
NAME        STATUS   VOLUME                                     CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   STORAGECLASS   AGE
nginx-pvc   Bound    pvc-33673033-f0e3-42f1-a0e7-69cbe0652e58   200Mi      RWX            nfs-storage    3s
#可以看到PVC成功显示Bound（绑定状态）

在查看下PV


[root@master ~]# kubectl get pv                #可以看到已经自动创建了PV，并且是200MI空间大小
NAME                                       CAPACITY   ACCESS MODES   RECLAIM POLICY   STATUS   CLAIM               STORAGECLASS   REASON   AGE
pvc-33673033-f0e3-42f1-a0e7-69cbe0652e58   200Mi      RWX            Delete           Bound    default/nginx-pvc   nfs-storage             53s

5、安装Metrics-Server

Metrics-Server简介：它是集群指标监控组件，用于和API Server交互，获取（采集）Kubernetes集群中各项指标数据的。有了它我们可以查看各个Pod，Node等其他资源的CPU，Mem（内存）使用情况。

为什么需要它？
开头的时候说过，KubeSphere可以充当Kubernetes的dashboard（可视化面板）因此KubeSphere要想获取Kubernetes的各项数据，就需要某个组件去提供给想数据，这个数据采集功能由Metrics-Server实现。

5.1 修改每个 API Server 的 kube-apiserver.yaml 配置开启 Aggregator Routing


[root@master ~]# vi /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
  annotations:
    kubeadm.kubernetes.io/kube-apiserver.advertise-address.endpoint: 192.168.9.10:6443
  creationTimestamp: null
  labels:
    component: kube-apiserver
    tier: control-plane
  name: kube-apiserver
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  containers:
  - command:
    - kube-apiserver
    - --advertise-address=192.168.9.10
    - --allow-privileged=true
    - --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC
    - --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.crt
    - --enable-admission-plugins=NodeRestriction
    - --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true
    - --enable-aggregator-routing=true         #添加此行，开启Aggregator Routing（聚合路由）
    - --etcd-cafile=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt
    ...

重启kubelet


systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart kubelet

5.2 安装所需的Yaml文件


vi components.yaml 
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
    rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-admin: "true"
    rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-edit: "true"
    rbac.authorization.k8s.io/aggregate-to-view: "true"
  name: system:aggregated-metrics-reader
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - metrics.k8s.io
  resources:
  - pods
  - nodes
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRole
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: system:metrics-server
rules:
- apiGroups:
  - ""
  resources:
  - pods
  - nodes
  - nodes/stats
  - namespaces
  - configmaps
  verbs:
  - get
  - list
  - watch
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server-auth-reader
  namespace: kube-system
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: extension-apiserver-authentication-reader
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server:system:auth-delegator
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:auth-delegator
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: system:metrics-server
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:metrics-server
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  ports:
  - name: https
    port: 443
    protocol: TCP
    targetPort: https
  selector:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: metrics-server
  namespace: kube-system
spec:
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: metrics-server
  strategy:
    rollingUpdate:
      maxUnavailable: 0
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: metrics-server
    spec:
      containers:
      - args:
        - --cert-dir=/tmp
        - --secure-port=4443
        - --kubelet-preferred-address-types=InternalIP       #删掉 ExternalIP,Hostname这两个，这里已经改好了
        - --kubelet-use-node-status-port
        - --kubelet-insecure-tls                             #加上该启动参数
        image: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/metrics-server:v0.4.1
        imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
        livenessProbe:
          failureThreshold: 3
          httpGet:
            path: /livez
            port: https
            scheme: HTTPS
          periodSeconds: 10
        name: metrics-server
        ports:
        - containerPort: 4443
          name: https
          protocol: TCP
        readinessProbe:
          failureThreshold: 3
          httpGet:
            path: /readyz
            port: https
            scheme: HTTPS
          periodSeconds: 10
        securityContext:
          readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
          runAsNonRoot: true
          runAsUser: 1000
        volumeMounts:
        - mountPath: /tmp
          name: tmp-dir
      nodeSelector:
        kubernetes.io/os: linux
      priorityClassName: system-cluster-critical
      serviceAccountName: metrics-server
      volumes:
      - emptyDir: {}
        name: tmp-dir
---
apiVersion: apiregistration.k8s.io/v1
kind: APIService
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: metrics-server
  name: v1beta1.metrics.k8s.io
spec:
  group: metrics.k8s.io
  groupPriorityMinimum: 100
  insecureSkipTLSVerify: true
  service:
    name: metrics-server
    namespace: kube-system
  version: v1beta1
  versionPriority: 100

5.3 拉取镜像

docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/metrics-server:v0.4.1

5.4 安装

kubectl apply -f components.yaml

5.5 查看Metrics Server服务状态


[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
...
metrics-server-7d594964f5-5xzwd   1/1     Running   0          4h2m
...

5.6 执行以下命令，检查节点占用性能情况


[root@master ~]# kubectl top nodes
NAME     CPU(cores)   CPU%   MEMORY(bytes)   MEMORY%   
master   198m         4%     1253Mi          34%       
node1    123m         6%     1005Mi          58%       
node2    81m          4%     947Mi           55%   
#说明Metrics-Server正常运行

6、安装KubeSphere

6.1 下载核心文件


wget https://github.com/kubesphere/ks-installer/releases/download/v3.1.1/kubesphere-installer.yaml
wget https://github.com/kubesphere/ks-installer/releases/download/v3.1.1/cluster-configuration.yaml

6.2 修改cluster-configuration集群配置

说明：从 2.1.0 版本开始，KubeSphere 解耦了一些核心功能组件。这些组件设计成了可插拔式，您可以在安装之前或之后启用它们。如果您不启用它们，KubeSphere 会默认以最小化进行安装部署。不同的可插拔组件部署在不同的命名空间中。
上面是官方解释为啥需要修改cluster-configuration集群配置。
其实修改cluster-configuration集群配置就是额外启用一些KubeSphere插件，比如：启用DevOps的相关插件，开启ectd的监控功能，开启告警功能…

在 cluster-configuration.yaml中指定我们需要开启的功能
参照官网“启用可插拔组件”
https://kubesphere.com.cn/docs/pluggable-components/overview/

修改如下：
我们重点是改动spec下的字段，遇见"false"改为"true"，但是几个不用改动，如下说明


vi cluster-configuration.yaml 
[root@master ~]# cat cluster-configuration.yaml 
---
apiVersion: installer.kubesphere.io/v1alpha1
kind: ClusterConfiguration
metadata:
  name: ks-installer
  namespace: kubesphere-system
  labels:
    version: v3.1.1
spec:
  persistence:
    storageClass: ""        #这里保持默认即可，因为偶们有了默认的存储类
  authentication:
    jwtSecret: ""           # Keep the jwtSecret consistent with the Host Cluster. Retrieve the jwtSecret by executing "kubectl -n kubesphere-system get cm kubesphere-config -o yaml | grep -v "apiVersion" | grep jwtSecret" on the Host Cluster.
  local_registry: ""        # Add your private registry address if it is needed.
  etcd:                    
    monitoring: true       # 改为"true"，表示开启etcd的监控功能
    endpointIps: 192.168.9.10  # 改为自己的master节点IP地址
    port: 2379              # etcd port.
    tlsEnable: true
  common:
    redis:
      enabled: true         #改为"true"，开启redis功能
    openldap: 
      enabled: true         #改为"true"，开启轻量级目录协议
    minioVolumeSize: 20Gi # Minio PVC size.
    openldapVolumeSize: 2Gi   # openldap PVC size.
    redisVolumSize: 2Gi # Redis PVC size.
    monitoring:
      # type: external   # Whether to specify the external prometheus stack, and need to modify the endpoint at the next line.
      endpoint: http://prometheus-operated.kubesphere-monitoring-system.svc:9090 # Prometheus endpoint to get metrics data.
    es:   # Storage backend for logging, events and auditing.
      # elasticsearchMasterReplicas: 1   # The total number of master nodes. Even numbers are not allowed.
      # elasticsearchDataReplicas: 1     # The total number of data nodes.
      elasticsearchMasterVolumeSize: 4Gi   # The volume size of Elasticsearch master nodes.
      elasticsearchDataVolumeSize: 20Gi    # The volume size of Elasticsearch data nodes.
      logMaxAge: 7                     # Log retention time in built-in Elasticsearch. It is 7 days by default.
      elkPrefix: logstash              # The string making up index names. The index name will be formatted as ks--log.
      basicAuth:
        enabled: false          #此处的"false"不用改为"true",这个标识在开启监控功能之后是否要连接ElasticSearch的账户和密码，此处不用
        username: ""
        password: ""
      externalElasticsearchUrl: ""
      externalElasticsearchPort: ""
  console:
    enableMultiLogin: true  # Enable or disable simultaneous logins. It allows different users to log in with the same account at the same time.
    port: 30880
  alerting:                # (CPU: 0.1 Core, Memory: 100 MiB) It enables users to customize alerting policies to send messages to receivers in time with different time intervals and alerting levels to choose from.
    enabled: true         # 改为"true"，开启告警功能
    # thanosruler:
    #   replicas: 1
    #   resources: {}
  auditing:                
    enabled: true         #  改为"true"，开启审计功能
  devops:                  # (CPU: 0.47 Core, Memory: 8.6 G) Provide an out-of-the-box CI/CD system based on Jenkins, and automated workflow tools including Source-to-Image & Binary-to-Image.
    enabled: true             # 改为"true"，开启DevOps功能
    jenkinsMemoryLim: 2Gi      # Jenkins memory limit.
    jenkinsMemoryReq: 1500Mi   # Jenkins memory request.
    jenkinsVolumeSize: 8Gi     # Jenkins volume size.
    jenkinsJavaOpts_Xms: 512m  # The following three fields are JVM parameters.
    jenkinsJavaOpts_Xmx: 512m
    jenkinsJavaOpts_MaxRAM: 2g
  events:                  # Provide a graphical web console for Kubernetes Events exporting, filtering and alerting in multi-tenant Kubernetes clusters.
    enabled: true         # 改为"true"，开启集群的事件功能
    ruler:
      enabled: true
      replicas: 2
  logging:                 # (CPU: 57 m, Memory: 2.76 G) Flexible logging functions are provided for log query, collection and management in a unified console. Additional log collectors can be added, such as Elasticsearch, Kafka and Fluentd.
    enabled: true        # 改为"true"，开启日志功能
    logsidecar:
      enabled: true
      replicas: 2
  metrics_server:                    # (CPU: 56 m, Memory: 44.35 MiB) It enables HPA (Horizontal Pod Autoscaler).
    enabled: false                   # 这个不用修改，因为在上卖弄我们已经安装过了，如果这里开启，镜像是官方的，会拉取镜像失败
  monitoring:
    storageClass: ""                 
    # prometheusReplicas: 1          # Prometheus replicas are responsible for monitoring different segments of data source and providing high availability.
    prometheusMemoryRequest: 400Mi   # Prometheus request memory.
    prometheusVolumeSize: 20Gi       # Prometheus PVC size.
    # alertmanagerReplicas: 1          # AlertManager Replicas.
  multicluster:
    clusterRole: none  # host | member | none  # You can install a solo cluster, or specify it as the Host or Member Cluster.
  network:
    networkpolicy: # Network policies allow network isolation within the same cluster, which means firewalls can be set up between certain instances (Pods).
      # Make sure that the CNI network plugin used by the cluster supports NetworkPolicy. There are a number of CNI network plugins that support NetworkPolicy, including Calico, Cilium, Kube-router, Romana and Weave Net.
      enabled: true # 改为"true"，开启网络策略
    ippool: # Use Pod IP Pools to manage the Pod network address space. Pods to be created can be assigned IP addresses from a Pod IP Pool.
      type: none #如果你的网络插件是calico，需要修改为"calico"，这里我是Flannel，保持默认。
    topology: # Use Service Topology to view Service-to-Service communication based on Weave Scope.
      type: none # Specify "weave-scope" for this field to enable Service Topology. "none" means that Service Topology is disabled.
  openpitrix: # An App Store that is accessible to all platform tenants. You can use it to manage apps across their entire lifecycle.
    store:
      enabled: true # 改为"true"，开启应用商店
  servicemesh:         # (0.3 Core, 300 MiB) Provide fine-grained traffic management, observability and tracing, and visualized traffic topology.
    enabled: true     # 改为"true"，开启微服务治理
  kubeedge:          # Add edge nodes to your cluster and deploy workloads on edge nodes.
    enabled: false   # 这个就不修改了，这个是边缘服务，我们也没有边缘的设备。
    cloudCore:
      nodeSelector: {"node-role.kubernetes.io/worker": ""}
      tolerations: []
      cloudhubPort: "10000"
      cloudhubQuicPort: "10001"
      cloudhubHttpsPort: "10002"
      cloudstreamPort: "10003"
      tunnelPort: "10004"
      cloudHub:
        advertiseAddress: # At least a public IP address or an IP address which can be accessed by edge nodes must be provided.
          - ""            # Note that once KubeEdge is enabled, CloudCore will malfunction if the address is not provided.
        nodeLimit: "100"
      service:
        cloudhubNodePort: "30000"
        cloudhubQuicNodePort: "30001"
        cloudhubHttpsNodePort: "30002"
        cloudstreamNodePort: "30003"
        tunnelNodePort: "30004"
    edgeWatcher:
      nodeSelector: {"node-role.kubernetes.io/worker": ""}
      tolerations: []
      edgeWatcherAgent:
        nodeSelector: {"node-role.kubernetes.io/worker": ""}
        tolerations: []

6.3 安装kubesphere并配置kubesphere（注意运行顺序）


kubectl apply -f kubesphere-installer.yaml
kubectl apply -f cluster-configuration.yaml

6.4 查看KubeSphere的状态


[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -A
...
kubesphere-system            ks-installer-54c6bcf76b-br9vq                   1/1     Running             0          41m
...

6.5 检查安装日志

使用如下命令可以查看kubesphere安装的日志


[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl logs -n kubesphere-system $(kubectl get pod -n kubesphere-system -l app=ks-install -o jsonpath='{.items[0].metadata.name}') -f
 
#显示结果：
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************
localhost                  : ok=31   changed=25   unreachable=0    failed=0    skipped=15   rescued=0    ignored=0 
 
#注意查看failed=0，失败=0即可。
#下面就等待估计20min
Start installing monitoring
Start installing multicluster
Start installing openpitrix
Start installing network
Start installing alerting
Start installing auditing
Start installing devops
Start installing events
Start installing kubeedge
Start installing logging
Start installing servicemesh
**************************************************
Waiting for all tasks to be completed ...
task multicluster status is successful  (1/11)
task network status is successful  (2/11)
task alerting status is successful  (3/11)
task openpitrix status is successful  (4/11)
task auditing status is successful  (5/11)
task logging status is successful  (6/11)
task events status is successful  (7/11)
task kubeedge status is successful  (8/11)
task devops status is successful  (9/11)
task monitoring status is successful  (10/11)
task servicemesh status is successful  (11/11)
**************************************************
Collecting installation results ...
#####################################################
###              Welcome to KubeSphere!           ###
#####################################################
 
Console: http://192.168.0.206:30880
Account: admin
Password: P@88w0rd
 
NOTES：
  1. After you log into the console, please check the
     monitoring status of service components in
     "Cluster Management". If any service is not
     ready, please wait patiently until all components 
     are up and running.
  2. Please change the default password after login.
 
#####################################################
https://kubesphere.io             2022-04-08 17:14:52
#####################################################
#出现如上信息表示安装KubeSphere行

7、解决Prometheus监控etcd找不到Secret的问题

7.1 安装好了KubeSphere之后查看相关Pod，会发现有两个Prometheus（监控服务）一直处于ContainerCreating，那这时我们就需要排查一下错误了，首先describe


[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl get pods -A
kubesphere-monitoring-system   prometheus-k8s-0                                   0/3     ContainerCreating   0          9m39s
kubesphere-monitoring-system   prometheus-k8s-1                                   0/3     ContainerCreating   0          9m39s

7.2 describe查看原因


[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl describe pods -n kubesphere-monitoring-system   prometheus-k8s-0
Warning  FailedMount       8m6s                   kubelet            Unable to attach or mount volumes: unmounted volumes=[secret-kube-etcd-client-certs], unattached volumes=[prometheus-k8s-db prometheus-k8s-rulefiles-0 secret-kube-etcd-client-certs prometheus-k8s-token-nzqs8 config config-out tls-assets]: timed out waiting for the condition
  Warning  FailedMount       3m34s (x2 over 5m51s)  kubelet            Unable to attach or mount volumes: unmounted volumes=[secret-kube-etcd-client-certs], unattached volumes=[config config-out tls-assets prometheus-k8s-db prometheus-k8s-rulefiles-0 secret-kube-etcd-client-certs prometheus-k8s-token-nzqs8]: timed out waiting for the condition
  Warning  FailedMount       115s (x12 over 10m)    kubelet            MountVolume.SetUp failed for volume "secret-kube-etcd-client-certs" : secret "kube-etcd-client-certs" not found
  Warning  FailedMount       80s                    kubelet            Unable to attach or mount volumes: unmounted volumes=[secret-kube-etcd-client-certs], unattached volumes=[tls-assets prometheus-k8s-db prometheus-k8s-rulefiles-0 secret-kube-etcd-client-certs prometheus-k8s-token-nzqs8 config config-out]: timed out waiting for the condition

说明：由于我们在cluster-configuration.yaml文件中开启了监控功能，但是Prometheus无法获取到etcd的证书，因为我们知道etcd是整个Kubernetes的核心，存放着重要的数据，因此需要有它的证书允许才能进行监控。

因此我们创建secret里面放证书即可：

[root@k8s-master ~]# kubectl -n kubesphere-monitoring-system create secret generic kube-etcd-client-certs  --from-file=etcd-client-ca.crt=/etc/kubernetes/pki/etcd/ca.crt  --from-file=etcd-client.crt=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-etcd-client.crt  --from-file=etcd-client.key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/apiserver-etcd-client.key

大概等个5分钟左右，再次查看，就Running了。

8、访问KubeSphere

在确保KubeSphere的相关插件都Running后，我们就能访问KubeSphere了（KubeSphere默认监听30880端口，如果是公有云环境需要注意安全组开放30880端口）：IP:30880
用户：admin
初始密码：P@88w0rd

更改密码

进入KubeSphere主界面

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原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45088125/article/details/126157021