| 类型 | 连接地址 |
|---|---|
| 非谓语动词 | 习题地址 |
To do 1. 表示目的/结果或将来 2. 动作发生在谓语之后
Doing 1.表示正在进行或一种状态/习惯 2.动作和谓语同时发生
Done 1.表示被动（主语和多余的动词之间为被动关系）/完成 2.动作发生在谓语之前
① 形式：to do 与 do
~~~~ help sb do see sb do watch sb do
~~~~ I would like to sing a song for you.
~~~~ 情态动词 / do / does / did + 动词原型（不带 to 的不定式）② 不定式的否定结构：not to do 或 not do
Try not to forget your key.
Be careful not to wake your mum.
You must not park in front of school.（注意这里的 park 是不定式）
注：do / does / did + not + 动词原型（这里的动词做谓语，并不是不定式）③ ☆☆☆ 不定式表目的，做目的状语
I turned on the TV to watch the news. 我打开电视看新闻
Jack went to paris to study music.④ 不定式作宾语
I hope to go to Cuba this year.
want to do
expect to do.⑤ 不定式作主语 谓语动词用单数
To see is to believe.
⑥ to do / doing
forget / remember to do / doing to .注意 to do 表示没做，doing 表示做了
start / begin / continue / prefer to do / doing 两者没区别
When did you start to learn / learning horse-riding?⑦ 动词 + 宾语 + to do
如： want sb to do. 这里 to do 补充说明前面的宾语 sb，宾语补足语
I want my brother to do all the cooking. 我想让我弟弟做全部家务
I would like you to listen to this song. 我想让你听首歌。
ask sb to do
expect sb to do
help sb to do
tell sb to do
注：靠平时积累⑧ 形式主语 + to do
To be here with you is nice. 外国表达习惯 “头轻脚重”，于是引入下面的形式
It is nice to be here with you. It 形式主语来代替后面真正的主语部分
It is important to remember our friends’names.⑨ 形容词 + to do
afraid、glad、happy、pleased、sad、surprised、unhappy
⑩ 形容词 + enough + to do
加深语气表示足够怎么样 …
Eric is old enough to drink tea. Eric 足够大了可以去喝茶了
John is not strong enough to carry that box. John 不够强壮以致于提不起那个箱子
John is too week to carry that box.
not … enough to do = too … to do 都是否定含义补充：不定代词 + to do
There’s nothing to eat in the fridge.
I have nowhere to go.
Would you like something to drink? 这里表达建议的时候用 something，不用 anything
① 动名词作主语,用单数
Smoking is bad for you.
Driving makes me tired.
Traveling takes a lot of my time.② 动词 + 动名词
keep、finish、stop、give up、go、can’t help、spend (in) doing、suggest、practice、enjoy
go shopping 、go fishing、go boating
I can’t help feeling sad.我忍不住感觉很难过
注：只需要靠阅读积累部分就行了，没遇到就算了，不需要去研究为什么放这用 to do ， 放哪儿用 doing 老外就是这样用的。③ 介词 + 动名词
I’m tired of remembering people’s names.
① 形式：done 大多数情况表被动
1. 对称原则:主语和表语对称
Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe.2. 做主语时
动名词做主语表示抽象的、经常性的动作
不定式表示具体的、某一次的动作。
Climbing mountains is interesting.
To climb this mountain will take us two hours.3.不定式做主语，一般用 it 当形式主语，而把不定式短语后置。
It will take us two hours to climb the mountain.
5.固定句型:
① It’s no use / no good / useless / worthwhile + doing …
~~~~ It is no good reading in dim light. 在暗淡的灯光下看书不好。
② It’s kind/wise/clever… of sb to do sth
~~~~ It is very kind of you to help us.
③ It’s important/necessary/hard …for sb to do sth
~~~~ It is very important for us to learn English well.我们学好英语很重要。6.不定式、动名词作宾语
He chose not to go home this weekend.
The manager desires to see you.
My mother dislikes seeing you with me.
He could hardly resist laughing.
He is fond of playing tennis.
注：动名词既可做动词宾语，也可做介词的宾语，而不定式只能做动词宾语。
7.不定式作表语（be to do):
① 按计划、趋势将要做的
~~~~ She is to get married next week.
② 有责任、义务必须做的
~~~~ I’m to see you off at the airport tomorrow
③ 祈使、命令不得不做的
~~~~ You’re to stand here ,do you understand ?
④ 命运安排,注定做的
~~~~ Disney met the mouse and he was to become a famous artist.2.动名词作表语表明主语的性质或内容（有时可与主语互换）
My job is teaching you English.
Teaching you English is my job.3.分词作表语表示主语的特点特征, 现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动和完成。
The book is interesting.
Skiing is more exciting than skating.
She felt confused, even frightened.
The guests are gone.
注：做表语的分词，其实很多已经转化为了形容词。
1. 动名词作定语表示被修饰词的用途
drinking water = the water that is (used) for drinking
drinking water, living room, sitting room, washing powder2. 分词作定语，表被修饰词的特点、特征，单个分词作定语前置,分词短语作定语放在所修饰词之后现在分词作定语表示正在进行和主动，过去分词作定语表示已经完成和被动。
boiling water 正在沸腾的水
boiled water 白开水（煮开过的水，可能是凉的）
a retired worker 一位退了休的工人分词短语做定语相当于省略了的定语从句：
① 现在分词与被修饰词之间具有主动关系：
~~~~ Due to the many changes taking place in our way of life, people’s way
of thinking has also changed a lot. = Due to the many changes which take place in…
② 过去分词与被修饰词之间是被动关系：
~~~~ Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. = Most of the people who were invited to the …
动词不定式作定语
1.后置，表示将来
This is the Hope Project School to be built next year.
2.不定式与其所修饰的词之间可能是主谓或动宾关系：
The train to arrive is from London.
I have a lot of work to do .
I want to get something to read .
Do you need some water to drink?3.当名词有特定的定语, 如形容词\副词的最高级,序数词及next, only, right等,其后接不定式作定语。
He is the first student to come and the last to leave.
Where is the best place to meet ?
We need the next room to hold corn.4.不定代词 something, nothing, little, much 等习惯上用不定式做定语。
There is nothing to worry about.
5.如果动词要求用不定式做宾语，则它们相应的名词一般也要用不定式做定语,如：
decide to do, wish to do
His wish to buy a car came true.
Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us.6.不及物动词构成的不定式做定语，要加上适当的介词，这里的介词不能省略。
I need a pen to write with.
1.不定式做状语，表示原因目的或结果。为了强调目的,可与 in order to 或 so as to 连用。
I reached home only to find my old dog dead .
He got up early to catch the early bus .
To improve our English, we come here.
I’m so glad to see you.
They went to the railway station, only to be told that the train had left.
注：only + 不定式”常表示出乎预料的结果.2.分词作状语可以表示时间、条件、原因、结果、伴随或方式，及独立成分。分词与逻辑主语的关系是主动的，用现在分词，反之，用过去分词。
Hearing the news, he couldn’t help laughing.（时间）
Given enough time, I can do it better. （条件）
Being ill, he didn’t go to school （原因）
The glass fell to the ground, breaking into pieces. (结果)
Our teacher came in, followed by many students (伴随）
Generally speaking, one must be confident.(独立成分)
有些动词只能接动名词做宾语，而有的只能接不定式做宾语，有的既可接动名词也可接不定式做宾语，但意义不同。
1.下列动词只能带动名词作宾语：
admit, allow, avoid, appreciate, consider, deny
enjoy, escape, finish, complete, forgive
keep, mind, miss, risk, resume, recall,
practise, prevent, resist, suggest, understand
be/get used to, devote oneself to,
look forward to, object to, prefer…to,
refer to, pay attention to, stick to, lead to
注：这些词组里的 to 为介词，而非不定式符号。2.下列动词只能接不定式作宾语：
afford ,agree ,attempt, aim, choose
decide, demand, desire, determine,
expect, fail, help, hope, learn, manage,
offer, plan, pretend, prepare, promise,
refuse, seem, tend, threaten, wish3.在一些动词后，可接不定式,也可接动名词做宾语，但含义有差别。
forget ,remember, regret + doing 表示动作已经发生；+ to do表动作未发生
want, need ,require + doing 表被动 = to be done
try doing 试着做; try to do 尽力做，想要做
stop doing 停止做某事
stop to do 停下来做另一件事
go on doing 继续做某事（前后是同一件事）
go on to do 接下来做某事(前后不是同一件事)
mean doing 意味着…,意思是…
mean to do 故意或想要做某事
can’t help doing sth 抑制不住、禁不住做某事
can’t help to do sth 不能帮忙做某事4.在 begin ,start ,continue 等词后可接不定式作宾语，也可接动名词作宾语，意义区别不大，但要注意：
① 这些动词本身是 -ing 形式时，其后要接不定式；
② 主语是物，多用不定式；
③ 其后的动词是表示情感的或与智力有关 的，不用 v-ing 形式,而要用不定式，如： know, realize, hate, love, understand , wonder, remember, forget5.非谓语动词做宾语补足语
可以接不定式做宾语补足语的动词常用的有：
ask, want, advise, allow, encourage, force,
forbid,like, order, permit, persuade, request,
require, tell, warn, urge, expect
这些词后均可接 + sb. to do sth. 的结构
Father will not allow us to play on the street.
My teacher advised me to do more exercises.6.常接分词做宾语补足语的动词有：
have，keep, get, find
see, hear, watch, notice etc.
I saw him working in the field yesterday.
He kept the water boiling.
I found my car missing.
I will have my watch repaired.
see, hear 等词 + sb. + do sth.与 + sb. + doing 的区别：
前者强调动作的真实性、完整性，后者强调动作的连续性、进行性。
I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 强调“我看见了”这个事实。
I saw him woking in the garden yesterday. 强调我见他正在干活这个动作。 非谓语动词作表语