【Harmony OS】【ARK UI】ets使用startAbility或startAbilityForResult方式调起Ability

今天学习一下怎么实现启动一个Ability文档讲解，主要分为“参考资料”“api讲解”,“运行效果”三个部分讲解，

1.参考资料

2.Api讲解

startAbility

参数

参数名	类型	必填	说明
parameter	StartAbilityParameter	是	启动参数。

返回值

类型	说明
Promise	Promise形式返回启动结果。错误码参考 StartAbilityCode

示例


  var str = {
        "want": {
            "deviceId": "",
            "bundleName": "",
            "abilityName": "",
            "uri": "",
            "type": "image/*",
            "options": {},
            "action": "",
            "parameters": {},
            "entities": [
                "entity.com.example.mytest.ENTITIES"
            ]
        },
        "abilityStartSetting": {}
};
featureAbility.startAbility(str)
.then((data) => {
    console.info('Operation successful. Data: ' + JSON.stringify(data))
}).catch((error) => {
    console.error('Operation failed. Cause: ' + JSON.stringify(error));
})

featureAbility.startAbilityForResult

startAbilityForResult(parameter: StartAbilityParameter, callback: AsyncCallback): void

以异步方法启动Ability并在结束的时候返回执行结果，使用callback形式返回结果。

参数：

参数名	类型	必填	说明
parameter	StartAbilityParameter	是	启动参数。
callback	AsyncCallback	是	callback形式返回结果

示例


var str = {
    "want": {
        "deviceId": "",
        "bundleName": "",
        "abilityName": "",
        "uri": "",
        "type": "",
        "action": "",
        "parameters": {},
        "entities": [
            "entity.com.example.mytest.ENTITIES"
        ]
    },
    "abilityStartSetting": {}
};
featureAbility.startAbilityForResult(str, (error, data) => {
    if (error) {
        console.error('Operation failed. Cause: ' + error);
        return;
    }
    console.info('Operation succeeded: ' + data);
});

补充说明

StartAbilityParameter

启动Ability所需参数。

名称	参数类型	可读	可写	说明
want	Want	是	是	启动Ability的want信息。
abilityStartSetting	{[key: string]: any}	是	是	表示能力的特殊属性，当开发者启动能力时，该属性可以作为调用中的输入参数传递。
taskSyncAnimationOptions	TaskSyncAnimationOptions	是	是	启动Ability时需要进行动画控制的特殊属性，当开发者希望控制启动Ability的动画时，请传入该参数，需要权限ohos.permission.CONTROL_TASK_SYNC_ANIMATOR。

Want

启动信息。

名称	参数类型	可读	可写	说明
deviceId	string	是	是	表示运行指定Ability的设备ID。
bundleName	string	是	是	表示包描述。如果在Want中同时指定了BundleName和AbilityName，则Want可以直接匹配到指定的Ability。
abilityName	string	是	是	表示待启动的Ability名称。如果在Want中同时指定了BundleName和AbilityName，则Want可以直接匹配到指定的Ability。
uri	string	是	是	表示Uri描述。如果在Want中指定了Uri，则Want将匹配指定的Uri信息，包括scheme, schemeSpecificPart, authority和path信息。
type	string	是	是	表示MIME type类型描述，比如：“text/plain” 、 "image/*"等。
action	string	是	是	表示action选项描述。具体参考：Action使用时通过wantConstant.Action获取，示例：wantConstant.Action.ACTION_HOME。
entities	Array	是	是	表示entities相关描述。具体参考：Entity使用时通过wantConstant.Entity获取，示例：wantConstant.Entity.ENTITY_DEFAULT。
flags	number	是	是	表示处理Want的方式。默认传数字，具体参考：Flags使用时通过wantConstant.Flags获取，示例：wantConstant.Flags.FLAG_INSTALL_ON_DEMAND。
parameters	{[key: string]: any}	是	是	表示WantParams描述。

3.运行效果

3.1准备阶段

在新建OnceAbility和TwoAbility两个Ability界面，如下图示所示，包名为“com.harmony.alliance.myapplication”

%E5%87%86%E5%A4%87%E9%98%B6%E6%AE%B5.gif

config.json文件

2.在Index.ets写两个按钮“startAbility启动OnceAbility并传参”和“startAbilityForResult跳转TwoAbility”，代码如下


import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility';
@Entry
@Component
struct Index {
  
  
  build() {
    Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Column, alignItems: ItemAlign.Center, justifyContent: FlexAlign.Center }) {
      Text('startAbility启动OnceAbility并传参')
        .fontSize(50)
        .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
        
      Text('startAbilityForResult跳转TwoAbility')
        .fontSize(50)
        .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
      
        .backgroundColor(Color.Red)
    }
    .width('100%')
    .height('100%')
  }
}

效果如图所示

3.2实现“startAbility启动OnceAbility并传参”

ets 实现点击按钮功能，代码如下

bundleName：就是config.json的bundleName，

abilityName就是ability的名称，

parameters：作为传递的参数

在OnceAbilitySlice使用如下代码进行接收


Intent intent1=  getAbility().getIntent();
IntentParams myIntentParams= intent1.getParams();
myIntentParams.getParam("key1")


public startOnceAbility(){
    var str = {
      "want": {
        "deviceId": "",
        "bundleName": "com.harmony.alliance.myapplication",
        "abilityName": "OnceAbility",
        "uri": "",
        "action": "",
        "parameters":{key1:"value1",key2:"value2"}
      },
    };
    featureAbility.startAbility(str)
      .then((data) => {
        console.info('Operation successful. Data: ' + JSON.stringify(data))
      }).catch((error) => {
      console.error('Operation failed. Cause: ' + JSON.stringify(error));
    })
  }

OnceAbilitySlice的xml文件


"1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:background_element="#ed6262"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">
 
    <Text
        ohos:top_margin="20vp"
        ohos:id="$+id:text_helloworld"
        ohos:height="200vp"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:text="这是OnceAbility"
        ohos:text_size="40vp"
        />
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:mTvResult"
        ohos:height="200vp"
        ohos:width="match_parent"
        ohos:text="参数:"
        ohos:multiple_lines="true"
        ohos:text_size="40vp"
        ohos:padding="10fp"
        ohos:background_element="#ffffff"/>
 
DirectionalLayout>

效果如下

onceAbilitySlice代码如下


package com.harmony.alliance.myapplication.slice;
 
import com.harmony.alliance.myapplication.ResourceTable;
import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
import ohos.aafwk.content.IntentParams;
import ohos.agp.components.Text;
 
public class OnceAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
    Text mTvResult;
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_once);
        Intent intent1=  getAbility().getIntent();
        IntentParams myIntentParams= intent1.getParams();
        mTvResult=findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_mTvResult);
        mTvResult.setText("参数："+"key1"+"===>"+myIntentParams.getParam("key1")+
                "\n key2:"+"===>"+myIntentParams.getParam("key2"));
    }
 
    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }
 
    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }

3.3实现“startAbility启动OnceAbility并传参”

ets实现“startAbilityForResult跳转TwoAbility”ets代码如下


 public startTwoAbility(){
    var str = {
      "want": {
        "deviceId": "",
        "bundleName": "com.harmony.alliance.myapplication",
        "abilityName": "TwoAbility",
        "uri": "",
        "type": "",
        "action": "",
      },
      "abilityStartSetting": {}
    };
    featureAbility.startAbilityForResult(str, (error, data) => {
      if (error) {
        console.error('Operation failed. Cause: ' + error);
        return;
      }
      console.info('Operation succeeded: ' + JSON.stringify(data));
    });
  }

twoAbilitySlice的xml代码如下


"1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<DirectionalLayout
    xmlns:ohos="http://schemas.huawei.com/res/ohos"
    ohos:height="match_parent"
    ohos:width="match_parent"
    ohos:alignment="center"
    ohos:orientation="vertical">
 
    <Text
        ohos:id="$+id:text_helloworld"
        ohos:height="match_content"
        ohos:width="match_content"
        ohos:background_element="$graphic:background_ability_two"
        ohos:layout_alignment="horizontal_center"
        ohos:text="关闭并回传数据"
        ohos:text_size="40vp"
        />
 
DirectionalLayout>

效果图如下

TwoabilitySlice的代码如下


package com.harmony.alliance.myapplication.slice;
 
import com.harmony.alliance.myapplication.ResourceTable;
import ohos.aafwk.ability.AbilitySlice;
import ohos.aafwk.content.Intent;
import ohos.agp.components.Component;
 
public class TwoAbilitySlice extends AbilitySlice {
    @Override
    public void onStart(Intent intent) {
        super.onStart(intent);
        super.setUIContent(ResourceTable.Layout_ability_two);
        findComponentById(ResourceTable.Id_text_helloworld).setClickedListener(new Component.ClickedListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(Component component) {
                Intent intent1 = new Intent();
                intent1.setParam("key", "value");
                getAbility().setResult(1001, intent1);
                terminateAbility();
            }
        });
    }
 
    @Override
    public void onActive() {
        super.onActive();
    }
 
    @Override
    public void onForeground(Intent intent) {
        super.onForeground(intent);
    }
}

ets全部代码如下


import featureAbility from '@ohos.ability.featureAbility';
@Entry
@Component
struct Index {
  public startOnceAbility(){
    var str = {
      "want": {
        "deviceId": "",
        "bundleName": "com.harmony.alliance.myapplication",
        "abilityName": "OnceAbility",
        "uri": "",
        "action": "",
        "parameters":{key1:"value1",key2:"value2"}
      },
    };
    featureAbility.startAbility(str)
      .then((data) => {
        console.info('Operation successful. Data: ' + JSON.stringify(data))
      }).catch((error) => {
      console.error('Operation failed. Cause: ' + JSON.stringify(error));
    })
  }
  public startTwoAbility(){
    var str = {
      "want": {
        "deviceId": "",
        "bundleName": "com.harmony.alliance.myapplication",
        "abilityName": "TwoAbility",
        "uri": "",
        "type": "",
        "action": "",
      },
      "abilityStartSetting": {}
    };
    featureAbility.startAbilityForResult(str, (error, data) => {
      if (error) {
        console.error('Operation failed. Cause: ' + error);
        return;
      }
      console.info('Operation succeeded: ' + JSON.stringify(data));
    });
  }
  build() {
    Flex({ direction: FlexDirection.Column, alignItems: ItemAlign.Center, justifyContent: FlexAlign.Center }) {
      Text('startAbility启动OnceAbility并传参')
        .fontSize(50)
        .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
        .onClick(this.startOnceAbility.bind(this))
 
      Text('startAbilityForResult跳转TwoAbility')
        .fontSize(50)
        .fontWeight(FontWeight.Bold)
        .onClick(this.startTwoAbility.bind(this))
        .backgroundColor(Color.Red)
    }
    .width('100%')
    .height('100%')
  }
}

运行效果如下

%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C%E6%95%88%E6%9E%9C.gif

欲了解更多更全技术文章，欢迎访问:https://developer.huawei.com/consumer/cn/forum/topic/0201822289188980017?fid=0102683795438680754?ha_source=zzh

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原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_44708240/article/details/126125165