我们想登陆到mysql中前提是肯定需要一个用户名和密码:比如
mysql -uroot -proot
在mysql中用户的信息会存放在 mysql数据库下的 user表中 可以像下面这样查看到所有用户信息
- mysql> use mysql
- Database changed
- mysql> select * from user\G
- *************************** 1. row ***************************
- Host: localhost
- User: root
- Select_priv: Y
- Insert_priv: Y
- Update_priv: Y
- Delete_priv: Y
- Create_priv: Y
- Drop_priv: Y
- Reload_priv: Y
- Shutdown_priv: Y
- Process_priv: Y
- File_priv: Y
- Grant_priv: Y
- References_priv: Y
- Index_priv: Y
- Alter_priv: Y
- Show_db_priv: Y
- Super_priv: Y
- Create_tmp_table_priv: Y
- Lock_tables_priv: Y
- Execute_priv: Y
- Repl_slave_priv: Y
- Repl_client_priv: Y
- Create_view_priv: Y
- Show_view_priv: Y
- Create_routine_priv: Y
- Alter_routine_priv: Y
- Create_user_priv: Y
- Event_priv: Y
- Trigger_priv: Y
- Create_tablespace_priv: Y
- ssl_type:
- ssl_cipher:
- x509_issuer:
- x509_subject:
- max_questions: 0
- max_updates: 0
- max_connections: 0
- max_user_connections: 0
- plugin: mysql_native_password
- authentication_string: *C85A9826269E1AD748DFC3CEC32D040735B27207
- password_expired: N
- password_last_changed: 2019-11-07 14:39:30
- password_lifetime: NULL
- account_locked: N
- *************************** 2. row ***************************
- Host: localhost
- User: mysql.session
- Select_priv: N
-
其中有一列叫做HOST,HOST的不同值决定了用户拥有不同的登陆方式:比如:
| 标识符 | 含义 |
|---|---|
| % | 任意ip均等登陆 |
| localhost | 只允许本地登陆 |
| 127.0.0.1 | 只允许本地登陆 |
| sv1 | 主机名为sv1的机器可登录,主机名可以在 /etc/hostname中查看 |
| ::1 | 本机可登录 |
所以在登陆前,请确定你的使用的登陆用户的HOST列中有相应的配置
在mac上登陆华为云的服务器
- MacBook-Pro% ssh 'root'@'139.9.92.123'
- root@139.9.92.123's password:
- Last failed login: Fri May 29 11:03:42 CST 2020 from 202.85.208.14 on ssh:notty
- There was 1 failed login attempt since the last successful login.
- Last login: Thu May 28 16:36:32 2020 from 202.85.208.7
-
- Welcome to Huawei Cloud Service
-
- -bash: warning: setlocale: LC_CTYPE: cannot change locale (UTF-8): No such file or directory
- [root@139 ~]#
在mac上远程登陆服务器上的mysql
- MacBook-Pro% ./mysql -h139.9.92.123 -uroot -reqw123.. -P3306
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
- Your MySQL connection id is 2174
- Server version: 5.7.29 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
-
- Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
-
- Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
- affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
- owners.
-
- Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
-
- mysql> show databases;
- +--------------------+
- | Database |
- +--------------------+
- | information_schema |
mac登陆本地的mysql
如果你有配置环境变量,或者你的mysql的可执行文件在/etc/bin中,那你可以在任何目录中使用mysql命令
你可以直接像下面这样登陆:
- MacBook-Pro% mysql -uroot -p
- Enter password:
- Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
- Your MySQL connection id is 2
- Server version: 5.7.30 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
-
- Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
-
- Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
- affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
- owners.
-
- Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
-
- mysql>
如果你没有配置环境变量,系统就不能直接识别mysql命令,需要你进入到mysql安装目录下的bin文件下,找到mysql命令,然后执行登陆的动作
- MacBook-Pro% /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -uroot -p
- Enter password:
- Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
- Your MySQL connection id is 3
- Server version: 5.7.30 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
-
- Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
-
- Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
- affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
- owners.
-
- Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
-
- mysql>
也可以用远程登陆的方式登陆本地mysql
- MacBook-Pro% mysql -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -proot -P3306
- mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
- Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
- Your MySQL connection id is 4
- Server version: 5.7.30 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
-
- Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
-
- Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
- affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
- owners.
-
- Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
-
- mysql> show databases;
- +--------------------+
- | Database |
- +--------------------+
- | information_schema |
- | assignment |
- | cal |
本地登陆
我们可以借助mysql.sock实现本地登陆。
那这个mysql.sock是什么?
看起来我们需要了解一下mysql.sock的作用,因为通过它我们可以实现mysql的本地登陆。
mysql.sock应该是mysql的主机和客户机在同一host(物理服务器)上的时候,使用unix domain socket做为通讯协议的载体,它比tcp快。
通过命令可以查看到mysql.sock的位置。
- MacBook-Pro% netstat -ln | grep mysql
- 64e3f4c55eb824d7 stream 0 0 64e3f4c5614859a7 0 0 0 /tmp/mysql.sock
记下这个 mysql.sock的地址。接下来我们会创建一个配置文件,你找个看着比较顺眼的目录放置这个配置文件。
比如就像下面这样:
- MacBook-Pro% sudo mkdir etc
- MacBook-Pro% ls -l
- total 552
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 275235 Mar 24 01:35 LICENSE
- -rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 587 Mar 24 01:35 README
- drwxr-xr-x 40 root wheel 1280 Mar 24 02:45 bin
- drwxr-x--- 27 _mysql _mysql 864 May 28 20:44 data
- drwxr-xr-x 5 root wheel 160 Mar 24 02:44 docs
- drwxr-xr-x 2 root wheel 64 May 29 11:39 etc
- drwxr-xr-x 53 root wheel 1696 Mar 24 02:44 include
- drwxr-x--- 3 _mysql _mysql 96 May 28 20:44 keyring
- drwxr-xr-x 11 root wheel 352 May 13 09:16 lib
- drwxr-xr-x 4 root wheel 128 Mar 24 02:44 man
- drwxr-xr-x 39 root wheel 1248 Mar 24 02:44 share
- drwxr-xr-x 6 root wheel 192 May 28 19:20 support-files
- MacBook-Pro% cd etc
- MacBook-Pro% sudo touch user.root.cnf
- MacBook-Pro% sudo vim user.root.cnf
然后在 user.root.cnf 中添加如下的配置:
- [client]
- user=root
- password=root
- socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
好了,现在可以这样实现本地登陆
- MacBook-Pro% ../bin/mysql --defaults-extra-file=./user.root.cnf
- Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
- Your MySQL connection id is 6
- Server version: 5.7.30 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
-
- Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
-
- Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
- affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
- owners.
-
- Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
-
- mysql>
花里胡哨的本地登陆
有时候,你可能会看到其他大佬登陆mysql时直接使用命令:mysql.local 就骚气十足的本地登陆mysql
他是怎么做到的呢?其实很简单、借助alias+mysql.sock实现:
为我们的登陆mysql的命令添加别名,像下面这样:
- MacBook-Pro% alias mysql.local='/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql --defaults-extra-file=/usr/local/mysql/etc/user.root.cnf'
- MacBook-Pro% mysql.local
- Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
- Your MySQL connection id is 7
- Server version: 5.7.30 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
-
- Copyright (c) 2000, 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
-
- Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
- affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
- owners.
-
- Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
-
- mysql>
从此,你也可以骚气登陆mysql