基于后端和爬虫创建的代理ip池

搭建免费的代理ip池

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需要解决的问题:

1. 使用什么方式存储ip

   • 文件存储

     缺点: 打开文件修改文件操作较麻烦

   • mysql

     缺点: 查询速度较慢

   • mongodb

     缺点: 查询速度较慢. 没有查重功能

   • redis --> 使用redis存储最为合适

   所以 -> 数据结构采用redis中的zset有序集合

2. 获取ip的网站

   • https://ip.jiangxianli.com/

   • https://free.kuaidaili.com/free/intr/

3. 项目架构？？？

项目架构

1. 获取api
2. 筛选api
3. 验证api的有效性
4. 提供api

项目结构图

项目结构如下:

项目代码

code文件夹

redis_proxy.py

# -*- encoding:utf-8 -*-
# @time: 2022/7/4 11:32
# @author: Maxs_hu
"""
这里用来做redis中间商. 去控制redis和ip之间的调用关系
"""
from redis import Redis
import random


class RedisProxy:
    def __init__(self):
        # 连接到redis数据库
        self.red = Redis(
            host='localhost',
            port=6379,
            db=9,
            password=123456,
            decode_responses=True
        )

    # 1. 存储到redis中. 存储之前需要提前判断ip是否存在. 防止将已存在的ip的score抵掉
    # 2. 需要校验所有的ip. 查询ip
    # 3. 验证可用性. 可用分值拉满. 不可用扣分
    # 4. 将可用的ip查出来返回给用户
    #       先给满分的
    #       再给有分的
    #       都没有分. 就不给

    def add_ip(self, ip):  # 外界调用并传入ip
        # 判断ip在redis中是否存在
        if not self.red.zscore('proxy_ip', ip):
            self.red.zadd('proxy_ip', {ip: 10})
            print('proxy_ip存储完毕', ip)
        else:
            print('存在重复', ip)

    def get_all_proxy(self):
        # 查询所有的ip功能
        return self.red.zrange('proxy_ip', 0, -1)

    def set_max_score(self, ip):
        self.red.zadd('proxy_ip', {ip: 100})  # 注意是引号的格式

    def deduct_score(self, ip):
        # 先将分数查询出来
        score = self.red.zscore('proxy_ip', ip)
        # 如果有分值.那就扣一分
        if score > 0:
            self.red.zincrby('proxy_ip', -1, ip)
        else:
            # 如果分值已经扣的小于0了. 那么可以直接删除了
            self.red.zrem('proxy_ip', ip)

    def effect_ip(self):
        # 先将ip通过分数筛选出来
        ips = self.red.zrangebyscore('proxy_ip', 100, 100, 0, -1)
        if ips:
            return random.choice(ips)
        else:  # 没有满分的
            # 将九十分以上的筛选出来
            ips = self.red.zrangebyscore('proxy_ip', 11, 99, 0, -1)
            if ips:
                return random.choice(ips)
            else:
                print('无可用ip')
                return None

折叠 

ip_collection.py

# -*- encoding:utf-8 -*-
# @time: 2022/7/4 11:32
# @author: Maxs_hu
"""
这里用来收集ip
"""
from redis_proxy import RedisProxy
import requests
from lxml import html
from multiprocessing import Process
import time
import random


def get_kuai_ip(red):
    url = "https://free.kuaidaili.com/free/intr/"
    headers = {
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/102.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
    }
    resp = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
    etree = html.etree
    et = etree.HTML(resp.text)
    trs = et.xpath('//table//tr')
    for tr in trs:
        ip = tr.xpath('./td[1]/text()')
        port = tr.xpath('./td[2]/text()')
        if not ip:  # 将不含有ip值的筛除
            continue
        proxy_ip = ip[0] + ":" + port[0]
        red.add_ip(proxy_ip)


def get_unknown_ip(red):
    url = "https://ip.jiangxianli.com/"
    headers = {
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/102.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
    }
    resp = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
    etree = html.etree
    et = etree.HTML(resp.text)
    trs = et.xpath('//table//tr')
    for tr in trs:
        ip = tr.xpath('./td[1]/text()')
        port = tr.xpath('./td[2]/text()')
        if not ip:  # 将不含有ip值的筛除
            continue
        proxy_ip = ip[0] + ":" + port[0]
        red.add_ip(proxy_ip)


def get_happy_ip(red):
    page = random.randint(1, 5)
    url = f'http://www.kxdaili.com/dailiip/2/{page}.html'
    headers = {
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/102.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
    }
    resp = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
    etree = html.etree
    et = etree.HTML(resp.text)
    trs = et.xpath('//table//tr')
    for tr in trs:
        ip = tr.xpath('./td[1]/text()')
        port = tr.xpath('./td[2]/text()')
        if not ip:  # 将不含有ip值的筛除
            continue
        proxy_ip = ip[0] + ":" + port[0]
        red.add_ip(proxy_ip)


def get_nima_ip(red):
    url = 'http://www.nimadaili.com/'
    headers = {
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/102.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
    }
    resp = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
    etree = html.etree
    et = etree.HTML(resp.text)
    trs = et.xpath('//table//tr')
    for tr in trs:
        ip = tr.xpath('./td[1]/text()')  # 这里存在空值. 所以不能在后面加[0]
        if not ip:
            continue
        red.add_ip(ip[0])


def get_89_ip(red):
    page = random.randint(1, 26)
    url = f'https://www.89ip.cn/index_{page}.html'
    headers = {
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/102.0.0.0 Safari/537.36"
    }
    resp = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
    etree = html.etree
    et = etree.HTML(resp.text)
    trs = et.xpath('//table//tr')
    for tr in trs:
        ip = tr.xpath('./td[1]/text()')
        if not ip:
            continue
        red.add_ip(ip[0].strip())


def main():
    # 创建一个redis实例化对象
    red = RedisProxy()
    print("开始采集数据")
    while 1:
        try:
            # 这里可以添加各种采集的网站
            print('>>>开始收集快代理ip')
            get_kuai_ip(red)  # 收集快代理
            # get_unknown_ip(red)  # 收集ip
            print(">>>开始收集开心代理ip")
            get_happy_ip(red)  # 收集开心代理
            print(">>>开始收集泥马代理ip")
            # get_nima_ip(red)  # 收集泥马代理
            print(">>>开始收集89代理ip")
            get_89_ip(red)
            time.sleep(60)
        except Exception as e:
            print('ip储存出错了', e)
            time.sleep(60)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
    # 创建一个子进程
    # p = Process(target=main)
    # p.start()

折叠 

ip_verify.py

# -*- encoding:utf-8 -*-
# @time: 2022/7/4 11:34
# @author: Maxs_hu
"""
这里用来验证ip的可用性: 使用携程发送请求增加效率
"""
from redis_proxy import RedisProxy
from multiprocessing import Process
import asyncio
import aiohttp
import time


async def verify_ip(ip, red, sem):
    timeout = aiohttp.ClientTimeout(total=10)  # 设置网页等待时间不超过十秒
    try:
        async with sem:
            async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
                async with session.get(url='http://www.baidu.com/',
                                       proxy='http://'+ip,
                                       timeout=timeout) as resp:
                    page_source = await resp.text()
                    if resp.status in [200, 302]:
                        # 如果可用. 加分
                        red.set_max_score(ip)
                        print('验证没有问题. 分值拉满~', ip)
                    else:
                        # 如果不可用. 扣分
                        red.deduct_score(ip)
                        print('问题ip. 扣一分', ip)
    except Exception as e:
        print('出错了', e)
        red.deduct_score(ip)
        print('问题ip. 扣一分', ip)


async def task(red):
    ips = red.get_all_proxy()
    sem = asyncio.Semaphore(30)  # 设置每次三十的信号量
    tasks = []
    for ip in ips:
        tasks.append(asyncio.create_task(verify_ip(ip, red, sem)))
    if tasks:
        await asyncio.wait(tasks)


def main():
    red = RedisProxy()
    time.sleep(5)  # 初始的等待时间. 等待采集到数据
    print("开始验证可用性")
    while 1:
        try:
            asyncio.run(task(red))
            time.sleep(100)
        except Exception as e:
            print("ip_verify出错了", e)
            time.sleep(100)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
    # 创建一个子进程
    # p = Process(target=main())
    # p.start()
折叠 

ip_api.py

# -*- encoding:utf-8 -*-
# @time: 2022/7/4 11:35
# @author: Maxs_hu

"""
这里用来提供给用户ip接口. 通过写后台服务器. 用户访问我们的服务器就可以得到可用的代理ip:
   1. flask
   2. sanic --> 今天使用这个要稍微简单一点
"""
from redis_proxy import RedisProxy
from sanic import Sanic, json
from sanic_cors import CORS
from multiprocessing import Process

# 创建一个app
app = Sanic('ip')  # 随便给个名字
# 解决跨域问题
CORS(app)
red = RedisProxy()


@app.route('maxs_hu_ip')  # 添加路由
def api(req):  # 第一个请求参数固定. 请求对象
   ip = red.effect_ip()
   return json({"ip": ip})


def main():
   # 让sanic跑起来
   app.run(host='127.0.0.1', port=1234)


if __name__ == '__main__':
   main()
   # p = Process(target=main())
   # p.start()
折叠 

runner.py

# -*- encoding:utf-8 -*-
# @time: 2022/7/5 17:36
# @author: Maxs_hu
from ip_api import main as api_run
from ip_collection import main as coll_run
from ip_verify import main as veri_run
from multiprocessing import Process


def main():
    # 设置互不干扰的三个进程
    p1 = Process(target=api_run)  # 只需要将目标函数的内存地址传过去即可
    p2 = Process(target=coll_run)
    p3 = Process(target=veri_run)

    p1.start()
    p2.start()
    p3.start()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

测试ip是否可用.py

# -*- encoding:utf-8 -*-
# @time: 2022/7/5 18:15
# @author: Maxs_hu
import requests


def get_proxy():
    url = "http://127.0.0.1:1234/maxs_hu_ip"
    resp = requests.get(url)
    return resp.json()


def main():
    url = 'http://mip.chinaz.com/?query=' + get_proxy()["ip"]
    proxies = {
        "http": 'http://' + get_proxy()["ip"],
        "https": 'http://' + get_proxy()["ip"]  # 目前代理只支持http请求
    }
    headers = {
        "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/102.0.0.0 Safari/537.36",
    }
    resp = requests.get(url, proxies=proxies, headers=headers)
    resp.encoding = 'utf-8'
    print(resp.text)  # 物理位置


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
折叠 

运行效果

项目运行截图:

redis储存截图:

总结

1. 免费代理ip只支持http的网页操作. 并不好用. 如果有需求可以进行购买然后加入ip代理池
2. 网页部署到自己的服务器上. 别人访问自己的服务器. 以后学了全栈可以加上登录. 和付费功能. 实现功能的进一步拓展
3. 项目架构是生产者消费者模型. 三个模块同时运行. 每个模块为一个进程. 互不影响
4. 代理设计细节有待处理. 但总体运行效果还可以. 遇到问题再修改