华为路由器如何配置静态路由

实验目的
使用静态路由使 IP 数据可达
实验拓扑

实验步骤
1：更名及配置 IP 地址
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R1 [R1]interface Ethernet 0/0/0
[R1-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 12.1.1.1 255.255.255.0
[R1-Ethernet0/0/0]undo shutdown
system-view
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]interface Ethernet 0/0/0
[R2-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 12.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
[R2-Ethernet0/0/0]undo shutdown
[R2]interface Ethernet 0/0/1
[R2-Ethernet0/0/1]ip add
[R2-Ethernet0/0/1]ip address 23.1.1.2 255.255.255.0
[R2-Ethernet0/0/1]undo shutdown
[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 23.1.1.3 255.255.255.0
[R3-Ethernet0/0/0]undo shutdown

2：在中间路由器 R2 上测试直连是否通
[R2-Ethernet0/0/1]ping 12.1.1.1
PING 12.1.1.1: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 12.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=160 ms Reply from 12.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=20 ms Reply from 12.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=10 ms Reply from 12.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=30 ms Reply from 12.1.1.1: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=40 ms

— 12.1.1.1 ping statistics — 5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 10/52/160 ms
[R2-Ethernet0/0/1]ping 23.1.1.3
PING 23.1.1.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break

Reply from 23.1.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=255 time=50 ms Reply from 23.1.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=255 time=50 ms Reply from 23.1.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=255 time=50 ms Reply from 23.1.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=255 time=30 ms Reply from 23.1.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=255 time=30 ms

— 23.1.1.3 ping statistics — 5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 30/42/50 ms

3：在 R1 上直接 ping R3 将不通，需要配置一条去方向以及回来方向的配认路由
[R1-Ethernet0/0/0]ping 23.1.1.3
PING 23.1.1.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break Request time out
在 R1 与 R3 上分别配置默认路由：
[R1]ip route-static 23.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 12.1.1.2
[R3]ip route-static 12.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 23.1.1.2

4：再测试连通性：
[R1]ping 23.1.1.3
PING 23.1.1.3: 56 data bytes, press CTRL_C to break
Reply from 23.1.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=1 ttl=254 time=80 ms Reply from 23.1.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=2 ttl=254 time=70 ms Reply from 23.1.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=3 ttl=254 time=60 ms Reply from 23.1.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=4 ttl=254 time=40 ms Reply from 23.1.1.3: bytes=56 Sequence=5 ttl=254 time=50 ms

— 23.1.1.3 ping statistics — 5 packet(s) transmitted
5 packet(s) received
0.00% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max = 40/60/80 ms
//以上表示成功通信了。

4：还可以为一条静态路由设备优先集，也就是 CISCO 中的管理距离（AD 值），以实现浮动路由等效果。如下：
[R1]ip route-static 23.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 12.1.1.2 preference 10

请再根据 NA 的实验手册，结合这里的华为的命令，在华为的路由器上面实现浮动静态， 选择静态，汇总静态，默认静态，负载均衡的静态等效果。

查看路由表：
[R1]display ip routing
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib

Routing Tables: Public
Destinations : 5 Routes : 5
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface 12.1.1.0/24 Direct 0 0 D 12.1.1.1 Ethernet0/0/0
12.1.1.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 Ethernet0/0/0
23.1.1.0/24 Static 10 0 RD 12.1.1.2 Ethernet0/0/0
127.0.0.0/8 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
127.0.0.1/32 Direct 0 0 D 127.0.0.1 InLoopBack0
5：当想取消这条默认路由的时候，在前面打 UNDO
[R1]undo ip route-static 23.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 12.1.1.2 preference 10