• C++ 图书馆管理系统

    此管理系统相比于上一篇用Java实现的功能更多了，结构更加简单了，没有用继承之类的复杂语法。逻辑实现上更加严谨了，但是并没有异常处理，以及文件读取等持久化信息的操作，这些操作需要后续的学习。

    功能概览

     

    Library.h

    BookRecord

    1. #include<vector>
    2. #include<cassert>
    3. #include<string>
    4. #include<iostream>
    5. #include<map>
    6. #include<set>
    7. using namespace std;
    8.  
    9. // 图书类
    10. class BookRecord
    11. {
    12. public:
    13. 	BookRecord(string s1, string s2, string s3, string s4, unsigned int n1, unsigned int n2) :
    14. 		book_title_(s1), book_isbn_(s2), author_(s3), year_published_(s4), number_of_copies_(n1), number_of_copies_available_(n2) {}
    15. 	~BookRecord() = default;
    16.  
    17. 	void DisplayRecord()const;  // 打印
    18. 	bool loan_out();       // 书籍借出函数
    19. 	void AddBook(int n) { number_of_copies_ += n; number_of_copies_available_ += n; } // 增添书籍
    20. 	bool is_available()const { return number_of_copies_available_ > 0; }     // 判断是否有余量。
    21. 	bool deletebook()const { return number_of_copies_ == number_of_copies_available_; }  // 删除书籍
    22. 	void ReturnBook() { ++number_of_copies_available_; }  // 归还书籍
    23. 	const string& isbn()const { return book_isbn_; }   // 返回ISBN
    24. 	const string& name()const { return book_title_; }  // 返回名字
    25.  
    26. private:
    27. 	string book_title_;
    28. 	string book_isbn_;
    29. 	string author_;
    30. 	string year_published_;
    31. 	unsigned int number_of_copies_;
    32. 	unsigned int number_of_copies_available_;
    33. };

    存储图书的基本信息，以及一些对外接口。 

    Borrower

    1. // 借阅人类
    2. class Borrower
    3. {
    4. public:
    5. 	Borrower(string id, string name, string tele)
    6. 		:borrower_id_(id), name_(name), telephone_(tele){}
    7. 	~Borrower() = default;
    8.  
    9. 	const string& id()const { return borrower_id_; }
    10. 	const string& name()const { return name_; }
    11.  
    12. 	void DisplayRecord()const;		  // 打印函数
    13. 	void LoanBook(const string& s);		// 借书
    14. 	bool ReturnBook(const string& s);   // 还书
    15. 	bool Logout()const { return book_loaned_ == 0; }   // 注销
    16. private:
    17. 	string borrower_id_;
    18. 	string name_;
    19. 	string telephone_;
    20. 	unsigned int book_loaned_ = 0;
    21. 	vector<string> book_loaned_titles_ = vector<string>();
    22. };

    借阅人类，存储借阅人的基本信息，其中包括这个人借了哪些书，vector存储那些书籍的书名。 

    Library

    1. // 图书馆类
    2. class Library
    3. {
    4. public:
    5. 	Library() = default;
    6. 	~Library()
    7.     {
    8. 		for (const auto& i : vec_pbook_)
    9. 			delete i;
    10. 		for (const auto& i : vec_pborrower_)
    11. 			delete i;
    12. 	}
    13. 	Library(const Library&) = delete;
    14. 	Library& operator=(const Library&) = delete;
    15.  
    16. 	void DisplayAllBook()const;   // 打印全部书籍
    17. 	void DisplayAllBorrower()const;  // 打印全部借阅人
    18. 	void DisplayBook()const;	// 打印特定书籍
    19. 	void DisplayBorrower()const;	// 打印特定借阅人
    20.  
    21. 	void AddBook();		// 添加书籍
    22. 	void DeleteBook();	// 删除书籍
    23. 	
    24. 	void LoanBook();	// 借书
    25. 	void ReturnBook();	// 还书
    26.  
    27. 	void Register();	// 注册
    28. 	void Logout();		// 注销
    29.  
    30. private:
    31. 	vector<Borrower*> vec_pborrower_;
    32. 	vector<BookRecord*> vec_pbook_;
    33.  
    34. 	map<string, Borrower*> map_borrower_;      // 书籍的ISBN映射到书籍对象指针
    35. 	map<string, BookRecord*> map_bookrecord_;  // 借阅人id到借阅人对象指针的映射
    36. };

    数据成员有 借阅人对象指针的vector 和 书籍对象指针的vector。这里方便遍历。  还有借阅人id到对象指针的map映射，方便通过id检索此人是否存在，以及对应对象的方法调用。 还有书籍isbn到书籍对象指针的map映射，同样也是方便检索。

    成员函数就是那些功能的实现，都封装在了一个Library类的对象中。main.cpp中可以看到调用。

    Library.cpp

    BookRecord成员函数实现

    1. #include"Library.h"
    2.  
    3.  
    4. void BookRecord::DisplayRecord()const
    5. {
    6. 	auto c1 = book_title_.c_str(), c2 = book_isbn_.c_str(), c3 = author_.c_str(), c4 = year_published_.c_str();
    7. 	printf("书名:%-10s ISBN：%-15s 作者:%-8s 出版年: %-5s 总数量:%d 余量:%d\n", c1, c2, c3, c4, number_of_copies_, number_of_copies_available_);
    8. }
    9.  
    10. bool BookRecord::loan_out()
    11. {
    12. 	if (number_of_copies_available_ > 0)
    13. 	{
    14. 		--number_of_copies_available_;
    15. 		return true;
    16. 	}
    17. 	else
    18. 	{
    19. 		return false;
    20. 	}
    21. }

    loan_out 成员函数用于判断此书是否还有余量可以借出，用于LoanBook方法中。用返回值判断是否还有余量。 

    Borrower成员函数实现

    1. void Borrower::DisplayRecord()const
    2. {
    3. 	auto c1 = borrower_id_.c_str(), c2 = name_.c_str(), c3 = telephone_.c_str();
    4. 	printf("ID:%-15s 姓名:%-5s 联系方式:%-15s 借阅书籍数量:%d\n", c1, c2, c3, book_loaned_);
    5. 	if (book_loaned_ != 0)
    6. 	{
    7. 		cout << "借阅书籍名称" << ": ";
    8. 		for (const auto& i : book_loaned_titles_)
    9. 			cout << i << "  ";
    10. 		cout << endl;
    11. 	}
    12. }
    13.  
    14. void Borrower::LoanBook(const string& title)
    15. {
    16. 	++book_loaned_;
    17. 	book_loaned_titles_.push_back(title);
    18. }
    19.  
    20. bool Borrower::ReturnBook(const string& name)
    21. {
    22. 	for (auto i = book_loaned_titles_.begin(); i != book_loaned_titles_.end(); ++i)
    23. 	{
    24. 		if ((*i) == name)
    25. 		{
    26. 			book_loaned_titles_.erase(i);
    27. 			--book_loaned_;
    28. 			return true;
    29. 		}
    30. 	}
    31. 	return false;
    32. }

    LoanBook用于辅助Library类的LoanBook的实现。ReturnBook需要将书籍名在对象的vector<string>中删除，还要将借书量减一。 

    Library的打印函数实现

    1. void Library::DisplayAllBook()const
    2. {
    3. 	if (!vec_pbook_.empty())
    4. 		for (auto i : vec_pbook_)
    5. 			i->DisplayRecord();
    6. 	else
    7. 		cout << "图书馆暂无书籍" << endl;
    8. }
    9.  
    10. void Library::DisplayAllBorrower()const
    11. {
    12. 	if (!vec_pborrower_.empty())
    13. 		for (auto i : vec_pborrower_)
    14. 			i->DisplayRecord();
    15. 	else
    16. 		cout << "图书馆暂无借阅人" << endl;
    17. }
    18.  
    19. void Library::DisplayBook()const
    20. {
    21. 	cout << "请输入书籍名称" << endl;
    22. 	string name;
    23. 	cin >> name;
    24. 	for (const auto& i : vec_pbook_)
    25. 		if (i->name() == name)
    26. 		{
    27. 			i->DisplayRecord();
    28. 			return;
    29. 		}
    30. 	cout <<"错误，" << name << "书籍不存在" << endl;
    31. }
    32.  
    33. void Library::DisplayBorrower()const
    34. {
    35. 	cout << "请输入借阅人姓名" << endl;
    36. 	string name;
    37. 	cin >> name;
    38. 	for(const auto& i :vec_pborrower_)
    39. 		if (i->name() == name)
    40. 		{
    41. 			i->DisplayRecord();
    42. 			return;
    43. 		}
    44. 	cout << "错误" << name << "借阅人不存在" << endl;
    45. }

    略 

    LoanBook + ReturnBook  借书+还书

    1. void Library::LoanBook()
    2. {
    3. 	cout << "请输入你的id号码" << endl;
    4. 	string id;
    5. 	cin >> id;
    6. 	if (map_borrower_.find(id) == map_borrower_.end())
    7. 	{
    8. 		cout << "错误，你尚未注册，无法借书" << endl;
    9. 		cout << "是否注册？(Y/N)" << endl;
    10. 		char input = ' ';
    11. 		cin >> input;
    12. 		if (input == 'Y' || input == 'y')
    13. 			Register();
    14. 		return;
    15. 	}
    16. 	cout << "请输入你想借阅的书籍书名" << endl;
    17. 	string name;
    18. 	cin >> name;
    19. 	for (auto i = vec_pbook_.begin(); i != vec_pbook_.end(); ++i)
    20. 	{
    21. 		// 这里用到了vector_pbook
    22. 		if ((*i)->name() == name)
    23. 		{
    24. 			if ((*i)->loan_out())
    25. 			{
    26. 				map_borrower_[id]->LoanBook(name);
    27. 				cout << "借阅成功" << endl;
    28. 			}
    29. 			else
    30. 				cout << "书籍余量为零，借阅失败" << endl;
    31. 			return;
    32. 		}
    33. 	}
    34. 	cout << name << "书籍不存在" << endl;
    35. }
    36.  
    37. void Library::ReturnBook()
    38. {
    39. 	cout << "请输入你的id号码" << endl;
    40. 	string id;
    41. 	cin >> id;
    42. 	if (map_borrower_.find(id) == map_borrower_.end())
    43. 	{
    44. 		cout << "错误，你尚未注册，无法归还书籍" << endl;
    45. 		cout << "是否注册？(Y/N)" << endl;
    46. 		char input = ' ';
    47. 		cin >> input;
    48. 		if (input == 'Y' || input == 'y')
    49. 			Register();
    50. 		return;
    51. 	}
    52. 	cout << "请输入你要归还书籍的ISBN编号" << endl;
    53. 	string isbn;
    54. 	cin >> isbn;
    55. 	if (map_bookrecord_.find(isbn) == map_bookrecord_.end())
    56. 	{
    57. 		cout << "错误，图书馆不存在此书" << endl;
    58. 		return;
    59. 	}
    60. 	auto name = map_bookrecord_[isbn]->name();
    61. 	if (map_borrower_[id]->ReturnBook(name))
    62. 	{
    63. 		map_bookrecord_[isbn]->ReturnBook();
    64. 		return;
    65. 	}
    66. 	else
    67. 		cout << "错误，检测到你尚未借过此书" << endl;
    68. }

    逻辑较为缜密   借书和还书时，借阅人那里和书籍那里都要处理。 

    AddBook + DeleteBook 添加书籍 删除书籍  这是管理员的功能

    1. void Library::AddBook()
    2. {
    3. 	string title, isbn, author, published;
    4. 	unsigned int copies;
    5. 	cout << "请输入书名，ISBN编号，作者名，出版年，数量。中间以空格隔开" << endl;
    6. 	cin >> title >> isbn >> author >> published >> copies;
    7. 	if (map_bookrecord_.find(isbn) == map_bookrecord_.end())
    8. 	{
    9. 		BookRecord* p = new BookRecord(title, isbn, author, published, copies, copies);
    10. 		assert(p);
    11. 		vec_pbook_.push_back(p);
    12. 		map_bookrecord_.insert({ p->isbn(),p });
    13. 	}
    14. 	else
    15. 		map_bookrecord_[isbn]->AddBook(copies);
    16. 	cout << "添加成功" << endl;
    17. }
    18.  
    19. void Library::DeleteBook()
    20. {
    21. 	string isbn;
    22. 	cout << "请输入你要删除的书籍ISBN号码:>" << endl;
    23. 	cin >> isbn;
    24. 	if (map_bookrecord_.find(isbn) == map_bookrecord_.end())
    25. 	{
    26. 		cout << "错误，该书籍不存在!!!" << endl;
    27. 		return;
    28. 	}
    29. 	else if (map_bookrecord_[isbn]->deletebook() == false)
    30. 	{
    31. 		cout << "错误，此书籍尚未全部归还!!!" << endl;
    32. 		return;
    33. 	}
    34. 	auto p = map_bookrecord_[isbn];
    35. 	map_bookrecord_.erase(isbn);
    36. 	for (auto i = vec_pbook_.begin(); i != vec_pbook_.end(); ++i)
    37. 	{
    38. 		if (*i == p)
    39. 		{
    40. 			vec_pbook_.erase(i);
    41. 			break;
    42. 		}
    43. 	}
    44. 	delete p;
    45. 	cout << "删除成功" << endl;
    46. }

     vector和map中都要处理信息。不过是书籍的vector和map

    Register + Logout  注册 注销 用于借阅人的操作

    1. void Library::Register()
    2. {
    3. 	string id;
    4. 	cout << "请输入一个你自己的id号码" << endl;
    5. 	do
    6. 	{
    7. 		cin >> id;
    8. 		if (map_borrower_.find(id) != map_borrower_.end())
    9. 		{
    10. 			cout << "错误，此id已存在，请重新输入。" << endl;
    11. 		}
    12. 		else
    13. 			break;
    14. 	} while (true);
    15. 	string name, tele;
    16. 	cout << "请输入你的姓名，联系方式" << endl;
    17. 	cin >> name >> tele;
    18. 	Borrower* p = new Borrower(id, name, tele);
    19. 	assert(p);
    20. 	vec_pborrower_.push_back(p);
    21. 	map_borrower_.insert({ id,p });
    22. 	cout << "注册成功" << endl;
    23. }
    24.  
    25. void Library::Logout()
    26. {
    27. 	cout << "请输入你的id号码" << endl;
    28. 	string id;
    29. 	cin >> id;
    30. 	if (map_borrower_.find(id) == map_borrower_.end())
    31. 	{
    32. 		cout << "错误，你尚未注册" << endl;
    33. 		cout << "是否注册？(Y/N)" << endl;
    34. 		char input = ' ';
    35. 		cin >> input;
    36. 		if (input == 'Y' || input == 'y')
    37. 			Register();
    38. 		return;
    39. 	}
    40. 	else if (map_borrower_[id]->Logout() != true)
    41. 	{
    42. 		cout << "错误，注销失败，你有书籍尚未归还" << endl;
    43. 		return;
    44. 	}
    45. 	auto p = map_borrower_[id];
    46. 	for (auto i = vec_pborrower_.begin(); i != vec_pborrower_.end(); ++i)
    47. 		if (*i == p)
    48. 		{
    49. 			vec_pborrower_.erase(i);
    50. 			break;
    51. 		}
    52. 	map_borrower_.erase(id);
    53. 	delete p;
    54. 	cout << "注销成功" << endl;
    55. }

    vector和map都要处理。  借阅人的vector和map

    Main.cpp

    1. #include"Library.h"
    2.  
    3.  
    4. void menu()
    5. {
    6. 	cout << "       欢迎进入图书馆       " << endl;
    7. 	cout << "==========================" << endl;
    8. 	cout << "      1.  管理员系统       " << endl;
    9. 	cout << "      2.  借阅人系统       " << endl;
    10. 	cout << "      0.  退出系统         " << endl;
    11. 	cout << "==========================" << endl;
    12. }
    13.  
    14. void MenuOfManager()
    15. {
    16. 	cout << "       欢迎进入管理员系统       " << endl;
    17. 	cout << "==============================" << endl;
    18. 	cout << "      1.  查看全部书籍      " << endl;
    19. 	cout << "      2.  查看全部借阅人       " << endl;
    20. 	cout << "      3.  查找指定书籍       " << endl;
    21. 	cout << "      4.  查找指定借阅人       " << endl;
    22. 	cout << "      5.  添加书籍       " << endl;
    23. 	cout << "      6.  删除书籍       " << endl;
    24. 	cout << "      0.  退出系统        " << endl;
    25. 	cout << "=============================" << endl;
    26. }
    27.  
    28. void MenuOfReader()
    29. {
    30. 	cout << "       欢迎进入借阅人系统      *" << endl;
    31. 	cout << "==============================" << endl;
    32. 	cout << "      1.  查看全部书籍     " << endl;
    33. 	cout << "      2.  查找指定书籍      " << endl;
    34. 	cout << "      3.  借阅书籍    " << endl;
    35. 	cout << "      4.  归还书籍       " << endl;
    36. 	cout << "      5.  注册           " << endl;
    37. 	cout << "      6.  注销		  " << endl;
    38. 	cout << "      0.  退出系统        " << endl;
    39. 	cout << "==============================" << endl;
    40. }
    41.  
    42. void manager(Library& lib)
    43. {
    44. 	int input = 0;
    45. 	do
    46. 	{
    47. 		MenuOfManager();
    48. 		printf("请输入你的选择:>");
    49. 		cin >> input;
    50. 		switch (input)
    51. 		{
    52. 		case 1:
    53. 			lib.DisplayAllBook();
    54. 			break;
    55. 		case 2:
    56. 			lib.DisplayAllBorrower();
    57. 			break;
    58. 		case 3:
    59. 			lib.DisplayBook();
    60. 			break;
    61. 		case 4:
    62. 			lib.DisplayBorrower();
    63. 			break;
    64. 		case 5:
    65. 			lib.AddBook();
    66. 			break;
    67. 		case 6:
    68. 			lib.DeleteBook();
    69. 			break;
    70. 		case 0:
    71. 			cout << "退出成功" << endl;
    72. 			break;
    73. 		default:
    74. 			cout << "输入错误，请重新输入" << endl;
    75. 			break;
    76. 		}
    77. 	} while (input);
    78. }
    79.  
    80. void reader(Library& lib)
    81. {
    82. 	int input = 0;
    83. 	do
    84. 	{
    85. 		MenuOfReader();
    86. 		printf("请输入你的选择:>");
    87. 		cin >> input;
    88. 		switch (input)
    89. 		{
    90. 		case 1:
    91. 			lib.DisplayAllBook();
    92. 			break;
    93. 		case 2:
    94. 			lib.DisplayBook();
    95. 			break;
    96. 		case 3:
    97. 			lib.LoanBook();
    98. 			break;
    99. 		case 4:
    100. 			lib.ReturnBook();
    101. 			break;
    102. 		case 5:
    103. 			lib.Register();
    104. 			break;
    105. 		case 6:
    106. 			lib.Logout();
    107. 			break;
    108. 		case 0:
    109. 			cout << "退出成功" << endl;
    110. 			break;
    111. 		default:
    112. 			cout << "输入错误，请重新输入" << endl;
    113. 			break;
    114. 		}
    115. 	} while (input);
    116. }
    117.  
    118. void test()
    119. {
    120. 	Library lib;
    121. //    Library lib2 = lib;
    122. //    lib2 = lib;
    123. 	int input = 0;
    124. 	do
    125. 	{
    126. 		menu();
    127. 		printf("请输入你的选择:>");
    128. 		cin >> input;
    129. 		switch (input)
    130. 		{
    131. 		case 1:
    132. 			manager(lib);
    133. 			break;
    134. 		case 2:
    135. 			reader(lib);
    136. 			break;
    137. 		case 0:
    138. 			cout << "退出成功" << endl;
    139. 			break;
    140. 		default:
    141. 			cout << "输入错误，请重新输入" << endl;
    142. 			break;
    143. 		}
    144. 	} while (input);
    145. }
    146.  
    147. int main()
    148. {
    149. 	test();
    150. 	return 0;
    151. }

    有点丑陋了，全是switch case语句。

    综上，就是STL的容器练习，以及类和对象的使用。

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  • 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/i777777777777777/article/details/125596265