MongoDB系列文章目录

• 史上最全MongoDB之初识篇
• 史上最全MongoDB之部署篇
• 史上最全MongoDB之Mongo Shell使用

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前言

本系列课程将带着大家以面试题的方式 深入分布式专题之MongoDB。这篇文章带着大家深入MongoDB Shell使用

Mongo Shell介绍

• MongoDB自带Javascript Shell, 可在Shell中使用命令行与MongoDB实列交互
• Mongo Shell 由Mozilla官方提供的JavaScript内核解释器,内部使用SpiderMonkey
• SpiderMonkey对ECMA Script标准兼容性非常好，支持ES 6(ECMA Script 6)

Mongo Shell启动

Mongo Shell 参数如下

[root@localhost mongodb]# mongo --help
MongoDB shell version v4.4.14
usage: mongo [options] [db address] [file names (ending in .js)]
db address can be:
  foo                   foo database on local machine
  192.168.0.5/foo       foo database on 192.168.0.5 machine
  192.168.0.5:9999/foo  foo database on 192.168.0.5 machine on port 9999
  mongodb://192.168.0.5:9999/foo  connection string URI can also be used
Options:
  --ipv6                               enable IPv6 support (disabled by 
                                       default)
  --host arg                           server to connect to
  --port arg                           port to connect to
  -h [ --help ]                        show this usage information
  --version                            show version information
  --verbose                            increase verbosity
  --shell                              run the shell after executing files
  --nodb                               don't connect to mongod on startup - no 
                                       'db address' arg expected
  --norc                               will not run the ".mongorc.js" file on 
                                       start up
  --quiet                              be less chatty
  --eval arg                           evaluate javascript
  --disableJavaScriptJIT               disable the Javascript Just In Time 
                                       compiler
  --enableJavaScriptJIT                enable the Javascript Just In Time 
                                       compiler
  --disableJavaScriptProtection        allow automatic JavaScript function 
                                       marshalling
  --retryWrites                        automatically retry write operations 
                                       upon transient network errors
  --disableImplicitSessions            do not automatically create and use 
                                       implicit sessions
  --jsHeapLimitMB arg                  set the js scope's heap size limit
  --idleSessionTimeout arg (=0)        Terminate the Shell session if it's been
                                       idle for this many seconds

FLE AWS Options:
  --awsAccessKeyId arg                 AWS Access Key for FLE Amazon KMS
  --awsSecretAccessKey arg             AWS Secret Key for FLE Amazon KMS
  --awsSessionToken arg                Optional AWS Session Token ID
  --keyVaultNamespace arg              database.collection to store encrypted 
                                       FLE parameters
  --kmsURL arg                         Test parameter to override the URL for 
                                       KMS

AWS IAM Options:
  --awsIamSessionToken arg             AWS Session Token for temporary 
                                       credentials

TLS Options:
  --tls                                use TLS for all connections
  --tlsCertificateKeyFile arg          PEM certificate/key file for TLS
  --tlsCertificateKeyFilePassword arg  Password for key in PEM file for TLS
  --tlsCAFile arg                      Certificate Authority file for TLS
  --tlsCRLFile arg                     Certificate Revocation List file for TLS
  --tlsAllowInvalidHostnames           Allow connections to servers with 
                                       non-matching hostnames
  --tlsAllowInvalidCertificates        Allow connections to servers with 
                                       invalid certificates
  --tlsFIPSMode                        Activate FIPS 140-2 mode at startup
  --tlsDisabledProtocols arg           Comma separated list of TLS protocols to
                                       disable [TLS1_0,TLS1_1,TLS1_2]

Authentication Options:
  -u [ --username ] arg                username for authentication
  -p [ --password ] arg                password for authentication
  --authenticationDatabase arg         user source (defaults to dbname)
  --authenticationMechanism arg        authentication mechanism
  --gssapiServiceName arg (=mongodb)   Service name to use when authenticating 
                                       using GSSAPI/Kerberos
  --gssapiHostName arg                 Remote host name to use for purpose of 
                                       GSSAPI/Kerberos authentication

file names: a list of files to run. files have to end in .js and will exit after unless --shell is specified
[root@localhost mongodb]# 
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可选参数如下

mongo -u <user> -p <pass> --host <host> --port <port>
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本地客户端可直接mongo 启动

[root@localhost mongodb]# mongo
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Mongo Shell 常用命令

数据库常用命令

show dbs / show databases 命令

概念

显示数据库列表

命令应用

> show dbs;
admin   0.000GB
config  0.000GB
local   0.000GB
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use 数据库名 命令

概念

切换数据库，数据库不存在时会自动创建

命令应用

> show dbs;
admin   0.000GB
config  0.000GB
local   0.000GB
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db.dropDatabase() 命令

概念

删除集合

命令应用

> db.emp.drop()
true
> show collections
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集合常见操作

show collections / show tables 查看集合命令

概念

查询当前数据库的集合列表数据

命令应用

> show dbs
admin   0.000GB
config  0.000GB
local   0.000GB
> use test
switched to db test
> db.emp.insert({i:1})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> show collections
emp
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db.collections(集合名).stats() 查看集合详情命令

概念

查看集合详情

命令应用

> db.emp.stats()
{
	"ns" : "test.emp",
	"size" : 33,
	"count" : 1,
	"avgObjSize" : 33,
	"storageSize" : 20480,
	"freeStorageSize" : 0,
	"capped" : false,
	"wiredTiger" : {
		"metadata" : {
			"formatVersion" : 1
		},
		...
	"scaleFactor" : 1,
	"ok" : 1
}
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db.collections(集合名).drop() 删除集合 命令

概念

删除集合

命令应用

> db.emp.drop()
true
> show collections
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用户角色命令

show roles 查看角色列表命令

概念

查看角色列表

命令应用

> show roles
{
	"role" : "dbAdmin",
	"db" : "test",
	"isBuiltin" : true,
	"roles" : [ ],
	"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
{
	"role" : "dbOwner",
	"db" : "test",
	"isBuiltin" : true,
	"roles" : [ ],
	"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
{
	"role" : "enableSharding",
	"db" : "test",
	"isBuiltin" : true,
	"roles" : [ ],
	"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
{
	"role" : "read",
	"db" : "test",
	"isBuiltin" : true,
	"roles" : [ ],
	"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
{
	"role" : "readWrite",
	"db" : "test",
	"isBuiltin" : true,
	"roles" : [ ],
	"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
{
	"role" : "userAdmin",
	"db" : "test",
	"isBuiltin" : true,
	"roles" : [ ],
	"inheritedRoles" : [ ]
}
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db.createUser(用户信息) 创建用户 命令

概念

创建用户

命令格式

db.createUser({user:“用户名”,pwd:“名称”,roles:[“角色”]})

命令应用

创建test库，并指定test库的管理员

> use test
switched to db test
> dn.createUser({user:"test",pwd:"test",roles:['dbOwner']})
uncaught exception: ReferenceError: dn is not defined :
@(shell):1:1
> use test
switched to db test
> db.createUser({user:"test",pwd:"test",roles:['dbOwner']})
Successfully added user: { "user" : "test", "roles" : [ "dbOwner" ] }
> show users
{
	"_id" : "test.test",
	"userId" : UUID("d9be5de9-8c28-4b2b-8d88-530be7846b14"),
	"user" : "test",
	"db" : "test",
	"roles" : [
		{
			"role" : "dbOwner",
			"db" : "test"
		}
	],
	"mechanisms" : [
		"SCRAM-SHA-1",
		"SCRAM-SHA-256"
	]
}
> 
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db.dropUser(用户名称) 删除用户 命令

概念

创建用户

命令格式

db.dropUser(“用户名”)

命令应用

db.dropUser(“test”)

> use test
switched to db test
> dn.createUser({user:"test",pwd:"test",roles:['dbOwner']})
uncaught exception: ReferenceError: dn is not defined :
@(shell):1:1
> use test
switched to db test
> db.createUser({user:"test",pwd:"test",roles:['dbOwner']})
Successfully added user: { "user" : "test", "roles" : [ "dbOwner" ] }
> show users
{
	"_id" : "test.test",
	"userId" : UUID("d9be5de9-8c28-4b2b-8d88-530be7846b14"),
	"user" : "test",
	"db" : "test",
	"roles" : [
		{
			"role" : "dbOwner",
			"db" : "test"
		}
	],
	"mechanisms" : [
		"SCRAM-SHA-1",
		"SCRAM-SHA-256"
	]
}
> 
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