世界上到底有多少种编程语言

今天在找选题的时候，发现一篇《世界上最不流行的编程语言》。程序员常常讨论世界上最流行的编程语言有哪些，各种编程语言排行榜也会定时发布出来，例如Python、JavaScript、Java这些耳熟能详，排在各大榜单前列的流行编程语言，之所以流行，很大一部分原因是因为工作好找。

带着好奇进去浏览一番，原文作者认为，剔除掉 JavaScript 的原型 OOP 部分，众观当下流行编程语言，它们或多或少都有彼此的副本，意义上也没有太大区别。几乎所有流行指数较高的编程语言或多或少都有相互复制粘贴的功能，并称之为局部优化。

那么有没有当下在使用却没有流行起来的语言呢？仔细一看，原来是作者在推广他自己写的编程语言，目前该语言用户只有作者自己，作者能想到流行两字，也是有趣地很。不过他的观点让笔者产生了好奇，世界上到底有多少种编程语言呢？

TIOBE在每月月初都会发布编程语言排行榜，每次都会列出TOP 100编程语言：

排在51——100：

ABC, ActionScript, Alice, Applescript, AspectJ, AutoLISP, Awk, B4X,Bash, bc, Bourne shell, C shell, CFML, CIL, Clipper, ECMAScript,Eiffel, Elm, F#, Haxe, Icon, Inform, Io, JScript, Korn shell, LabVIEW,Lingo, M4, ML, MQL4, Nim, NXT-G, Occam, OpenCL, OpenEdge ABL, Oz,PostScript, Q, Racket, REBOL, REXX, Ring, RPG, S-PLUS, Simulink, SPSS,Vala/Genie, Verilog, Xojo, XSLT

随后，笔者浏览了TIOBE上参与榜单评测的270多门语言，放眼望去，请问你认识几个？

1. (Visual) FoxPro: FoxPro, Fox Pro, VFP, VFPA
2. 1C:Enterprise script
3. 4th Dimension/4D: 4D, 4th Dimension
4. ABAP
5. ABC: ABC (exceptions: -tv -channel)
6. ActionScript: ActionScript, AS1, AS2, AS3
7. Ada
8. Agilent VEE
9. Algol
10. Alice: Alice (confidence: 90%)
11. Angelscript
12. Apex
13. APL
14. Applescript
15. Arc
16. AspectJ
17. Assembly language: Assembly, Assembly language
18. ATLAS
19. AutoHotkey: AutoHotkey, AHK
20. AutoIt
21. AutoLISP
22. Automator
23. Avenue
24. Awk: Awk, Mawk, Gawk, Nawk
25. B4X
26. Ballerina
27. Bash
28. Basic: Basic (confidence: 0%)
29. BBC BASIC
30. bc
31. BCPL
32. BETA: BETA (confidence: 10%)
33. BlitzMax: BlitzMax, BlitzBasic, Blitz Basic
34. Boo
35. Bourne shell: Bourne shell, sh
36. Brainfuck
37. C shell: Csh, C shell (confidence: 90%)
38. C#: C#, C-Sharp, C Sharp, CSharp, CSharp.NET, C#.NET
39. C++
40. C++/CLI
41. C-Omega
42. C: C (exceptions: -“Objective-C”)
43. Caml
44. Ceylon
45. CFML: CFML, ColdFusion
46. . Ch: Ch (exceptions: +ChScite)
47. Chapel: Chapel (exceptions: -christ)
48. CHILL
49. CIL
50. CL (OS/400): CL (exceptions: -Lisp), CLLE
51. Clarion
52. Classic Visual Basic: Visual Basic (confidence: 50%), VB (confidence: 50%), VBA, VB6
53. Clean: Clean (confidence: 43%)
54. Clipper
55. CLIPS
56. Clojure: Clojure, ClojureScript
57. CLU
58. COBOL
59. Cobra
60. CoffeeScript
61. COMAL
62. Common Lisp
63. Crystal: Crystal (confidence: 61%, exceptions: -healing), crystallang
64. cT
65. Curl
66. Dart
67. DCL
68. Delphi/Object Pascal: DwScript, Object Pascal, Delphi, Delphi.NET, Pascal (confidence: 95%)
69. DiBOL: DBL, Synergy/DE, DIBOL
70. Dylan
71. ECMAScript
72. EGL
73. Eiffel
74. Elixir
75. Elm
76. Emacs Lisp: Emacs Lisp, Elips
77. Emerald
78. Erlang
79. Etoys
80. Euphoria
81. EXEC
82. F#: F#, F-Sharp, FSharp, F Sharp
83. Factor
84. Falcon
85. Fantom
86. Felix: Felix (confidence: 86%)
87. Forth
88. Fortran
89. Fortress
90. FreeBASIC
91. Gambas
92. GAMS
93. GLSL
94. GML: GML, GameMaker Language
95. GNU Octave
96. Go: Go, Golang
97. Gosu
98. Groovy: Groovy, GPATH, GSQL, Groovy++
99. Hack
100. Harbour
101. Haskell
102. Haxe
103. Heron
104. HPL
105. HyperTalk
106. Icon: Icon (confidence: 90%)
107. IDL: IDL (exceptions: -corba -interface)
108. Idris
109. Inform
110. Informix-4GL
111. INTERCAL
112. Io
113. Ioke
114. J#
115. JADE
116. Java
117. JavaFX Script
118. JavaScript: JavaScript, JS, SSJS
119. JScript
120. JScript.NET
121. Julia: Julia, Julialang, julia-lang
122. Korn shell: Korn shell, ksh
123. Kotlin
124. LabVIEW
125. Ladder Logic
126. Lasso
127. Limbo
128. Lingo
129. Lisp
130. LiveCode: Revolution, LiveCode
131. Logo: Logo (confidence: 90%, exceptions: -tv)
132. LotusScript
133. LPC
134. Lua: Lua, LuaJIT
135. Lustre
136. M4
137. MAD: MAD (confidence: 50%)
138. Magic: Magic (confidence: 50%)
139. 140. Magik
140. Malbolge
141. MANTIS
142. Maple
143. MATLAB
144. Max/MSP
145. MAXScript
146. MDX
147. MEL
148. Mercury
149. Miva
150. ML
151. Modula-2
152. Modula-3
153. Monkey
154. MOO
155. Moto
156. MQL4: MQL4, MQL5
157. MS-DOS batch
158. MUMPS
159. NATURAL
160. Nemerle
161. NetLogo
162. Nim: Nim, Nimrod
163. NQC
164. NSIS
165. NXT-G
166. Oberon
167. Object Rexx
168. Objective-C: Objective-C, objc, obj-c
169. OCaml: Objective Caml, OCaml
170. Occam
171. OpenCL
172. OpenEdge ABL: Progress, Progress 4GL, ABL, Advanced Business Language, OpenEdge
173. OPL
174. Oxygene
175. Oz
176. Paradox
177. Pascal: Pascal (confidence: 5%)
178. Perl
179. PHP
180. Pike
181. PILOT: PILOT (confidence: 50%, exceptions: -“Palm Pilot programming”)
182. PL/I: PL/1, PL/I
183. PL/SQL
184. Pliant
185. Pony
186. PostScript: PostScript, PS
187. POV-Ray
188. PowerBasic
189. PowerScript
190. PowerShell
191. Processing: Processing (exceptions: +“sketchbook”)
192. Programming Without Coding Technology: Programming Without Coding Technology, PWCT
193. Prolog
194. Pure Data: Pure Data, PD
195. PureBasic
196. Python
197. Q
198. R: R (confidence: 90%, exceptions: +“statistical”)
199. Racket
200. Raku: Perl 6, Raku
201. REBOL
202. Red: Red (confidence: 20%)
203. REXX
204. Ring
205. RPG: RPG (confidence: 80%, exceptions: -role), RPGLE, ILERPG, RPGIV, RPGIII, RPG400,
206. RPGII, RPG4
207. Ruby
208. Rust: Rust, Rustlang
209. S-PLUS: S-PLUS (exceptions: +statistical)
210. S: S (exceptions: +statistical)
211. SAS
212. Sather
213. Scala
214. Scheme: Scheme (exceptions: -tv -channel)
215. Scratch
216. sed
217. Seed7
218. SIGNAL: SIGNAL (confidence: 10%)
219. Simula
220. Simulink
221. Slate: Slate (confidence: 57%)
222. Small Basic
223. Smalltalk
224. Smarty
225. Snap!
226. SNOBOL
227. Solidity
228. SPARK
229. SPSS
230. SQL
231. SQR
232. Squeak
233. Squirrel
234. Standard ML: Standard ML, SML
235. Stata
236. Structured Text
237. Suneido
238. SuperCollider: SuperCollider (confidence: 80%)
239. Swift
240. TACL
241. Tcl: Tcl/Tk, Tcl
242. tcsh
243. Tex
244. thinBasic
245. TOM: TOM (confidence: 50%)
246. Transact-SQL: T-SQL, Transact-SQL, TSQL
247. TypeScript: TypeScript, TS
248. Uniface
249. Vala/Genie: Vala, Genie
250. VBScript
251. Verilog
252. VHDL
253. Visual Basic: Visual Basic .NET, VB.NET, Visual Basic.NET, Visual Basic (confidence: 50%), VB (confidence: 50%)
254. WebAssembly
255. WebDNA
256. Whitespace
257. Wolfram
258. X10
259. xBase
260. XBase++
261. XC
262. Xen
263. Xojo: REALbasic, Xojo
264. XPL
265. XQuery
266. XSLT
267. Xtend
268. yacc
269. Yorick
270. Z shell: Z shell, zsh
271. Zig: Zig, zlang

你知道世界上一共有多少门编程语言吗？你觉得一门编程语言能否流行起来的关键是什么，是如笔者开头所提到的易于找工作，还是其它原因。然后最后的最后，咱们来个投票，咱们不谈会写多个编程语言，就看看大家能认识多少个？