• Linux系统——Session ID（负载均衡如何保持会话）

    目录

    一、实验环境搭建

    二、部署Nginx代理服务器配置

    三、部署后端真是服务器Tomcat配置

    四、配置Tomcat的Session ID会话保持

    五、测试

    此次实验是Tomcat后端服务器如何做Session ID会话保持

    一、实验环境搭建

    1. [root@localhost ~]#systemctl stop firewalld
    2. [root@localhost ~]#setenforce 0
    3. setenforce: SELinux is disabled
    4. [root@localhost ~]#yum install epel-release.noarch -y
    5. #安装epel额外源
    6. [root@localhost ~]#yum install nginx -y
    7. #yum安装Nginx   作为代理服务器
    8. [root@localhost ~]#systemctl start nginx
    9. [root@localhost ~]#systemctl status nginx
    10. ● nginx.service - The nginx HTTP and reverse proxy server
    11.    Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
    12.    Active: active (running) since 六 2024-03-16 10:21:23 CST; 5s ago
    13.   Process: 2055 ExecStart=/usr/sbin/nginx (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    14.   Process: 2051 ExecStartPre=/usr/sbin/nginx -t (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    15.   Process: 2049 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/rm -f /run/nginx.pid (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    16.  Main PID: 2058 (nginx)
    17.    CGroup: /system.slice/nginx.service
    18.            ├─2058 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
    19.            ├─2059 nginx: worker process
    20.            └─2060 nginx: worker process
    21.  
    22. 3月 16 10:21:23 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting The nginx HTTP ...
    23. 3月 16 10:21:23 localhost.localdomain nginx[2051]: nginx: the configuratio...
    24. 3月 16 10:21:23 localhost.localdomain nginx[2051]: nginx: configuration fi...
    25. 3月 16 10:21:23 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started The nginx HTTP a...
    26. Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.
    1. [root@node2 ~]#systemctl stop firewalld
    2. [root@node2 ~]#setenforce 0
    3. [root@node2 ~]#rz -E
    4. rz waiting to receive.
    5. [root@node2 ~]#rz -E
    6. rz waiting to receive.
    7. [root@node2 ~]#ls
    8. anaconda-ks.cfg              Downloads                   Pictures
    9. apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz  initial-setup-ks.cfg        Public
    10. Desktop                      jdk-8u291-linux-x64.tar.gz  Templates
    11. Documents                    Music                       Videos
    12. [root@node2 ~]#tar xf jdk-8u291-linux-x64.tar.gz  -C /usr/local/
    13. [root@node2 ~]#cd /usr/local/
    14. [root@node2 local]#ls
    15. bin  etc  games  include  jdk1.8.0_291  lib  lib64  libexec  sbin  share  src
    16. [root@node2 local]#ln -s jdk1.8.0_291/  jdk
    17. [root@node2 local]#vim /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh
    18. [root@node2 local]#cat /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh 
    19. export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk
    20. export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/:$JRE_HOME/lib/
    21. export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
    22. export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
    23. [root@node2 local]#. /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh 
    24. [root@node2 local]#java -version
    25. java version "1.8.0_291"
    26. Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_291-b10)
    27. Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.291-b10, mixed mode)
    1. [root@node3 ~]#systemctl stop firewalld
    2. [root@node3 ~]#setenforce 0
    3. [root@node3 ~]#rz -E
    4. rz waiting to receive.
    5. [root@node3 ~]#rz -E
    6. rz waiting to receive.
    7. [root@node3 ~]#ls
    8. anaconda-ks.cfg              jdk-8u291-linux-x64.tar.gz  视频  下载
    9. apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz  公共                        图片  音乐
    10. initial-setup-ks.cfg         模板                        文档  桌面
    11. [root@node3 ~]#tar xf jdk-8u291-linux-x64.tar.gz  -C /usr/local/
    12. [root@node3 ~]#cd /usr/local/
    13. [root@node3 local]#ls
    14. bin  etc  games  include  jdk1.8.0_291  lib  lib64  libexec  sbin  share  src
    15. [root@node3 local]#ln -s jdk1.8.0_291/  jdk
    16. [root@node3 local]#vim /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh
    17. [root@node3 local]#cat /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh 
    18. export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk
    19. export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/:$JRE_HOME/lib/
    20. export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
    21. export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
    22. [root@node3 local]#. /etc/profile.d/jdk.sh 
    23. [root@node3 local]#java -version
    24. java version "1.8.0_291"
    25. Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_291-b10)
    26. Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.291-b10, mixed mode)

    二、部署Nginx代理服务器配置

    1. [root@localhost ~]#vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
    2. [root@localhost ~]#sed -n '23,26p' /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
    3.     upstream tomcat {
    4.     server 192.168.241.22:8080;
    5.     server 192.168.241.23:8080;
    6.     }
    7. [root@localhost ~]#sed -n '50,52p' /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
    8.         location ~* \.jsp$ {
    9.         proxy_pass http://tomcat;
    10.         }
    11. [root@localhost ~]#nginx -t
    12. nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
    13. nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
    14. [root@localhost ~]#nginx -s reload

    三、部署后端真是服务器Tomcat配置

    1. [root@node2 local]#cd
    2. [root@node2 ~]#ls
    3. anaconda-ks.cfg              Downloads                   Pictures
    4. apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz  initial-setup-ks.cfg        Public
    5. Desktop                      jdk-8u291-linux-x64.tar.gz  Templates
    6. Documents                    Music                       Videos
    7. [root@node2 ~]#tar xf apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
    8. [root@node2 ~]#cd /usr/local/
    9. [root@node2 local]#ls
    10. apache-tomcat-9.0.16  etc    include  jdk1.8.0_291  lib64    sbin   src
    11. bin                   games  jdk      lib           libexec  share
    12. [root@node2 local]#ln -s apache-tomcat-9.0.16/ tomcat
    13. [root@node2 local]#ls
    14. apache-tomcat-9.0.16  etc    include  jdk1.8.0_291  lib64    sbin   src
    15. bin                   games  jdk      lib           libexec  share  tomcat
    16. [root@node2 local]#cd tomcat/
    17. [root@node2 tomcat]#useradd -s /sbin/nologin tomcat
    18. [root@node2 tomcat]#chown tomcat:tomcat tomcat/  -R
    19. chown: cannot access ‘tomcat/’: No such file or directory
    20. [root@node2 tomcat]#chown tomcat:tomcat -R
    21. chown: missing operand after ‘tomcat:tomcat’
    22. Try 'chown --help' for more information.
    23. [root@node2 tomcat]#cd ..
    24. [root@node2 local]#chown tomcat:tomcat tomcat/  -R
    25. [root@node2 local]#cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service <
    26. > [Unit]
    27. > Description=Tomcat
    28. > After=syslog.target network.target
    29. > 
    30. > [Service]
    31. > Type=forking
    32. > ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
    33. > ExecStop=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
    34. > RestartSec=3
    35. > PrivateTmp=true
    36. > User=tomcat
    37. > Group=tomcat
    38. > 
    39. > [Install]
    40. > WantedBy=multi-user.target
    41. > 
    42. > EOF
    43. [root@node2 local]#cd tomcat/webapps/ROOT/
    44. [root@node2 ROOT]#ls
    45. asf-logo-wide.svg  bg-upper.png       tomcat.css        tomcat.svg
    46. bg-button.png      favicon.ico        tomcat.gif        WEB-INF
    47. bg-middle.png      index.jsp          tomcat.png
    48. bg-nav.png         RELEASE-NOTES.txt  tomcat-power.gif
    49. [root@node2 ROOT]#mv index.jsp index.jsp.bak
    50. [root@node2 ROOT]#rz -E
    51. rz waiting to receive.
    52. [root@node2 ROOT]#ls
    53. asf-logo-wide.svg  bg-upper.png   RELEASE-NOTES.txt  tomcat-power.gif
    54. bg-button.png      favicon.ico    tomcat.css         tomcat.svg
    55. bg-middle.png      index.jsp      tomcat.gif         WEB-INF
    56. bg-nav.png         index.jsp.bak  tomcat.png
    57. [root@node2 ROOT]#cat index.jsp
    58. <%@ page import="java.util.*" %>
    60. "en">
    61. <head>
    62.    "UTF-8">
    63.    tomcat <span class="hljs-built_in">test</span>
    66. On <%=request.getServerName() %>
    67. <%=request.getLocalAddr() + ":" + request.getLocalPort() %>
    68. SessionID = "color:blue"><%=session.getId() %>
    69. <%=new Date()%>
    72. [root@node2 ROOT]#systemctl start tomcat
    1. [root@node3 local]#cd
    2. [root@node3 ~]#ls
    3. anaconda-ks.cfg              jdk-8u291-linux-x64.tar.gz  视频  下载
    4. apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz  公共                        图片  音乐
    5. initial-setup-ks.cfg         模板                        文档  桌面
    6. [root@node3 ~]#tar xf apache-tomcat-9.0.16.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
    7. [root@node3 ~]#cd /usr/local/
    8. [root@node3 local]#ls
    9. apache-tomcat-9.0.16  etc    include  jdk1.8.0_291  lib64    sbin   src
    10. bin                   games  jdk      lib           libexec  share
    11. [root@node3 local]#ln -s apache-tomcat-9.0.16/ tomcat
    12. [root@node3 local]#ls
    13. apache-tomcat-9.0.16  etc    include  jdk1.8.0_291  lib64    sbin   src
    14. bin                   games  jdk      lib           libexec  share  tomcat
    15. [root@node3 local]#cd tomcat/
    16. [root@node3 tomcat]#useradd -s /sbin/nologin tomcat
    17. [root@node3 tomcat]#chown tomcat:tomcat tomcat/  -R
    18. chown: 无法访问"tomcat/": 没有那个文件或目录
    19. [root@node3 tomcat]#chown tomcat:tomcat -R
    20. chown: "tomcat:tomcat" 后缺少操作数
    21. Try 'chown --help' for more information.
    22. [root@node3 tomcat]#cd ..
    23. [root@node3 local]#chown tomcat:tomcat tomcat/  -R
    24. [root@node3 local]#cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service <
    25. > [Unit]
    26. > Description=Tomcat
    27. > After=syslog.target network.target
    28. > 
    29. > [Service]
    30. > Type=forking
    31. > ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh
    32. > ExecStop=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh
    33. > RestartSec=3
    34. > PrivateTmp=true
    35. > User=tomcat
    36. > Group=tomcat
    37. > 
    38. > [Install]
    39. > WantedBy=multi-user.target
    40. > 
    41. > EOF
    42. [root@node3 local]#cd tomcat/webapps/ROOT/
    43. [root@node3 ROOT]#ls
    44. asf-logo-wide.svg  bg-upper.png       tomcat.css        tomcat.svg
    45. bg-button.png      favicon.ico        tomcat.gif        WEB-INF
    46. bg-middle.png      index.jsp          tomcat.png
    47. bg-nav.png         RELEASE-NOTES.txt  tomcat-power.gif
    48. [root@node3 ROOT]#mv index.jsp index.jsp.bak
    49. [root@node3 ROOT]#rz -E
    50. rz waiting to receive.
    51. [root@node3 ROOT]#cat index.jsp
    52. <%@ page import="java.util.*" %>
    54. "en">
    55. <head>
    56.    "UTF-8">
    57.    tomcat <span class="hljs-built_in">test</span>
    60. On <%=request.getServerName() %>
    61. <%=request.getLocalAddr() + ":" + request.getLocalPort() %>
    62. SessionID = "color:blue"><%=session.getId() %>
    63. <%=new Date()%>
    66. [root@node3 ROOT]#systemctl start tomcat

    实际生产环境不允许Session ID不断变动的。

    • 客户第一次访问被调度到后端真实服务器Tomcat1上，由于是第一次访问，客户度的Cookie缓存会记录，不会有SessionID，Tomcat1服务器会生成新的Session ID传输给客户端，客户端会将这个新的Session ID记录下来；
    • 当第二次访问的时候，Nginx代理服务器又可能将服务请求调度到后端真实服务器Tomcat2上，Tomcat2服务器是没有客户端传输来的Session ID1的，Tomcat2服务器认为客户端要生成新的SessionID，于是Tomcat2服务器将新的Session ID2传输给客户端，客户端会更新Session ID，将刚刚的SessionID更改为SessionID2；
    • 当第三次访问的时候，客户端带着SessionID2去Nginx代理服务器，Nginx代理服务器可能将客户端又调度到Tomcat1服务器上，Tomcat1服务器并没有SessionID2，于是又将新生成的SessionID3传输给客户端，这样会有很不好的客户端体验，所以我们可以根据修改Tomcat配置文件来进行会话保持 

    四、配置Tomcat的Session ID会话保持

    Tomcat会话保持官方说明https://tomcat.apache.org/tomcat-9.0-doc/cluster-howto.html

    1. [root@node2 ROOT]#vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml 
    2. [root@node2 ROOT]#sed -n '163,201p' /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml 
    3. "org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
    4.                  channelSendOptions="8">
    5.  
    6.           "org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
    7.                    expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
    8.                    notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>
    9.  
    10.           "org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
    11.             "org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
    12.                         address="228.0.0.4"
    13.                         port="45564"
    14.                         frequency="500"
    15.                         dropTime="3000"/>
    16.             "org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
    17.                       address="192.168.241.22"
    18.                       port="4000"
    19.                       autoBind="100"
    20.                       selectorTimeout="5000"
    21.                       maxThreads="6"/>
    22.  
    23.             "org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
    24.               "org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
    25.             
    26.             "org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
    27.             "org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatchInterceptor"/>
    28.           
    29.  
    30.           "org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
    31.                  filter=""/>
    32.           "org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>
    33.  
    34.           "org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
    35.                     tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
    36.                     deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
    37.                     watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
    38.                     watchEnabled="false"/>
    39.  
    40.           "org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
    41.         
    1. [root@node3 ROOT]#vim /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml 
    2. [root@node3 ROOT]#sed -n '163,201p' /usr/local/tomcat/conf/server.xml 
    3. "org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
    4.                  channelSendOptions="8">
    5.  
    6.           "org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
    7.                    expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
    8.                    notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>
    9.  
    10.           "org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
    11.             "org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
    12.                         address="228.0.0.4"
    13.                         port="45564"
    14.                         frequency="500"
    15.                         dropTime="3000"/>
    16.             "org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
    17.                       address="192.168.241.23"
    18.                       port="4000"
    19.                       autoBind="100"
    20.                       selectorTimeout="5000"
    21.                       maxThreads="6"/>
    22.  
    23.             "org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
    24.               "org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
    25.             
    26.             "org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
    27.             "org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatchInterceptor"/>
    28.           
    29.  
    30.           "org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
    31.                  filter=""/>
    32.           "org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>
    33.  
    34.           "org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
    35.                     tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
    36.                     deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
    37.                     watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
    38.                     watchEnabled="false"/>
    39.  
    40.           "org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
    41.         
    1. [root@node2 ROOT]#vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/web.xml 
    2. [root@node2 ROOT]#sed -n 29p /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/web.xml 
    3.   
    4. [root@node2 ROOT]#systemctl restart tomcat
    5. [root@node2 ROOT]#systemctl status tomcat.service 
    6. ● tomcat.service - Tomcat
    7.    Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
    8.    Active: active (running) since Fri 2024-03-15 22:42:31 EDT; 5s ago
    9.   Process: 2566 ExecStop=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    10.   Process: 2601 ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    11.  Main PID: 2617 (catalina.sh)
    12.    CGroup: /system.slice/tomcat.service
    13.            ├─2617 /bin/sh /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
    14.            └─2618 /usr/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/...
    15.  
    16. Mar 15 22:42:31 node2.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting Tomcat...
    17. Mar 15 22:42:31 node2.localdomain systemd[1]: Started Tomcat.
    1. [root@node3 ROOT]#vim /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/web.xml 
    2. [root@node3 ROOT]#sed -n 29p /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/WEB-INF/web.xml 
    3.   
    4. [root@node3 ROOT]#systemctl restart tomcat
    5. [root@node3 ROOT]#systemctl status tomcat.service 
    6. ● tomcat.service - Tomcat
    7.    Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/tomcat.service; disabled; vendor preset: disabled)
    8.    Active: active (running) since 六 2024-03-16 18:42:30 CST; 5s ago
    9.   Process: 2480 ExecStop=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/shutdown.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    10.   Process: 2518 ExecStart=/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.sh (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
    11.  Main PID: 2533 (catalina.sh)
    12.    CGroup: /system.slice/tomcat.service
    13.            ├─2533 /bin/sh /usr/local/tomcat/bin/catalina.sh start
    14.            └─2534 /usr/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/usr/local/...
    15.  
    16. 3月 16 18:42:30 node3.node3 systemd[1]: Starting Tomcat...
    17. 3月 16 18:42:30 node3.node3 startup.sh[2518]: Using CATALINA_BASE:   /usr...t
    18. 3月 16 18:42:30 node3.node3 startup.sh[2518]: Using CATALINA_HOME:   /usr...t
    19. 3月 16 18:42:30 node3.node3 startup.sh[2518]: Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /usr...p
    20. 3月 16 18:42:30 node3.node3 startup.sh[2518]: Using JRE_HOME:        /usr
    21. 3月 16 18:42:30 node3.node3 startup.sh[2518]: Using CLASSPATH:       /usr...r
    22. 3月 16 18:42:30 node3.node3 systemd[1]: Started Tomcat.
    23. Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

    五、测试

    此时后端真实服务器Tomcat调优完成，SessionID会话保持完成，客户端体验绝佳！

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  • 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/G_D0120/article/details/136743827