[ffmpeg] x264 配置参数解析

背景

创建 x264 编码器后，其有一组默认的编码器配置参数，也可以根据需要修改参数，来满足编码要求。

具体参数

可修改的参数，比较多，这边只列举一些常用的。

获取可以配置的参数

方式1

查看 ffmpeg源码 libx264.c，其中
static const AVOption options[] = {xx}；这表示其可修改的参数，其他编码器类似。

static const AVOption options[] = {
    { "preset",        "Set the encoding preset (cf. x264 --fullhelp)",   OFFSET(preset),        AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, { .str = "medium" }, 0, 0, VE},
    { "tune",          "Tune the encoding params (cf. x264 --fullhelp)",  OFFSET(tune),          AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, { 0 }, 0, 0, VE},
    { "profile",       "Set profile restrictions (cf. x264 --fullhelp)",  OFFSET(profile_opt),       AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, { 0 }, 0, 0, VE},
    { "fastfirstpass", "Use fast settings when encoding first pass",      OFFSET(fastfirstpass), AV_OPT_TYPE_BOOL, { .i64 = 1 }, 0, 1, VE},
    {"level", "Specify level (as defined by Annex A)", OFFSET(level), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str=NULL}, 0, 0, VE},
    {"passlogfile", "Filename for 2 pass stats", OFFSET(stats), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str=NULL}, 0, 0, VE},
    {"wpredp", "Weighted prediction for P-frames", OFFSET(wpredp), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str=NULL}, 0, 0, VE},
    {"a53cc",          "Use A53 Closed Captions (if available)",          OFFSET(a53_cc),        AV_OPT_TYPE_BOOL,   {.i64 = 1}, 0, 1, VE},
    {"x264opts", "x264 options", OFFSET(x264opts), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, {.str=NULL}, 0, 0, VE},
    { "crf",           "Select the quality for constant quality mode",    OFFSET(crf),           AV_OPT_TYPE_FLOAT,  {.dbl = -1 }, -1, FLT_MAX, VE },
    { "crf_max",       "In CRF mode, prevents VBV from lowering quality beyond this point.",OFFSET(crf_max), AV_OPT_TYPE_FLOAT, {.dbl = -1 }, -1, FLT_MAX, VE },
    { "qp",            "Constant quantization parameter rate control method",OFFSET(cqp),        AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    { .i64 = -1 }, -1, INT_MAX, VE },
    { "aq-mode",       "AQ method",                                       OFFSET(aq_mode),       AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    { .i64 = -1 }, -1, INT_MAX, VE, "aq_mode"},
    { "none",          NULL,                              0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = X264_AQ_NONE},         INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "aq_mode" },
    { "variance",      "Variance AQ (complexity mask)",   0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = X264_AQ_VARIANCE},     INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "aq_mode" },
    { "autovariance",  "Auto-variance AQ",                0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = X264_AQ_AUTOVARIANCE}, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "aq_mode" },
#if X264_BUILD >= 144
    { "autovariance-biased", "Auto-variance AQ with bias to dark scenes", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = X264_AQ_AUTOVARIANCE_BIASED}, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "aq_mode" },
#endif
    { "aq-strength",   "AQ strength. Reduces blocking and blurring in flat and textured areas.", OFFSET(aq_strength), AV_OPT_TYPE_FLOAT, {.dbl = -1}, -1, FLT_MAX, VE},
    { "psy",           "Use psychovisual optimizations.",                 OFFSET(psy),           AV_OPT_TYPE_BOOL,   { .i64 = -1 }, -1, 1, VE },
    { "psy-rd",        "Strength of psychovisual optimization, in : format.", OFFSET(psy_rd), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING,  {0 }, 0, 0, VE},
    { "rc-lookahead",  "Number of frames to look ahead for frametype and ratecontrol", OFFSET(rc_lookahead), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, { .i64 = -1 }, -1, INT_MAX, VE },
    { "weightb",       "Weighted prediction for B-frames.",               OFFSET(weightb),       AV_OPT_TYPE_BOOL,   { .i64 = -1 }, -1, 1, VE },
    { "weightp",       "Weighted prediction analysis method.",            OFFSET(weightp),       AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    { .i64 = -1 }, -1, INT_MAX, VE, "weightp" },
    { "none",          NULL, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = X264_WEIGHTP_NONE},   INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "weightp" },
    { "simple",        NULL, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = X264_WEIGHTP_SIMPLE}, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "weightp" },
    { "smart",         NULL, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = X264_WEIGHTP_SMART},  INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "weightp" },
    { "ssim",          "Calculate and print SSIM stats.",                 OFFSET(ssim),          AV_OPT_TYPE_BOOL,   { .i64 = -1 }, -1, 1, VE },
    { "intra-refresh", "Use Periodic Intra Refresh instead of IDR frames.",OFFSET(intra_refresh),AV_OPT_TYPE_BOOL,   { .i64 = -1 }, -1, 1, VE },
    { "bluray-compat", "Bluray compatibility workarounds.",               OFFSET(bluray_compat) ,AV_OPT_TYPE_BOOL,   { .i64 = -1 }, -1, 1, VE },
    { "b-bias",        "Influences how often B-frames are used",          OFFSET(b_bias),        AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    { .i64 = INT_MIN}, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE },
    { "b-pyramid",     "Keep some B-frames as references.",               OFFSET(b_pyramid),     AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    { .i64 = -1 }, -1, INT_MAX, VE, "b_pyramid" },
    { "none",          NULL,                                  0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = X264_B_PYRAMID_NONE},   INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "b_pyramid" },
    { "strict",        "Strictly hierarchical pyramid",       0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = X264_B_PYRAMID_STRICT}, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "b_pyramid" },
    { "normal",        "Non-strict (not Blu-ray compatible)", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = X264_B_PYRAMID_NORMAL}, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "b_pyramid" },
    { "mixed-refs",    "One reference per partition, as opposed to one reference per macroblock", OFFSET(mixed_refs), AV_OPT_TYPE_BOOL, { .i64 = -1}, -1, 1, VE },
    { "8x8dct",        "High profile 8x8 transform.",                     OFFSET(dct8x8),        AV_OPT_TYPE_BOOL,   { .i64 = -1 }, -1, 1, VE},
    { "fast-pskip",    NULL,                                              OFFSET(fast_pskip),    AV_OPT_TYPE_BOOL,   { .i64 = -1 }, -1, 1, VE},
    { "aud",           "Use access unit delimiters.",                     OFFSET(aud),           AV_OPT_TYPE_BOOL,   { .i64 = -1 }, -1, 1, VE},
    { "mbtree",        "Use macroblock tree ratecontrol.",                OFFSET(mbtree),        AV_OPT_TYPE_BOOL,   { .i64 = -1 }, -1, 1, VE},
    { "deblock",       "Loop filter parameters, in  form.",   OFFSET(deblock),       AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, { 0 },  0, 0, VE},
    { "cplxblur",      "Reduce fluctuations in QP (before curve compression)", OFFSET(cplxblur), AV_OPT_TYPE_FLOAT,  {.dbl = -1 }, -1, FLT_MAX, VE},
    { "partitions",    "A comma-separated list of partitions to consider. "
                       "Possible values: p8x8, p4x4, b8x8, i8x8, i4x4, none, all", OFFSET(partitions), AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, { 0 }, 0, 0, VE},
    { "direct-pred",   "Direct MV prediction mode",                       OFFSET(direct_pred),   AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    { .i64 = -1 }, -1, INT_MAX, VE, "direct-pred" },
    { "none",          NULL,      0,    AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, { .i64 = X264_DIRECT_PRED_NONE },     0, 0, VE, "direct-pred" },
    { "spatial",       NULL,      0,    AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, { .i64 = X264_DIRECT_PRED_SPATIAL },  0, 0, VE, "direct-pred" },
    { "temporal",      NULL,      0,    AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, { .i64 = X264_DIRECT_PRED_TEMPORAL }, 0, 0, VE, "direct-pred" },
    { "auto",          NULL,      0,    AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, { .i64 = X264_DIRECT_PRED_AUTO },     0, 0, VE, "direct-pred" },
    { "slice-max-size","Limit the size of each slice in bytes",           OFFSET(slice_max_size),AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    { .i64 = -1 }, -1, INT_MAX, VE },
    { "stats",         "Filename for 2 pass stats",                       OFFSET(stats),         AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING, { 0 },  0,       0, VE },
    { "nal-hrd",       "Signal HRD information (requires vbv-bufsize; "
                       "cbr not allowed in .mp4)",                        OFFSET(nal_hrd),       AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    { .i64 = -1 }, -1, INT_MAX, VE, "nal-hrd" },
    { "none",          NULL, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = X264_NAL_HRD_NONE}, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "nal-hrd" },
    { "vbr",           NULL, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = X264_NAL_HRD_VBR},  INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "nal-hrd" },
    { "cbr",           NULL, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, {.i64 = X264_NAL_HRD_CBR},  INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "nal-hrd" },
    { "avcintra-class","AVC-Intra class 50/100/200/300/480",              OFFSET(avcintra_class),AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    { .i64 = -1 }, -1, 480   , VE},
    { "me_method",    "Set motion estimation method",                     OFFSET(motion_est),    AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    { .i64 = -1 }, -1, X264_ME_TESA, VE, "motion-est"},
    { "motion-est",   "Set motion estimation method",                     OFFSET(motion_est),    AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,    { .i64 = -1 }, -1, X264_ME_TESA, VE, "motion-est"},
    { "dia",           NULL, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, { .i64 = X264_ME_DIA },  INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "motion-est" },
    { "hex",           NULL, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, { .i64 = X264_ME_HEX },  INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "motion-est" },
    { "umh",           NULL, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, { .i64 = X264_ME_UMH },  INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "motion-est" },
    { "esa",           NULL, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, { .i64 = X264_ME_ESA },  INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "motion-est" },
    { "tesa",          NULL, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, { .i64 = X264_ME_TESA }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "motion-est" },
    { "forced-idr",   "If forcing keyframes, force them as IDR frames.",                                  OFFSET(forced_idr),  AV_OPT_TYPE_BOOL,   { .i64 = 0 }, -1, 1, VE },
    { "coder",    "Coder type",                                           OFFSET(coder), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, { .i64 = -1 }, -1, 1, VE, "coder" },
    { "default",          NULL, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, { .i64 = -1 }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "coder" },
    { "cavlc",            NULL, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, { .i64 = 0 },  INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "coder" },
    { "cabac",            NULL, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, { .i64 = 1 },  INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "coder" },
    { "vlc",              NULL, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, { .i64 = 0 },  INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "coder" },
    { "ac",               NULL, 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, { .i64 = 1 },  INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE, "coder" },
    { "b_strategy",   "Strategy to choose between I/P/B-frames",          OFFSET(b_frame_strategy), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, { .i64 = -1 }, -1, 2, VE },
    { "chromaoffset", "QP difference between chroma and luma",            OFFSET(chroma_offset), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, { .i64 = 0 }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE },
    { "sc_threshold", "Scene change threshold",                           OFFSET(scenechange_threshold), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, { .i64 = -1 }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE },
    { "noise_reduction", "Noise reduction",                               OFFSET(noise_reduction), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, { .i64 = -1 }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, VE },
    { "udu_sei",      "Use user data unregistered SEI if available",      OFFSET(udu_sei),  AV_OPT_TYPE_BOOL,   { .i64 = 0 }, 0, 1, VE },
    { "x264-params",  "Override the x264 configuration using a :-separated list of key=value parameters", OFFSET(x264_params), AV_OPT_TYPE_DICT, { 0 }, 0, 0, VE },
    { NULL },
};
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方式2

通过 ffmpeg 命令行查找
ffmpeg -h encoder=libx264

常用参数讲解

preset

主要调节编码速度和质量的平衡
可以设置的值，{ “ultrafast”, “superfast”, “veryfast”, “faster”, “fast”, “medium”, “slow”, “slower”, “veryslow”, “placebo”, 0 };
如何获取可以设置哪些值，看注释是编译 x264，然后运行 x264 --fullhelp 可以看到。我这边嫌麻烦没有编译，看 x264 源码获取的

tune

主要配合视频类型和视觉优化的参数
可以设置的值，{ “film”, “animation”, “grain”, “stillimage”, “psnr”, “ssim”, “fastdecode”, “zerolatency”, 0 };
film： 电影、真人类型；
animation： 动画；
grain： 需要保留大量的grain时用；
psnr： 为提高psnr做了优化的参数；
ssim： 为提高ssim做了优化的参数；
fastdecode： 可以快速解码的参数；
zerolatency：零延迟，用在需要非常低的延迟的情况下，比如电视电话会议的编码。

profile

支持一组特定的编码功能，并支持一类特定的应用
x264_profile_names[] = { “baseline”, “main”, “high”, “high10”, “high422”, “high444”, 0 };
baseline：基本画质。支持I/P 帧，只支持无交错（Progressive）和CAVLC； 　　
main：主流画质。提供I/P/B 帧，支持无交错（Progressive）和交错（Interlaced），也支持CAVLC 和CABAC 的支持；
high：高级画质。在main Profile 的基础上增加了8x8内部预测、自定义量化、 无损视频编码和更多的YUV 格式；

level

每个profile 都规定了一个算法特征和限制的子集，任何遵守某个profile 的解码器都应该支持与其相应的子集。
每个level都规定了一组对标准中语法成员（syntax element）所采用的各种参数值的限制。

nal-hrd

码率控制方式 。
none —— 不使用 hrd
vbr —— 可变码率
cbr —— 稳定码率

crf

qp

psy

rc-lookahead

参考文献

https://blog.csdn.net/liuzehn/article/details/124995312
https://www.cnblogs.com/poissonnotes/p/6904728.html
https://blog.csdn.net/A199222/article/details/85785198