
思路:
1)括号的顺序匹配:用栈实现,遇到左括号入,遇到右括号出(保证所出的左括号与右括号对应),否则顺序不匹配。
2)括号的数量匹配:
1>左括号大于右括号:用栈实现,遇到左括号入,遇到右括号出,遍历完字符数组,此时栈不为空,则说明左括号数量大于右括号;
2>右括号大于左括号:遇到右括号出时,判断栈是否为空,若此时栈为空,说明右括号数量大于左括号;
- typedef char SDateType;
- typedef struct Stack
- {
- SDateType* a;
- int top;
- int capacity;
-
- }Stack;
- //初始化栈和销毁栈
- void InitStack(Stack* ps)
- {
- assert(ps);
- ps->a = NULL;
- ps->capacity = ps->top = 0;
- }
- void DestoryStack(Stack* ps)
- {
- assert(ps);
- free(ps->a);
- ps->a = NULL;
- ps->capacity = ps->top = 0;
-
- }
-
- //出栈和入栈
- void StackPush(Stack* ps, SDateType x)
- {
- assert(ps);
- //扩容
- if (ps->top == ps->capacity)
- {
- int newcapacity = ps->capacity == 0 ? 4 : ps->capacity * 2;
- SDateType* tmp = (SDateType*)realloc( ps->a,newcapacity * sizeof(SDateType));
- if (tmp == NULL)
- {
- perror("realloc fail:");
- return;
- }
- ps->a = tmp;
- ps->capacity = newcapacity;
-
- }
- //尾插
- ps->a[ps->top] = x;
- ps->top++;
- }
- void StackPop(Stack* ps)
- {
- assert(ps);
- assert(ps->top > 0);//只少有一个元素,才能删除
- ps->top--;
- }
-
- //栈的有效个数和栈顶元素
- int StackSize(Stack* ps)
- {
- assert(ps);
- return ps->top;
- }
- int StackTop(Stack* ps)
- {
- assert(ps);
- assert(ps->top > 0);
- return ps->a[ps->top - 1];
- }
-
- //栈是否为空
- bool StackEmpty(Stack* ps)
- {
- assert(ps);
- return ps->top == 0;
- }
- int isValid(char* s) {
- Stack ps;
- InitStack(&ps);
-
- while (*s)
- {
- if (*s == '[' || *s == '(' || *s == '{')
- {
- StackPush(&ps, *s);
- s++;
- }
- else
-
- {
- if (StackEmpty(&ps))
- {
- return false;
- }
- char tmp = StackTop(&ps);
- StackPop(&ps);
- if ((*s == ']' && tmp != '[') ||
- (*s == '}' && tmp != '{') ||
- (*s == ')' && tmp != '('))
- {
- return false;
- }
-
- s++;
-
- }
- }
- if (!StackEmpty(&ps))
- {
- return false;
- }
- else {
- return true;
- }
- DestoryStack(&ps);
- }
思路: 栈是后进先出,队列是先进先出。
用俩队列实现栈
1)入栈时,选择有数据的队列入数据;
2)出栈时,将有数据队列中前k-1个数据出队列,并入到空队列中,返回并出有数据队列的最后一个数据

- typedef int QDateType;
- typedef struct QueueNode
- {
- QDateType val;
- struct QueueNode * next;
- }QueueNode;
- typedef struct Queue
- {
- QueueNode *head;
- QueueNode *tail;
- QDateType size;
- }Queue;
-
- // 初始化队列
- void QueueInit(Queue* pq)
- {
- assert(pq);
- pq->head = pq->tail = NULL;
- pq->size = 0;
- }
-
- void QueuePush(Queue* pq, QDateType x)
- {
- assert(pq);
- QueueNode* node = (QueueNode*)malloc(sizeof(QueueNode));
-
- node->val = x;
- node->next = NULL;
- if (pq->tail == NULL)
- {
- pq->head = pq->tail = node;
- pq->size++;
- }
- else
- {
- pq->tail->next = node;
- pq->tail = node;
- pq->size++;
- }
- }
- void QueuePop(Queue* pq)
- {
- assert(pq);
- assert(pq->head != NULL);//只少保证一个节点
- QueueNode* del = pq->head;
- pq->head = pq->head->next;
- free(del);
- del = NULL;
- pq->size--;
- if (pq->head == NULL)//只有一个节点处理
- {
- pq->tail = NULL;
- }
- }
-
- // 返回队头和队尾
- QDateType QueueFront(Queue* pq)
- {
- assert(pq);
- return pq->head->val;
- }
- QDateType QueueBack(Queue* pq)
- {
- assert(pq);
- return pq->tail->val;
- }
-
- // 获取队列中有效元素个数
- int QueueSize(Queue* pq)
- {
- assert(pq);
- return pq->size;
- }
-
-
-
- bool QueueEmpty(Queue* pq)
- {
- assert(pq);
- return pq->head==NULL;
- }
-
- void QueueDestroy(Queue* pq)
- {
- assert(pq);
- QueueNode* cur = pq->head;
- while (cur)
- {
- QueueNode* next = cur->next;
- free(cur);
- cur = next;
- }
- pq->head = pq->tail = NULL;
- pq->size = 0;
-
- }
- typedef struct {
- Queue q1;
- Queue q2;
-
- } MyStack;
-
-
- MyStack* myStackCreate() {
- MyStack* obj=(MyStack*)malloc(sizeof(MyStack));
- QueueInit(&obj->q1);
- QueueInit(&obj->q2);
- return obj;
-
- }
-
- void myStackPush(MyStack* obj, int x) {
- if(!QueueEmpty(&obj->q1))
- {
- QueuePush(&obj->q1,x);
- }
- else{
- QueuePush(&obj->q2,x);
- }
- }
- bool myStackEmpty(MyStack* obj) {
- return QueueEmpty(&obj->q1)&&QueueEmpty(&obj->q2);
- }
-
- int myStackPop(MyStack* obj) {
- assert(!myStackEmpty(obj));
- Queue * empty=&obj->q1;
- Queue * nonempty=&obj->q2;
- if(!QueueEmpty(empty))
- {
- empty=&obj->q2;
- nonempty=&obj->q1;
- }
- while(QueueSize(nonempty)!=1)
- {
- int tmp= QueueFront(nonempty);
- QueuePush(empty,tmp);
- QueuePop(nonempty);
- }
- int tmp= QueueFront(nonempty);
- QueuePop(nonempty);
- return tmp;
- }
-
- int myStackTop(MyStack* obj) {
- assert(!myStackEmpty(obj));
- Queue * empty=&obj->q1;
- Queue * nonempty=&obj->q2;
- if(!QueueEmpty(empty))
- {
- empty=&obj->q2;
- nonempty=&obj->q1;
- }
- return QueueBack(nonempty);
- }
-
-
-
- void myStackFree(MyStack* obj) {
- QueueDestroy(&obj->q1);
- QueueDestroy(&obj->q2);
- free(obj);
-
- }

思路: 栈是后进先出,队列是先进先出。
1)入队列:s1栈用来在栈顶入数据;
2)出队列:s2栈用来出栈顶数据,如果s2为空,则从s1出数据入到s2中去(比如;s1中的数据为1,2,3,入到s2变为3,2,1),再出s2的栈顶数据,这样就满足队列的性质了

- typedef int SDateType;
- typedef struct Stack
- {
- SDateType* a;
- int top;
- int capacity;
-
- }Stack;
- //初始化栈和销毁栈
- void InitStack(Stack* ps)
- {
- assert(ps);
- ps->a = NULL;
- ps->capacity = ps->top = 0;
- }
- void DestoryStack(Stack* ps)
- {
- assert(ps);
- free(ps->a);
- ps->a = NULL;
- ps->capacity = ps->top = 0;
-
- }
-
- //出栈和入栈
- void StackPush(Stack* ps, SDateType x)
- {
- assert(ps);
- //扩容
- if (ps->top == ps->capacity)
- {
- int newcapacity = ps->capacity == 0 ? 4 : ps->capacity * 2;
- SDateType* tmp = (SDateType*)realloc( ps->a,newcapacity * sizeof(SDateType));
- if (tmp == NULL)
- {
- perror("realloc fail:");
- return;
- }
- ps->a = tmp;
- ps->capacity = newcapacity;
-
- }
- //尾插
- ps->a[ps->top] = x;
- ps->top++;
- }
- void StackPop(Stack* ps)
- {
- assert(ps);
- assert(ps->top > 0);//只少有一个元素,才能删除
- ps->top--;
- }
-
- //栈的有效个数和栈顶元素
- int StackSize(Stack* ps)
- {
- assert(ps);
- return ps->top;
- }
- int StackTop(Stack* ps)
- {
- assert(ps);
- assert(ps->top > 0);
- return ps->a[ps->top - 1];
- }
-
- //栈是否为空
- bool StackEmpty(Stack* ps)
- {
- assert(ps);
- return ps->top == 0;
- }
-
-
-
- typedef struct {
- Stack s1;
- Stack s2;
-
- } MyQueue;
-
-
- MyQueue* myQueueCreate() {
- MyQueue* obj=(MyQueue* )malloc(sizeof(MyQueue));
- InitStack(&obj->s1);
- InitStack(&obj->s2);
- return obj;
-
- }
-
- void myQueuePush(MyQueue* obj, int x) {
- StackPush(&obj->s1,x);
- }
-
- bool myQueueEmpty(MyQueue* obj) {
- return StackEmpty(&obj->s1)&&StackEmpty(&obj->s2);
- }
-
- int myQueuePop(MyQueue* obj) {
- assert(!myQueueEmpty(obj));
- if(StackEmpty(&obj->s2))
- {
- while(!StackEmpty(&obj->s1))
- {
- int tmp= StackTop(&obj->s1);
- StackPush(&obj->s2,tmp);
- StackPop(&obj->s1);
- }
-
- }
- int tmp= StackTop(&obj->s2);
- StackPop(&obj->s2);
- return tmp;
- }
-
- int myQueuePeek(MyQueue* obj) {
- assert(!myQueueEmpty(obj));
- if(StackEmpty(&obj->s2))
- {
- while(!StackEmpty(&obj->s1))
- {
- int tmp= StackTop(&obj->s1);
- StackPush(&obj->s2,tmp);
- StackPop(&obj->s1);
- }
-
- }
- return StackTop(&obj->s2);
- }
-
-
-
- void myQueueFree(MyQueue* obj) {
-
- DestoryStack(&obj->s1);
- DestoryStack(&obj->s2);
- free(obj);
-
-
-
- }

思路一:数组
以front为队列头下标,tail为队列尾下一个元素下标,一共k个数据,开辟k+1个整型大小空间,方便区分队列为空、为满以及一个元素的情况
1)队列为空,front=tail
2)队列为1个元素,front+1=tail
3) 队列为满,(tail+1)%(k+1)==front

- typedef struct {
- int *a;
- int front;
- int rear;
- int n;
- } MyCircularQueue;
-
-
- MyCircularQueue* myCircularQueueCreate(int k) {
- MyCircularQueue* obj=(MyCircularQueue*)malloc(sizeof(MyCircularQueue));
- int * tmp=(int *)malloc(sizeof(int)*(k+1));
- obj->a=tmp;
- obj->front=0;
- obj->rear=0;
- obj->n=k;
- return obj;
- }
-
- bool myCircularQueueIsFull(MyCircularQueue* obj) {
- if((obj->rear+1)%(obj->n+1)==obj->front)
- {
- return true;
- }
- return false;
- }
-
- bool myCircularQueueEnQueue(MyCircularQueue* obj, int value) {
- if(myCircularQueueIsFull( obj))
- {
- return false;
- }
- obj->a[obj->rear]=value;
- obj->rear++;
- obj->rear=obj->rear%(obj->n+1);
- return true;
- }
-
- bool myCircularQueueIsEmpty(MyCircularQueue* obj) {
- if(obj->front==obj->rear)
- {
- return true;
- }
- return false;
- }
- bool myCircularQueueDeQueue(MyCircularQueue* obj) {
- if(myCircularQueueIsEmpty( obj))
- {
- return false;
- }
- obj->front++;
- obj->front=obj->front%(obj->n+1);
- return true;
- }
-
- int myCircularQueueFront(MyCircularQueue* obj) {
- if(myCircularQueueIsEmpty( obj))
- {
- return -1;
- }
- return obj->a[obj->front];
- }
-
- int myCircularQueueRear(MyCircularQueue* obj) {
- if(myCircularQueueIsEmpty( obj))
- {
- return -1;
- }
- return obj->a[(obj->rear-1+obj->n+1)%(obj->n+1)];
- }
-
-
-
-
- void myCircularQueueFree(MyCircularQueue* obj) {
- free(obj->a);
- free(obj);
- }
思路二:单向循环链表
以head为队列头节点,tail为队列尾尾节点的下一个节点,一共k个数据,开辟k+1个节点的循环单向链表,方便区分队列为空、为满以及一个元素的情况
1)队列为空,head=tail
2)队列为1个元素,head->next=tail
3) 队列为满,tail->next=head

- typedef struct QueueNode
- {
- int val;
- struct QueueNode * next;
- }QueueNode;
-
- QueueNode* BuyNode(int x)
- {
- QueueNode* node=(QueueNode*)malloc(sizeof(QueueNode));
- node->val=x;
- node->next=NULL;
- return node;
- }
- typedef struct MyCircularQueue{
- QueueNode *head;
- QueueNode *tail;
- QueueNode * pretail;
- int n;
- } MyCircularQueue;
-
-
- MyCircularQueue* myCircularQueueCreate(int k) {
- MyCircularQueue* obj=(MyCircularQueue*)malloc(sizeof(MyCircularQueue));
- QueueNode* node=BuyNode(0);
- obj->pretail=NULL;
- obj->head=obj->tail=node;
- obj->n=(k+1);
- QueueNode* cur=obj->tail;
- while(k--)
- {
- QueueNode* node=BuyNode(0);
-
- cur->next=node;
- cur= cur->next;
- }
-
- cur->next=obj->head;
- return obj;
- }
-
- bool myCircularQueueIsFull(MyCircularQueue* obj) {
- if(obj->tail->next==obj->head)
- {
- return true;
- }
- return false;
- }
-
- bool myCircularQueueEnQueue(MyCircularQueue* obj, int value) {
- if(myCircularQueueIsFull( obj))
- {
- return false;
- }
- obj->tail->val=value;
- obj->pretail=obj->tail;
- obj->tail=obj->tail->next;
-
-
- return true;
- }
-
- bool myCircularQueueIsEmpty(MyCircularQueue* obj) {
- if(obj->head==obj->tail)
- {
- return true;
- }
- return false;
- }
- bool myCircularQueueDeQueue(MyCircularQueue* obj) {
- if(myCircularQueueIsEmpty( obj))
- {
- return false;
- }
- obj->head=obj->head->next;
-
- return true;
- }
-
- int myCircularQueueFront(MyCircularQueue* obj) {
- if(myCircularQueueIsEmpty( obj))
- {
- return -1;
- }
- return obj->head->val;
- }
-
- int myCircularQueueRear(MyCircularQueue* obj) {
- if(myCircularQueueIsEmpty( obj))
- {
- return -1;
- }
- return obj->pretail->val;
- }
-
-
-
-
- void myCircularQueueFree(MyCircularQueue* obj) {
- while(obj->n--)
- {
- QueueNode*next=obj->head->next;
- free(obj->head);
- obj->head=next;
- }
- obj->head=NULL;
- free(obj);
- }