MHA(MasterHigh Availability)
基于主库的高可用环境下,可以实现主从复制、故障切换; 主从的架构,最少需要一主两从。
作用
解决Mysql的单点故障问题,一旦主库崩溃,MHA可以在0-30s内自动完成故障切换。
原理
MHA使用的是半同步复制,只要有一台从服务器写入数据,就会自动提交给客户端,
如果master崩溃,slave就会从主的二进制日志保存文件,
并且会识别最新更新的日志,差异部分会同步到slave,
将一个新的slave提升为master,其他的slave继续和新的master同步。
- 实验配置:
- 20.0.0.10:MHA manager
- 20.0.0.81:master
- 20.0.0.82:salve1
- 20.0.0.83:salve2
- node组件-->需要部署在所有服务器上(manager组件依赖于node组件,node组件监控mysql的状态)
- node组件靠ssh来进行通信
- 81:
- hostnamectl set-hostname Master
- su
-
- 82:
- hostnamectl set-hostname Slave1
- su
-
- 83:
- hostnamectl set-hostname Slave2
- su
- 81:
- vim /etc/my.cnf
- --
- server-id = 1
- log_bin = master-bin
- log-slave-updates = true
- --
- systemctl restart mysqld
- 82:
- vim /etc/my.cnf
- --
- server-id = 2 #三台服务器的 server-id 不能一样
- log_bin = master-bin
- relay-log = relay-log-bin
- relay-log-index = slave-relay-bin.index
- --
- systemctl restart mysqld
- 83:
- vim /etc/my.cnf
- --
- server-id = 3 #三台服务器的 server-id 不能一样
- relay-log = relay-log-bin
- relay-log-index = slave-relay-bin.index
- --
- systemctl restart mysqld
- ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/sbin/
- ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog /usr/sbin/
- //所有数据库节点进行mysql授权
- mysql -uroot -p123456
-
- #从数据库同步使用
- grant replication slave on *.* to 'myslave'@'20.0.0.%' identified by '123456';
-
- #manager 使用
- grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'20.0.0.%' identified by 'manager';
-
- #防止从库通过主机名连接不上主库
- grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'master' identified by 'manager';
- grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'slave1' identified by 'manager';
- grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'slave2' identified by 'manager';
- flush privileges;
-
- //在Master节点查看二进制文件和同步点
- show master status;

- //在Slave1、Slave2节点执行同步操作
- change master to master_host='20.0.0.81',master_user='myslave',master_password='123456',master_log_file='master-bin.000001',master_log_pos=1737;
- start slave;
-
- //在Slave1、Slave2节点查看数据同步结果
- show slave status\G;

- //两个从库必须设置为只读模式
- set global read_only=1;
-
- //在Master主库新建库,测试是否同步
- create database test_db;

- //所有服务器上都安装MHA依赖的环境,首先安装epel源
- yum install epel-release --nogpgcheck -y
- yum install -y perl-DBD-MySQL \
- perl-Config-Tiny \
- perl-Log-Dispatch \
- perl-Parallel-ForkManager \
- perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder \
- perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker \
- perl-CPAN
-
- //安装MHA软件包,先在所有服务器上安装node组件
- cd /opt
- --拖入node包--
- tar zxvf mha4mysql-node-0.57.tar.gz
- cd mha4mysql-node-0.57
- perl Makefile.PL
- make && make install
-
- //在MHA manager节点上安装manager组件
- cd /opt
- --拖入manager包--
- tar zxvf mha4mysql-manager-0.57.tar.gz
- cd mha4mysql-manager-0.57
- perl Makefile.PL
- make && make install
- //manager组件安装后在/usr/local/bin下面会生成几个工具,主要包括以下:
- masterha_check_ssh:检测MHA的ssh的配置情况
- masterha_check_repl:检测Mysql的复制情况
- masterha_manager:启动manager的脚本
- masterha_check_status:检测MHA的运行状态
- masterha_master_monitor:检测master主机的情况(是否宕机)
- masterha_master_switch:控制故障转移
- masterha_conf_host:添加或者删除配置的server信息
- masterha_stop:停止MHA的脚本
-
- //node组件安装后也会在/usr/local/bin下面会生成几个脚本
- save_binary_logs:保存和复制master的二进制日志
- apply_diff_relay_logs:识别二进制日志当中的差异事件,然后发送给其他的slave
- filter_mysqlbinlog:去除不必要的回滚事件(MHA已经不用)
- purge_relay_logs:同步之后清除中继日志(不会阻塞sql的限制)
- //在manager节点上配置到所有数据库节点的无密码认证
- ssh-keygen -t rsa #一路按回车键
- ssh-copy-id 20.0.0.81
- ssh-copy-id 20.0.0.82
- ssh-copy-id 20.0.0.83
-
- //在master上配置到数据库节点 slave1 和 slave2 的无密码认证
- ssh-keygen -t rsa
- ssh-copy-id 20.0.0.82
- ssh-copy-id 20.0.0.83
-
- //在slave1上配置到数据库节点 master 和 slave2 的无密码认证
- ssh-keygen -t rsa
- ssh-copy-id 20.0.0.81
- ssh-copy-id 20.0.0.83
-
- //在slave2上配置到数据库节点 master 和 slave1 的无密码认证
- ssh-keygen -t rsa
- ssh-copy-id 20.0.0.81
- ssh-copy-id 20.0.0.82
- //在 manager 节点上复制相关脚本到/usr/local/bin 目录
- cp -rp /opt/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples/scripts /usr/local/bin
-
- #拷贝后会有四个执行文件
- cd /usr/local/bin/scripts/
- ll
- master_ip_failover 自动切换时 VIP 管理的脚本
- master_ip_online_change 在线切换时 vip 的管理
- power_manager 故障发生后关闭主机的脚本
- send_report 因故障切换后发送报警的脚本
-
- //复制上述的自动切换时VIP管理的脚本到/usr/local/bin目录,
- 这里使用master_ip_failover脚本来管理VIP和故障切换
- cp /usr/local/bin/scripts/master_ip_failover /usr/local/bin
-
- //修改内容
- vim /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover
- --
- #!/usr/bin/env perl
- use strict;
- use warnings FATAL => 'all';
-
- use Getopt::Long;
- my (
- $command, $ssh_user, $orig_master_host, $orig_master_ip,
- $orig_master_port, $new_master_host, $new_master_ip, $new_master_port
- );
- my $vip = '20.0.0.100';
- my $brdc = '20.0.0.255';
- my $ifdev = 'ens33';
- my $key = '1';
- my $ssh_start_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig ens33:$key $vip";
- my $ssh_stop_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig ens33:$key down";
- my $exit_code = 0;
- GetOptions(
- 'command=s' => \$command,
- 'ssh_user=s' => \$ssh_user,
- 'orig_master_host=s' => \$orig_master_host,
- 'orig_master_ip=s' => \$orig_master_ip,
- 'orig_master_port=i' => \$orig_master_port,
- 'new_master_host=s' => \$new_master_host,
- 'new_master_ip=s' => \$new_master_ip,
- 'new_master_port=i' => \$new_master_port,
- );
-
- exit &main();
-
- sub main {
- print "\n\nIN SCRIPT TEST====$ssh_stop_vip==$ssh_start_vip===\n\n";
- if ( $command eq "stop" || $command eq "stopssh" ) {
- my $exit_code = 1;
- eval {
- print "Disabling the VIP on old master: $orig_master_host \n";
- &stop_vip();
- $exit_code = 0;
- };
- if ($@) {
- warn "Got Error: $@\n";
- exit $exit_code;
- }
- exit $exit_code;
- }
- elsif ( $command eq "start" ) {
- my $exit_code = 10;
- eval {
- print "Enabling the VIP - $vip on the new master - $new_master_host \n";
- &start_vip();
- $exit_code = 0;
- };
- if ($@) {
- warn $@;
- exit $exit_code;
- }
- exit $exit_code;
- }
- elsif ( $command eq "status" ) {
- print "Checking the Status of the script.. OK \n";
- exit 0;
- }
- else {
- &usage();
- exit 1;
- }
- }
- sub start_vip() {
- `ssh $ssh_user\@$new_master_host \" $ssh_start_vip \"`;
- }
- ### A simple system call that disable the VIP on the old_master
- sub stop_vip() {
- `ssh $ssh_user\@$orig_master_host \" $ssh_stop_vip \"`;
- }
-
- sub usage {
- print
- "Usage: master_ip_failover --command=start|stop|stopssh|status --orig_master_host=host --orig_master_ip=ip --orig_master_port=port --new_master_host=host --new_master_ip=ip --new_master_port=port\n";
- }
- --
-
- //创建 MHA 软件目录并拷贝配置文件,这里使用app1.cnf配置文件来管理 mysql 节点服务器
- mkdir /etc/masterha
- cp /opt/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples/conf/app1.cnf /etc/masterha
- vim /etc/masterha/app1.cnf
- --
- [server default]
- manager_log=/var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log
- manager_workdir=/var/log/masterha/app1
- master_binlog_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data
- master_ip_failover_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover
- master_ip_online_change_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_online_change
- password=manager
- ping_interval=1
- remote_workdir=/tmp
- repl_password=123456
- repl_user=myslave
- secondary_check_script=/usr/local/bin/masterha_secondary_check -s 20.0.0.82 -s 20.0.0.83
- #从对主监听
- shutdown_script=""
- ssh_user=root
- user=mha
-
- [server1]
- hostname=20.0.0.81
- #主服务器
- port=3306
-
- [server2]
- candidate_master=1
- check_repl_delay=0
- hostname=20.0.0.82
- #备用主服务器
- port=3306
-
- [server3]
- hostname=20.0.0.83
- #从服务器2
- port=3306
- --
- 81:
- /sbin/ifconfig ens33:1 20.0.0.100/24
- 10:
- masterha_check_ssh -conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf

- 10:
- masterha_check_repl -conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf

- 10:
- nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover < /dev/null > /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log 2>&1 &

- 10:
- masterha_check_status --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf

- 10:
- cat /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log | grep "current master"

- 81:
- ifconfig

- //在manager节点上监控观察日志记录
- tail -f /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log
-
- //在Master节点master上停止mysql服务
- systemctl stop mysqld


- 81:
- vim /etc/my.cnf
- --
- log_bin = master-bin
- relay-log = relay-log-bin
- relay-log-index = slave-relay-bin.index
- --
- systemctl restart mysqld.service
- 82:
- vim /etc/my.cnf
- --
- log_bin = master-bin
- log-slave-updates = true
- --
- systemctl restart mysqld.service
- 10:
- masterha_stop --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
- vim /etc/masterha/app1.cnf
- --
- [server default]
- manager_log=/var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log
- manager_workdir=/var/log/masterha/app1
- master_binlog_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data
- master_ip_failover_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover
- master_ip_online_change_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_online_change
- password=manager
- ping_interval=1
- remote_workdir=/tmp
- repl_password=123
- repl_user=myslave
- secondary_check_script=/usr/local/bin/masterha_secondary_check -s 20.0.0.81 -s 20.0.0.83
- shutdown_script=""
- ssh_user=root
- user=mha
- [server1]
- hostname=20.0.0.82
- port=3306
- [server2]
- candidate_master=1
- check_repl_delay=0
- hostname=20.0.0.81
- port=3306
- [server3]
- hostname=20.0.0.83
- port=3306
- --
- 10:
- nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover < /dev/null > /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log 2>&1 &
- 82:
- mysql -u root -p123456
- show master status;

- 81:
- mysql -u root -p123456
- stop slave;
- change master to master_host='20.0.0.82',master_user='myslave',master_password='123456',master_log_file='master-bin.000003',master_log_pos=154;
- reset slave;
- start slave;
- 82(新主):
- create database test1_db;
