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测试端口开通的几种方法
一、前言
在平时使用中，当测试服务器端口是否开通时，我们首先想到的是Telnet，如下：
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# telnet 192.168.1.33 6443 Trying 192.168.1.33... Connected to 192.168.1.33. Escape character is '^]'.- 1
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但是实际生产环境可能不允许我们使用Telnet工具，此时我们只能使用其他工具进行测试端口是否开通。除Telnet工具外，支持测试端口开通的工具有Curl、SSH、nc、wget、nmap。
二、工具介绍
2.1、curl
命令格式：
$ curl ip:port- 1
成功示例说明：
lckd@lckd-PC:~$ curl 192.168.210.27:80 <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <title>Welcome to nginx!</title> <style> body { width: 35em; margin: 0 auto; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; } </style> </head> <body> <h1>Welcome to nginx!</h1> <p>If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and working. Further configuration is required.</p> <p>For online documentation and support please refer to <a href="http://nginx.org/">nginx.org</a>.<br/> Commercial support is available at <a href="http://nginx.com/">nginx.com</a>.</p> <p><em>Thank you for using nginx.</em></p> </body> </html>- 1
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失败示例说明：
lckd@lckd-PC:~$ curl 192.168.210.27:8081 curl: (7) Failed to connect to 192.168.210.27 port 8081: 拒绝连接- 1
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2.2、ssh
命令格式：
$ ssh -v -p port username@ip- 1
上面参数说明：
-v: 是ssh命令的一个选项，用于启用详细输出模式（verbose mode）--p port: 是ssh命令的另一个选项，用于指定连接远程服务器时要使用的端口号username: 要连接到远程服务器的用户名ip: 是远程服务器的 IP 地址或主机名
成功示例说明：
lckd@lckd-PC:~$ ssh -v -p 80 192.168.210.27 OpenSSH_7.9p1 Debian-1+dde, OpenSSL 1.1.1d 10 Sep 2019 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to 192.168.210.27 [192.168.210.27] port 80. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /home/lckd/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/lckd/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/lckd/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/lckd/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/lckd/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1 debug1: identity file /home/lckd/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/lckd/.ssh/id_ed25519 type -1 debug1: identity file /home/lckd/.ssh/id_ed25519-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /home/lckd/.ssh/id_xmss type -1 debug1: identity file /home/lckd/.ssh/id_xmss-cert type -1 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.9p1 Debian-1+dde debug1: ssh_exchange_identification: HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request debug1: ssh_exchange_identification: Server: nginx/1.18.0 (Ubuntu) debug1: ssh_exchange_identification: Date: Wed, 15 Nov 2023 06:10:29 GMT debug1: ssh_exchange_identification: Content-Type: text/html debug1: ssh_exchange_identification: Content-Length: 166 debug1: ssh_exchange_identification: Connection: close debug1: ssh_exchange_identification: debug1: ssh_exchange_identification: <html> debug1: ssh_exchange_identification: <head><title>400 Bad Request</title></head> debug1: ssh_exchange_identification: <body> debug1: ssh_exchange_identification: <center><h1>400 Bad Request</h1></center> debug1: ssh_exchange_identification: <hr><center>nginx/1.18.0 (Ubuntu)</center> debug1: ssh_exchange_identification: </body> debug1: ssh_exchange_identification: </html> ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host- 1
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失败示例说明：
lckd@lckd-PC:~$ ssh -v -p 8081 192.168.210.27 OpenSSH_7.9p1 Debian-1+dde, OpenSSL 1.1.1d 10 Sep 2019 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 19: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to 192.168.210.27 [192.168.210.27] port 8081. debug1: connect to address 192.168.210.27 port 8081: Connection refused ssh: connect to host 192.168.210.27 port 8081: Connection refused- 1
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2.3、nc
命令格式：
$ nc -zv ip port- 1
上面参数说明：
nc: 是用于在命令行中进行网络连接的工具，也称为netcat。-v: 是nc命令的一个选项，用于启用详细输出模式（verbose mode）-z: 是nc命令的另一个选项，用于指示nc在连接成功后立即关闭连接，而不发送或接收任何数据。这使得nc仅用于测试连接，而不会执行实际数据传输。ip: 是远程服务器的 IP 地址或主机名port: 是远程服务器的端口号
成功示例说明：
lckd@lckd-PC:~$ nc -zv 192.168.210.27 80 Connection to 192.168.210.27 80 port [tcp/http] succeeded!- 1
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失败示例说明：
lckd@lckd-PC:~$ nc -zv 192.168.210.27 8081 nc: connect to 192.168.210.27 port 8081 (tcp) failed: Connection refused- 1
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2.4、wget
命令格式：
$ wget ip:port- 1
成功示例说明：
lckd@lckd-PC:~$ wget 192.168.210.27:80 --2023-11-15 14:15:13-- http://192.168.210.27/ 正在连接 192.168.210.27:80... 已连接。 已发出 HTTP 请求，正在等待回应... 200 OK 长度：612 [text/html] 正在保存至: “index.html.1” index.html.1 100%[=================================================>] 612 --.-KB/s 用时 0s 2023-11-15 14:15:13 (124 MB/s) - 已保存 “index.html.1” [612/612])- 1
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失败示例说明：
lckd@lckd-PC:~$ wget 192.168.210.27:8081 --2023-11-15 14:15:51-- http://192.168.210.27:8081/ 正在连接 192.168.210.27:8081... 失败：拒绝连接。- 1
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2.5、nmap
命令格式：
$ nmap -p port ip- 1
如果没有，先下载。
成功示例说明：
lckd@lckd-PC:~$ nmap -p 80 192.168.210.27 Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2023-11-15 14:18 CST Nmap scan report for 192.168.210.27 Host is up (0.00027s latency). PORT STATE SERVICE 80/tcp open http Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 6.53 seconds- 1
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失败示例说明：
lckd@lckd-PC:~$ nmap -p 8081 192.168.210.27 Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2023-11-15 14:19 CST Nmap scan report for 192.168.210.27 Host is up (0.00033s latency). PORT STATE SERVICE 8081/tcp closed blackice-icecap Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.06 seconds- 1
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- 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_40228534/article/details/134419255
