Ansible角色定制实例

目录

角色定制：roles

角色定制实例：利用角色部署wordpress

1.在roles目录下生成对应的目录结构

2.定义配置文件

①nginx

②php

 ③mysql

④定义剧本文件

⑤启动服务

角色定制：roles

      对于普通的剧本（playbook）有个弊端就是无法实现复用假设在同时部署Web、db、ha 时或不同服务器组合不同的应用就需要写多个yml文件。很难实现灵活的调用。

　　roles 用于层次性、结构化地组织playbook。roles 能够根据层次型结构自动装载变量文件、tasks以及handlers等。要使用roles只需要在playbook中使用include指令即可。简单来讲，roles就是通过分别将变量(vars)、文件(file)、任务(tasks)、模块(modules)及处理器(handlers)放置于单独的目录中，并可以便捷地include它们的一种机制。

角色定制实例：利用角色部署wordpress

192.168.134.165 server01

192.168.134.166 server02

192.168.134.163 server03

server01管理其他两个服务器资产。

1.在roles目录下生成对应的目录结构

[root@server01 ~]# mkdir roles
#生成相应的目录
[root@server01 roles]# ansible-galaxy init nginx
[root@server01 roles]# ansible-galaxy init mysql
[root@server01 roles]# ansible-galaxy init php
[root@server01 roles]# tree
.
├── mysql
│   ├── defaults
│   │   └── main.yml
│   ├── files
│   ├── handlers
│   │   └── main.yml
│   ├── meta
│   │   └── main.yml
│   ├── README.md
│   ├── tasks
│   │   └── main.yml
│   ├── templates
│   ├── tests
│   │   ├── inventory
│   │   └── test.yml
│   └── vars
│       └── main.yml
├── nginx
│   ├── defaults
│   │   └── main.yml
│   ├── files
│   ├── handlers
│   │   └── main.yml
│   ├── meta
│   │   └── main.yml
│   ├── README.md
│   ├── tasks
│   │   └── main.yml
│   ├── templates
│   │   └── nginx.conf
│   ├── tests
│   │   ├── inventory
│   │   └── test.yml
│   └── vars
│       └── main.yml
├── php
│   ├── defaults
│   │   └── main.yml
│   ├── files
│   ├── handlers
│   │   └── main.yml
│   ├── meta
│   │   └── main.yml
│   ├── README.md
│   ├── tasks
│   │   └── main.yml
│   ├── templates
│   ├── tests
│   │   ├── inventory
│   │   └── test.yml
│   └── vars
│       └── main.yml

2.定义配置文件

我们需要修改每个文件对应的配置。

①nginx

• [root@server01 roles]# vim nginx/tasks/main.yml

[root@server01 roles]# vim nginx/tasks/main.yml 
---
# tasks file for nginx
 - name: install {{ server }}
   yum: name={{ server }},epel-release  state=present
 - name: start {{ server }}
   service: name={{ server }} state=started
 - name: 拷贝wordpress源代码
   unarchive: src=/root/wordpress-6.4.1-zh_CN.tar.gz dest=/usr/share/nginx/html
 - name: copy wordpress
   copy: src=/root/roles/wp-config.php  dest=/usr/share/nginx/html/wordpress/
 - name: copy
   template: src=/root/roles/nginx/templates/nginx.conf dest=/etc/nginx/  #将nginx的配置文件模板发送到资产上
   notify: restartnginx
   tags: rs
 
 
#上传wordpress的包
[root@server01 ~]# rz 
[root@server01 ~]# ll
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 25302043 11月 13 09:58 wordpress-6.4.1-zh_CN.tar.gz

• 创建 /root/roles/wp-config.php文件写入一下内容

/**
 * The base configuration for WordPress
 *
 * The wp-config.php creation script uses this file during the installation.
 * You don't have to use the web site, you can copy this file to "wp-config.php"
 * and fill in the values.
 *
 * This file contains the following configurations:
 *
 * * Database settings
 * * Secret keys
 * * Database table prefix
 * * ABSPATH
 *
 * @link https://wordpress.org/documentation/article/editing-wp-config-php/
 *
 * @package WordPress
 */
// ** Database settings - You can get this info from your web host ** //
/** The name of the database for WordPress */
define( 'DB_NAME', 'wordpress' );
/** Database username */
define( 'DB_USER', 'wordpress' );
/** Database password */
define( 'DB_PASSWORD', 'Aren@123' );
/** Database hostname */
define( 'DB_HOST', '192.168.134.166' );
/** Database charset to use in creating database tables. */
define( 'DB_CHARSET', 'utf8mb4' );
/** The database collate type. Don't change this if in doubt. */
define( 'DB_COLLATE', '' );
 
/**#@+
 * Authentication unique keys and salts.
 *
 * Change these to different unique phrases! You can generate these using
 * the {@link https://api.wordpress.org/secret-key/1.1/salt/ WordPress.org secret-key service}.
 *
 * You can change these at any point in time to invalidate all existing cookies.
 * This will force all users to have to log in again.
 *
 * @since 2.6.0
 */
define( 'AUTH_KEY',         'ug.ct&MB!sL1_o/6t.}Xt4|f?;%|@.Zw6>wUwM3uSXcgB_nnOaZF-m^oUAuV.i-n' );
define( 'SECURE_AUTH_KEY',  'EP#~FNQDJRfL4C8Lboja}KVrc:fhdq_L~gn#wN>^qrn.DHZQwkjl=]-:QFcv:aY-' );
define( 'LOGGED_IN_KEY',    '3NQgD!)H{lR=,s(EQm7!jYrlR*T|3:h:Ag>_|#6qAO k6U#vvF)gXqb EKdcu[]v' );
define( 'NONCE_KEY',        ',LMJd60b=Qj1]B)ut!JAYCuJ)xN?`Dlnc>P8Tl_hCTk3Sl+qyAvpi_[VbCTAR?:/' );
define( 'AUTH_SALT',        'uj<)Ftb_ZA8+;ms%1AqGik.P@35[]r?.d~jc4J?]und3^vEV*=noZ}z^Gbj?u,oQ' );
define( 'SECURE_AUTH_SALT', '-CoV$a0F^9AF ?Zk()y<{}*WB`QP;$++T`F2NC6OUb]2=i9GW`*/1RjLb&sTO>}/' );
define( 'LOGGED_IN_SALT',   '2)?iJr4fi!gqk5~76^f1}Apdwynt:;$JoNdw]ty:kL]tEfy[%$H(oLNdCX/bFhJy' );
define( 'NONCE_SALT',       'zU(c-T%ayYW17wFle,oVj0@VG&m,e#Ujs~M|@>q[^|RCp*q)GbGTbRh*zh_#V5h6' );
 
/**#@-*/
 
/**
 * WordPress database table prefix.
 *
 * You can have multiple installations in one database if you give each
 * a unique prefix. Only numbers, letters, and underscores please!
 */
$table_prefix = 'wp_';
define( 'WP_DEBUG', false );
 
/* Add any custom values between this line and the "stop editing" line. */
 
 
 
/* That's all, stop editing! Happy publishing. */
/** Absolute path to the WordPress directory. */
if ( ! defined( 'ABSPATH' ) ) {
        define( 'ABSPATH', __DIR__ . '/' );
}
/** Sets up WordPress vars and included files. */
require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-settings.php';
 

• [root@server01 roles]# vim nginx/vars/main.yml

[root@server01 roles]# vim nginx/vars/main.yml
---
# vars file for nginx
    server: nginx
    port: 80

• [root@server01 roles]# vim nginx/templates/nginx.conf

user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
 
# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.
include /usr/share/nginx/modules/*.conf;
 
events {
    worker_connections 1024;
}
 
http {
    log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                      '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                      '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
 
    access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
 
    sendfile            on;
    tcp_nopush          on;
    tcp_nodelay         on;
    keepalive_timeout   65;
    types_hash_max_size 4096;
 
    include             /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type        application/octet-stream;
 
    # Load modular configuration files from the /etc/nginx/conf.d directory.
    # See http://nginx.org/en/docs/ngx_core_module.html#include
    # for more information.
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
 
    server {
        listen       {{ port }};
        server_name  localhost;
        root         /usr/share/nginx/html/wordpress;
 index index.php;
        # Load configuration files for the default server block.
        include /etc/nginx/default.d/*.conf;
        location ~ \.php$ {
            root          /usr/share/nginx/html/wordpress;  #指定网站目录
            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;    #指定访问地址
            fastcgi_index  index.php;           #指定默认文件
            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; #站点根目录，取决于root配置项
            include        fastcgi_params;  #包含nginx常量定义
                        }
        error_page 404 /404.html;
        location = /404.html {
        }
 
        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
        }
    }
 
}

• 定义handlers文件 [root@server01 roles]# vim nginx/handlers/main.yml 

---
# handlers file for nginx
 - name: restartnginx
   service: name={{ server }} state=restarted

②php

• root@server01 roles]# vim php/tasks/main.yml 

---
# tasks file for php
 - name: install php
   yum: name=php80-php-xsl,php80-php,php80-php-cli,php80-php-devel,php80-php-gd,php80-php-pdo,php80-php-mysql,php80-php-fpm state=present
 - name: start php
   service: name=php80-php-fpm state=started

 ③mysql

• [root@server01 roles]# vim mysql/tasks/main.yml 

---
# tasks file for mysql
 - name: install mariadb
   yum: name=mariadb-server,mariadb  state=present disablerepo=mysql-5.7-community
 - name: start db
   service: name=mariadb  state=started  enabled=true
 - name: change passwd
   shell: mysql  -e "create database {{ db_name }}; grant all on wordpress.* to 'wordpress'@'%' identified by '{{ db_pass }}'; flush privileges"
   tags: db           

• [root@server01 roles]# vim mysql/vars/main.yml

---
# vars file for mysql
    db_name: 'wordpress'
    db_pass: Aren@123

④定义剧本文件

接下来，我们就来定义剧本文件，由于大部分设置我们都单独配置在了roles里面，所以，接下来剧本就只需要写一点点内容即可：

[root@server01 roles]# vim roles.yaml 
---
 - hosts: all
   remote_user: root
   roles:
        - nginx
        - php
        - mysql

⑤启动服务

• [root@server01 roles]# ansible-playbook /root/roles/roles.yaml

 进入web页面